ABSTRACT
Resumen Desde la descripción del Patrón de Conducta Tipo A (PCTA) como factor de riesgo de la enfermedad cardiovascular y la posterior confirmación de la hostilidad como uno de los principales predictores del padecimiento, se han empleado distintas escalas de medida para su evaluación. Una de las mayormente citadas es la Escala de Hostilidad (HO) de Cook y Medley (1954). El objetivo del presente fue determinar la confiabilidad y validez de la escala para población adulta del noroeste de México. Se empleó en una muestra de 1669 participantes con un rango de edad de entre 30 a 85 años, una media de 38 y una desviación estándar de 10.16. Esta muestra presenta un rango de edad superior a los de otros estudios que tienden a utilizar estudiantes. Un análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró una estructura factorial con cinco factores, siguiendo el modelo de Barefoot et al. (1989, 1991), con una varianza explicada de 29.67% y un índice de consistencia interna de 0.86, obteniendo además que los indicadores de bondad del ajuste de los datos fueron óptimos. Se concluye que la escala de hostilidad, posee una fiabilidad y validez apropiada, lo que permitirá su uso para la medida del constructo en población adulta.
Abstract Based on the description of the Type A Behavior Pattern (PCTA) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the subsequent confirmation of hostility as one of the main predictors of the condition, different measurement scales have been used for its evaluation. One of the most cited is the Cook and Medley Hostility Scale (HO) (1954), which was initially created with English-speaking teachers, and later used with cardiovascular patients to identify the presence of the risk factor. The objective of this work was to determinate the reliability and validity of the hostility scale for the population of northwestern Mexico. It was used in a sample of 1669 participants with an age range between 30 and 85 years, a mean of 38 and a standard deviation of 10.16. This sample has a higher age range than other studies that tend to use students. A confirmatory factor analysis showed a factor structure with five factors, following the model of Barefoot et al. (1989, 1991), with an explained variance of 29.67% and an internal consistency index of 0.86, also obtaining that the indicators of goodness of fit of the data were optimal. We conclude that the hostility scale has appropriate reliability and validity, which will allow its use to measure the construct in the adult population, which allows its use in cardiovascular patients to measure the hostility that is shown as a risk factor for these diseases.
ABSTRACT
The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is effective for the prevention of type 2 diabetes by weight loss with diet and physical activity. However, there is little evidence as to whether this program could be translated into real-world clinical practice in Latin American countries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the DPP for the management of overweightness and obesity at 6 and 12 months in clinical practice in Mexico. This was a non-controlled intervention study implemented in five public clinics in northern Mexico. Two hundred and thirty-seven adults aged 45.7 ± 9.9 years with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 34.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2 received group sessions with an adaptation of the DPP, in addition to nutrition counseling. One hundred and thirty-three (56%) participants concluded the 6 month phase. They showed a significant weight loss, ranging from 2.76 ± 4.76 to 7.92 ± 6.85 kg (p ≤ 0.01) in the clinics. The intention-to-treat analysis showed a more conservative weight loss. Participant retention at the end of 12 months was low (40%). The implementation of the DPP in different public clinics in Mexico was effective in the management of obesity in the short term, but better strategies are required to improve participant retention in the long term.
