ABSTRACT
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the use and application of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in the prediction of cardiovascular risk factors including mixed hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, and metabolic syndrome in a population of young Mexican adults. Values were obtained for metabolic parameters, such as glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol (total, high-density, low-density, and very low density), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and uric acid. Through univariate and multivariate analysis, parametric comparisons were applied and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the risk of hyperuricemia, hypertension, mixed hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome from a high AIP. Metabolic parameters and AIP had a significant correlation, with higher rates observed with increased AIP. As a set, metabolic parameters increased with an AIP >0.21 (λ Wilks = 0.58, F(14,344) = 7.7, P < 0.0001). The area under the curve was statistically significant for prediction of hyperuricemia (0.6), mixed hyperlipidemia (0.9), hypertension (0.8), and metabolic syndrome (0.95). In conclusion, in a sample of young Mexican adults, AIP was strongly associated with cardiovascular risk factors and could serve as a useful marker for the prediction of metabolic alterations related to cardiovascular disease.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its impact has not been properly documented. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of hyperuricemia on metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in apparently healthy Mexicans. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of 768 young adults. Association of hyperuricemia with alterations in metabolic parameters and CRF (hypertension, mixed dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome) was sought. Log-linear and regression models were used to determine the influence of hyperuricemia. A multivariate analysis of variance was applied to observe the interaction of hyperuricemia and overweight or obesity with changes in metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Metabolic parameters were higher in patients with hyperuricemia than with normal uric acid (all < 0.05). Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with hypertension (OR=6.8, 95 % CI: 1.1-46), dyslipidemia (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.7) and metabolic syndrome (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6). Hyperuricemia and overweight or obesity significantly predict changes in cardiovascular risk metabolic parameters (Wilks' l=0.91, F (6.175)=3.1, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with metabolic alterations and different CRF.
INTRODUCCIÓN: La hiperuricemia es un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, pero su impacto no ha sido bien documentado. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto de la hiperuricemia en los parámetros metabólicos y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mexicanos aparentemente sanos. MÉTODO: Estudio trasversal de 768 adultos jóvenes. Se buscó asociación de la hiperuricemia con alteraciones de los parámetros metabólicos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión, dislipidemia mixta y síndrome metabólico). Se aplicaron modelos loglineales y de regresión para determinar la influencia de la hiperuricemia. Se aplicó análisis multivariado de varianza para observar la interacción de la hiperuricemia y el sobrepeso u obesidad en los cambios de los parámetros metabólicos. RESULTADOS: Los parámetros metabólicos fueron mayores en los individuos con hiperuricemia que con ácido úrico normal (< 0.05). La hiperuricemia se asoció significativamente con hipertensión (RM = 6.8, IC 95 % = 1.1-46), dislipidemia (RM = 2.5, IC 95 % = 1.3-4.7) y síndrome metabólico (RM = 2.3, IC 95 % = 1.1-4.6). La hiperuricemia y el sobrepeso u obesidad predicen significativamente los cambios en los parámetros metabólicos de riesgo cardiovascular (l de Wilks = 0.91, F [6.175] = 3.1, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONES: La hiperuricemia está asociada significativamente con las alteraciones metabólicas y los distintos factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hyperuricemia/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dyslipidemias/etiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Hyperuricemia/epidemiology , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/complications , Overweight/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La hiperuricemia es un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, pero su impacto no ha sido bien documentado. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la hiperuricemia en los parámetros metabólicos y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mexicanos aparentemente sanos. Método: Estudio trasversal de 768 adultos jóvenes. Se buscó asociación de la hiperuricemia con alteraciones de los parámetros metabólicos y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (hipertensión, dislipidemia mixta y síndrome metabólico). Se aplicaron modelos loglineales y de regresión para determinar la influencia de la hiperuricemia. Se aplicó análisis multivariado de varianza para observar la interacción de la hiperuricemia y el sobrepeso u obesidad en los cambios de los parámetros metabólicos. Resultados: Los parámetros metabólicos fueron mayores en los individuos con hiperuricemia que con ácido úrico normal (< 0.05). La hiperuricemia se asoció significativamente con hipertensión (RM = 6.8, IC 95 % = 1.1-46), dislipidemia (RM = 2.5, IC 95 % = 1.3-4.7) y síndrome metabólico (RM = 2.3, IC 95 % = 1.1-4.6). La hiperuricemia y el sobrepeso u obesidad predicen significativamente los cambios en los parámetros metabólicos de riesgo cardiovascular (l de Wilks = 0.91, F [6.175] = 3.1, p = 0.007). Conclusiones: La hiperuricemia está asociada significativamente con las alteraciones metabólicas y los distintos factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Abstract Introduction: Hyperuricemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its impact has not been properly documented. Objective: To assess the impact of hyperuricemia on metabolic parameters and cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) in apparently healthy Mexicans. Method: Cross-sectional study of 768 young adults. Association of hyperuricemia with alterations in metabolic parameters and CRF (hypertension, mixed dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome) was sought. Log-linear and regression models were used to determine the influence of hyperuricemia. A multivariate analysis of variance was applied to observe the interaction of hyperuricemia and overweight or obesity with changes in metabolic parameters. Results: Metabolic parameters were higher in patients with hyperuricemia than with normal uric acid (all < 0.05). Hyperuricemia was significantly associated with hypertension (OR=6.8, 95 % CI: 1.1-46), dyslipidemia (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.3-4.7) and metabolic syndrome (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.1-4.6). Hyperuricemia and overweight or obesity significantly predict changes in cardiovascular risk metabolic parameters (Wilks l=0.91, F (6.175)=3.1, p=0.007). Conclusions: Hyperuricemia is significantly associated with metabolic alterations and different CRF.
