Effect of a Diet Supplemented with Sphingomyelin and Probiotics on Colon Cancer Development in Mice.

Previous studies have reported that dietary sphingomyelin could inhibit early stages of colon cancer. Lactic acid-producing bacteria have also been associated with an amelioration of cancer symptoms. However, little is known about the potential beneficial effects of the combined administration of both sphingomyelin and lactic acid-producing bacteria. This article analyzes the effect of a diet supplemented with a combination of the probiotics Lacticaseibacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum (108 CFU/ml) and sphingomyelin (0.05%) on mice with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into 3 groups: one healthy group (group C) and two groups with DMH-induced cancer, one fed a standard diet (group D) and the other fed a diet supplemented with sphingomyelin and probiotics (DS). The number of aberrant crypt foci, marker of colon cancer development, was lower in the DS. The dietary supplementation with the synbiotic reversed the cancer-induced impairment of galactose uptake in enterocyte brush-border-membrane vesicles. These results confirm the beneficial effects of the synbiotic on the intestinal physiology of colon cancer mice and contribute to the understanding of the possible mechanisms involved.

Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus gasseri in Combination with Quercetin Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Development in ApcMin/+ Mice.

Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf) and Lactobacillus gasseri (Lg) could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our study investigated the role of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg) along with quercetin in the development of mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia (ApcMin/+) mice were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg strains, 107 CFU/100 g food) or both probiotics strains plus microencapsulated quercetin (15 mg/100 g food) for 73 days. Changes in body and organ weights, energy metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and colon tissue were determined. The expression of genes related to the Wnt pathway was also analyzed in colon samples. Results: Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics or microencapsulated probiotics plus quercetin reduced body weight loss and intestinal bleeding in ApcMin/+ mice. An improvement in energy expenditure was observed after 8 weeks but not after 10 weeks of treatment. A supplemented diet with microencapsulated Bf and Lg reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas by 45% and 60%, respectively, whereas the supplementation with Bf, Lg and quercetin decreased the number of ACF and adenomas by 57% and 80%, respectively. Microencapsulated Bf and Lg in combination with quercetin could exert inhibition of the canonical Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway in the colon of ApcMin/+ mice Conclusions: The administration of microencapsulated Bf and Lg, individually or in combination with quercetin, inhibits the CRC development in ApcMin/+ mice.

Efecto del plasma autógeno rico en plaquetas sobre el infarto de miocardio en ovejas / Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on heart infarction in sheep

Objetivo: El infarto de miocardio es la causa más común de fallo cardíaco congestivo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar, en el animal de experimentación, los efectos morfológicos e histológicos de la implantación de plasma autógeno rico en plaquetas en el corazón de ovejas previamente infartadas. Métodos: Se utilizaron 24 ovejas lacha hembras, en las que se produjo quirúrgicamente un infarto agudo de miocardio, mediante toracotomía izquierda y ligadura permanente de 2 arterias coronarias (primera y segunda diagonal). Tras la ligadura de las arterias coronarias 3 ovejas fallecieron por fibrilación ventricular. Pasadas 3 semanas de la ligadura coronaria, las ovejas fueron reoperadas por esternotomía media vertical. En 6 de ellas (grupo control) se inyectó suero fisiológico en la zona del infarto. En 15 se inyectó gel plaquetario. Todas las ovejas fueron sacrificadas a las 9 semanas de evolución de la segunda cirugía. Resultados: En los corazones tratados con plasma rico en factores de crecimiento (PRGF) destaca la neoformación vascular en los cortes de hematoxilina-eosina y de factor VIII, a diferencia de los no tratados. Conclusiones: La inyección de factores de crecimiento plaquetarios, PRGF, en el corazón de ovejas previamente infartadas favorece la mitogénesis y la angiogénesis. El uso de PRGF autógeno es sencillo y seguro, no provocando toxicidad ni desencadenando reacciones inmunológicas ni inflamatorias.

Objective: Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of congestive heart failure. The objective of this work is to evaluate, in experimental animals, morphological and histological effects of the implantation of autologous platelet-rich plasma in infarcted heart sheep. Methods: Twenty-four ewes were used, they were surgically infarcted through left thoracotomy and two coronary arteries were ligated (first and second diagonal). After coronary artery ligation three sheep died of ventricular fibrillation. Three weeks after coronary ligation, sheep were reoperated through median sternotomy. Normal saline solution was injected in the infarcted zone in 6 of them (control group) whereas platelet gel was injected in 15 of them. All sheep were euthanized at 9 weeks of evolution of the second surgery. Results: Noteworthy is the formation of new vessels in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and factor VIII in plasma rich in growth-factors (PRGF)-treated hearts. Conclusions: Injection of platelet growth factors, PRGF, in previously infarcted sheep hearts promotes mitogenesis and angiogenesis. The use of autologous PRGF is simple and safe, causing no toxicity or immune-inflammatory reactions.

[Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on heart infarction in sheep]. / Efecto del plasma autógeno rico en plaquetas sobre el infarto de miocardio en ovejas.

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial infarction is the most common cause of congestive heart failure. The objective of this work is to evaluate, in experimental animals, morphological and histological effects of the implantation of autologous platelet-rich plasma in infarcted heart sheep. METHODS: Twenty-four ewes were used, they were surgically infarcted through left thoracotomy and two coronary arteries were ligated (first and second diagonal). After coronary artery ligation three sheep died of ventricular fibrillation. Three weeks after coronary ligation, sheep were reoperated through median sternotomy. Normal saline solution was injected in the infarcted zone in 6 of them (control group) whereas platelet gel was injected in 15 of them. All sheep were euthanized at 9 weeks of evolution of the second surgery. RESULTS: Noteworthy is the formation of new vessels in hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections and factor viii in plasma rich in growth-factors (PRGF)-treated hearts. CONCLUSIONS: Injection of platelet growth factors, PRGF, in previously infarcted sheep hearts promotes mitogenesis and angiogenesis. The use of autologous PRGF is simple and safe, causing no toxicity or immune-inflammatory reactions.

Prognostic value of clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical factors in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia.

Bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an inflammatory and fibrosing disease involving the distal bronchioles, bronchiolar ducts, and alveoli. We studied 91 patients with BOOP. Univariate analysis was used to relate age, sex, smoking, morphology, and expression of immunohistochemical markers CD68, D2-40, CD31, CD34, collagen IV, collagen III, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) with the response to corticosteroid therapy. Seventy-two patients had idiopathic BOOP and 19 secondary BOOP. The median age of the patients was 59.54 years. Most patients were current or former smokers. All cases had a patchy lesion consisting of small buds of fibromyxoid tissue in small bronchioles, bronchiolar ducts, and alveoli. The buds contained collagen and reticulin fibers, fibroblasts, macrophages, mononuclear inflammatory cells, and vessels in different proportions. We found no morphologic differences between primary and secondary BOOP. Patients younger than 38 years and nonsmokers had a significant good response to corticosteroid therapy. Favorable morphologic predictors were the presence of large bronchial plugs and mild inflammatory reaction (P = .093). By immunohistochemistry, the presence of collagen IV with the absence of collagen III, CD68-positive cells and positive VEGF were associated with a good response to corticosteroid therapy. We conclude that age, smoking, localization, and extension of proliferative intrabronchiolar plugs and positive immunostains for CD68, VEGF, and collagen IV with negative collagen III were useful to predict response to corticosteroid therapy and relapse.

Metastatic meningioma: The role of whole­body diffusion-weighted imaging.

We report the case of a 74-year-old male patient with a completely resected anaplastic meningioma who developed multiple metastases two years later (subcutaneous tissue near the surgical area, cervical lymph nodes, lung, pleura and bones). The primary tumor and all of the metastases showed a significant restricted diffusion. Whole­body diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed for assessment of the metastases. This case demonstrated the usefulness of this technique in screening extracranial metastases in patients with malignant meningiomas.

[Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles]. / Adenocarcinoma primario de vesículas seminales.

OBJECTIVES: To report one case of primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles. METHODS/RESULTS: We report the case of a 69-year-old man with obstructive voiding symptoms. Digital rectal examination reveals a marked enlargement of posterior area of the prostate and surrounding tissues. Transrectal needle biopsy shows a primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles. CONCLUSION: Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles is an extremely uncommon neoplasm that is often difficult to diagnose as it has in specific morphology and can be confused with other primary adenocarcinomas from prostate, bladder or colon.

Adenocarcinoma primario de vesículas seminales / Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles

OBJETIVOS: Presentar un caso de adenocarcinoma primario de vesícula seminal.MÉTODO/RESULTADOS: Varón de 69 años con síntomas de uropatía obstructiva, que presenta al tacto rectal un agrandamiento del área posterior de la próstata y tejidos adyacentes. La biopsia transrectal revela un adenocarcinoma papilar primario de vesículas seminales.CONCLUSIÓN: El adenocarcinoma primario de vesículas seminales es una neoplasia extremadamente infrecuente, que es de difícil diagnóstico tanto por su morfología inespecífica como por su localización, dado que se puede confundir con otros adenocarcinomas primarios como de la próstata, vejiga o recto(AU)

OBJECTIVES:To report one case of primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles.METHODS/ RESULTS: We report the case of a 69-year-old man with obstructive voiding symptoms. Digital rectal examination reveals a marked enlargement of posterior area of the prostate and surrounding tissues. Transrectal needle biopsy shows a primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles.CONCLUSION: Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicles is an extremely uncommon neoplasm that is often difficult to diagnose as it has inespecific morphology and can be confused with other primary adenocarcinomas from prostate, bladder or colon(AU)

Large cell carcinoma of the lung: an endangered species?

This study aims to evaluate large cell carcinomas (LCC) of the lung with a panel of immunohistochemical markers in an attempt to identify tumors belonging to other categories. We analyzed a tissue microarray platform of 101 LCC with a panel of 31 monoclonal antibodies. The tumors were 82 (81.3%) classic LCC, 7 (6.9%) neuroendocrine LCC, 6 (5.9%) lymphoepithelioma-like LCC, 3 (2.9%) basaloid LCC, 2 (2%) clear cell LCC, and 1 (1%) LCC with rhabdoid phenotype. Characteristic classic LCC immunophenotype was loss of staining with CK5/6, CK14 positive in most squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), lack of MOC 31 positive in most adenocarcinomas, and positive immunoreactivity to EGFR, PDGFR-alpha and c-kit. 27 of 82 classic LCC (32.9%) were re-classified as adenocarcinomas, because they coexpressed TTF-1, CK7, and CK19, and were negative for p63. 31 (37.8%) of 82 classic LCC were reclassified as poorly differentiated SCC, based on their immunoreactivity with 34betaE12, p63, thrombomodulin, and CD44v6. 16 (19.5%) of 82 classic LCC correspond to undifferentiated adenosquamous carcinomas, since they displayed conflicting immunostaining for markers of both SCC and adenocarcinomas. The use of 7 immunohistochemical markers, consisting of TTF-1, CK7, CK19, p63, 34betaE12, thrombomodulin, and CD44v6, markedly reduces dramatically to less than 10%, the number of classic LCC by readily identifying cases of poorly differentiated SCCs, adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinomas.

Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung with a distinct morphology, immunohistochemistry, and comparative genomic hybridization profile.

We report 4 cases of pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung, which has clinical and microscopic features similar to malignant mesothelioma, but with ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics suggestive of a histogenesis from type II pneumocytes. Neoplasm grows as a diffuse or solid pattern of large polygonal cells with sharply defined borders. Hale's colloidal iron is positive in the cytoplasm of small groups of cells and, focally, in some intercellular spaces. Ultrastructure showed short microvilli in the surface. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, podoplanin, mesothelin, pan-cytokeratin, CK-7, CK-19, Ber-EP4, epithelial membrane antigen, apoprotein surfactant A, epidermal growth factor receptor, Leu-M1, carcinoembryonic antigen, E-cadherin, and CD-44 and negative for mesothelioma markers thrombomodulin and calretinin. In some areas, there were small cysts which contained a concentric fibrilar basophilic material apoprotein surfactant A positive. Chromosomal imbalances with comparative genomic hybridization technique were identified with a median of 15 abnormalities per case (range, 1-26): 51 gains, 6 losses, and 1 high-level amplification. The most frequent aberrations among the cases were gains on chromosomes regions 1q, 3q, 5p, 8q, 16p, and 18q and losses in 17p11-13 and 17q 22-q25. High-level amplifications were detected on 7p13-p21. In all cases, there was a characteristic association between the gains on 16p and those on 18q. The 4 cases resulted in death in less than 14 months, in spite of complete surgery and chemotherapy in 2 cases. Our aim is to complement the current understanding of this pseudomesotheliomatous "pneumocytic" carcinoma and alert pathologists to this rare entity to avoid misdiagnosis.

Incidental findings in negative sentinel lymph nodes of patients with malignant melanoma: report of three cases.

We present three cases of benign SLN that were clinically suspicious for involvement by metastatic melanoma and where found to be involved with other diseases or deposits previously unknown.

Tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas simulador de pseudoquiste pancreático: descripción de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Solid pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas: case report and review of the literature

Introducción: El tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas es un tumor quístico extremadamente infrecuente que se presenta, casi con exclusividad, en mujeres jóvenes. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de una mujer de 28 años que presenta una tumoración bien delimitada quística con áreas sólidas en cola de páncreas de 6,5 cm. Se le practica pancreatectomía distal. El estudio anatomopatológico evidenció que se trataba de un tumor sólido pseudopapilar de páncreas. Discusión: Estos tumores presentan una morfología muy característica con áreas papilares mezcladas con zonas sólidas que dejan quistes irregulares entremezclados con una variable cantidad de necrosis intraquística. Son tumores que, en general se clasifican dentro de los tumores quísticos de páncreas aunque todavía no está muy claro ni su origen ni su clasificación. Es muy importante su identificación dado su excelente pronóstico tras la cirugía, que resulta curativa en la mayoría de los casos

Introduction: Solid pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas is extremely unusual and almost exclusively encountered in young females. Case presentation: We report the case of a 28 year old female with a well defined 6.5 cm tumor in the distal pancreas. A distal pancreatectomy is performed. Histologically, the lesion shows the typical morphology of a solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas. Discussion: This tumor tipically presents papillary and solid areas admixed with cystic changes, and with a variable amount of intracystic necrosis. It is classified as a pancreatic cystic tumor although is not yet clear either the origin or the real classification of the tumor. It is important to identify this tumor because of its excellent prognosis after excision that is almost curative in all cases

Linfomas MALT gástricos. Evaluación de las alteraciones morfológicas asociadas de la mucosa gástrica / Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (malt) lymphomas of the stomach: evaluation of the accompanying morphological alterations of the gastric mucosa

Se estudiaron los linfomas gástricos para intentar identificar características que ayuden a distinguir entre linfomas MALT, linfomas MALT transformados en difusos de alto grado (LMTAG) y linfomas difusos de células grandes B no asociados a linfomas MALT (LDCGB). Se revisó la morfología de 78 lesiones gástricas linfoproliferativas primarias (29 linfomas MALT, 28 LMTAG y 21 LDCGB) y posteriormente se clasificaron histológica e inmunofenotípicamente. La apoptosis se estudió por el método TUNEL y se evaluó el reordenamiento monoclonal de genes por PCR. Las características morfológicas asociadas estadísticamente al diagnóstico de linfoma MALT fueron: infiltración reactiva del estrato superior de la mucosa por células plasmáticas, infección por Helicobacter pylori, lesiones linfoepiteliales, ausencia de dilatación vascular y bajos índices de mitosis y apoptosis. Grupos de más de 15 inmunoblastos con diferenciación plasmocitoide, dilatación vascular y altos índices mitóticos y apoptósicos se asociaron estadísticamente a linfomas gástricos de alto grado. La infiltración eosinofílica se asoció con más frecuencia a LMTAG. La morfología puede ser de ayuda para el diagnóstico diferencial de estos tres subtipos de linfomas gástricos, especialmente cuando las muestras son pequeñas o no están bien preservadas (AU)