ABSTRACT
These findings from focus groups explore attitudes, beliefs, perspectives, and experiences relevant to workplace sexual harassment (WSH) among men and women farmworkers in California, USA, and Michoacán, Mexico. Focus groups are stratified by country and gender, with two in California (10 men and 10 women) and two in Michoacán (8 men and 5 women). This community-based participatory research includes Community Advisory Boards (CABs) consisting of farmworkers, academicians, non-profit organizations, attorneys, industry personnel, and community leaders who took part in strategy and the development of materials. Themes are related to the experience of, responses to, and farmworkers' recommendations for prevention of WSH. Although men and women faced WSH, women's experiences were more severe and frequent. Participants condemned WSH as contrary to principles of caballerosidad, cortesía, respeto - cultural values promoting respect for others and protection for vulnerable persons. Participants endorsed the notion that women are responsible for WSH. Although farmworkers try to resolve WSH on their own with help from co-workers, family, and leadership, they face significant barriers that silence victims and allow WSH to persist. All farmworkers recommended that management set a good example and enforce consequences for offenders. Implications include directly appealing to cultural values (emphasizing respect), incorporating bystander education, and countering the myth that women are responsible for WSH in workplace training. WSH is a recognized occupational hazard that affects all directly or indirectly exposed workers. We emphasize that employers are ultimately responsible for their workers' safety, supported by a governmental regulatory role. Enforcement of existing policy is needed in California , whereas awareness and policy development is needed in Michoacán. These findings will support the researchers, agricultural community, educators, and organizations working to prevent WSH.
Subject(s)
Farmers , Sexual Harassment , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico , Mothers , Spouses , WorkplaceABSTRACT
Introduction In order to understand what is happening with adolescents' emotional lives, this research analyzed factors associated with depressive symptomatology taking into account their personal, social and family resources and the experience of migration on their family. Material and methods The sample included 360 adolescents (50.6% women and 49.4% men; mean age=13.5, SD=.68) from ten different regions of Michoacan, Mexico. The instruments were CES-D-R (a=.93), Affective Resources Scale (a=.82), Social Resources Scale (a=.77), and Family Resources Scale (a=.81). The tests were performed in the classroom, with the agreement of the participants. Results A linear regression analysis was used. The main result was that 42% of variance of depressive symptomatology is explained by risk and protection factors. The risk factors were being a woman, difficulties in sadness management and in anger management, and inability to ask for help to the social support networks and migration of the mother. The protective factors were self-control and expression in the family. Conclusions The affective, social and family resources should be strengthened to promote wellbeing in adolescents.
Introducción Con la intención de comprender qué está pasando con la vida emocional de los adolescentes, esta investigación pretende identificar los factores asociados con la sintomatología depresiva tomando en cuenta los recursos individuales, familiares y sociales, así como la experiencia de migración en la familia. Material y métodos La muestra fue seleccionada por cuota con un número equivalente de participantes de cada una de las diez regiones socioeconómicas de Michoacán. En total participaron 360 estudiantes del segundo grado de secundaria (50.6% mujeres y 49.4% hombres), con una edad promedio de 13.5 años. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos: CES-D-R (a=.93), Escala de Recursos Afectivos (a=.82), Escala de Recursos Sociales (a=.77); y para medir los recursos familiares se utilizó la Escala de Evaluación de Interrelaciones Familiares [ERI] con una consistencia interna de a=.81. Se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple lineal. Resultados El resultado central fue que el 42% de la varianza de la sintomatología depresiva puede explicarse por los siguientes factores de riesgo y de protección. Entre los factores de riesgo se encuentran: ser mujer, las dificultades para manejar la tristeza y el enojo, así como la incapacidad para buscar ayuda con la red de apoyo social y la migración de la madre. Como factores de protección están: el autocontrol y la expresión en la familia. Conclusiones Por lo tanto, los recursos individuales, familiares y sociales deben fortalecerse para promover un mayor estado de bienestar psicosocial en los adolescentes.
