ABSTRACT
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is frequently related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Its malignant capacity is attributed to disruption of an EBV-host balance influenced by environmental and genetic drivers. EBV structures activate Type I interferon (IFN) pathway of the innate immunity, therefore, genetic polymorphisms could influence this response. We explored the impact of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on EBV-associated cHL susceptibility. Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9_rs5743836), and 3 (TLR3_rs3775291), Interleukin-28B (IL28B_rs12979860), and DEAD-box polypeptide 58 (DDX58_rs10813831) were genotyped in 73 EBV-positive and 106 EBV-negative cHL patients and 396 controls. Only DDX58_rs10813831 T-allele was decreased among EBV-positive cHL compared to controls. A stratified analysis in EBV-positive cHL showed that the reduced rate was associated with younger age and nodular sclerosis. In conclusion, DDX58_rs10813831 T-allele may be associated with a reduced risk of nodular sclerosis EBV-related cHL, which suggests a role for RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I), encoded by DDX58, in these cases.
Subject(s)
Alleles , DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics , Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications , Herpesvirus 4, Human , Hodgkin Disease/etiology , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Cell Transformation, Viral , DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Hodgkin Disease/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Receptors, Immunologic , Sclerosis , Young AdultABSTRACT
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We investigated the impact of VEGFA gene diversity on the clinical outcome of patients with this disease. A VEGFA haplotype conformed by positions rs699947 (-1540C>A), rs833061 (-460T>C) and rs2010963 (405C>G) and two additional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3025039 (936C>T) and rs25648 (1032C>T), were analysed in 239 patients at the time of their CLL diagnosis. Here, we showed that homozygosity for rs699947/rs833061/rs2010963 ACG haplotype (ACG+/+ genotype) correlated with a reduced survival in CLL patients (ACG+/+ vs other genotypes: HRâ=â2.3, pâ=â0.002; recessive model). In multivariate analysis, the ACG+/+ genotype was identified as a novel independent prognostic factor (HRâ=â2.1, pâ=â0.005). Moreover, ACG homozygosity subdivided patients with CLL with otherwise indolent parameters into prognostic subgroups with different outcomes. Specifically, patients carrying the ACG+/+ genotype with mutated IgVH, very low and low-risk cytogenetics, initial clinical stage, CD38 negative status or early age at diagnosis showed a shorter survival (ACG+/+ vs other genotypes: HRâ=â3.5, pâ=â0.035; HRâ=â3.4, pâ=â0.001; HRâ=â2.2, pâ=â0.035; HRâ=â3.4, pâ=â0.0001 and HRâ=â3.1, pâ=â0.009, respectively). In conclusion, VEGFA ACG+/+ genotype confers an adverse effect in overall survival in CLL patients with an indolent course of the disease. These observations support the biological and prognostic implications of VEGFA genetics in CLL.
