Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 47
Filter
1.
Breastfeed Med ; 9(9): 458-66, 2014 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25188544

ABSTRACT

AIM: This study investigated if a process-oriented training for health professionals will influence women's use and reasons for using a nipple shield, the baby's weight, and the duration of breastfeeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An intervention was performed for health professionals that included a process-oriented training program on breastfeeding support. Primiparas living in either the intervention municipality or in a control municipality were asked to participate in a longitudinal study to evaluate the care given. Data collection for control group A (CGA) (n=162) started before the intervention was initiated. Data for control group B (CGB) (n=172) were collected simultaneously with those for the intervention group (IG) (n=206). The mothers responded to questionnaires at 3 days, at 3 months, and at 9 months postpartum. RESULTS: The mothers' use of nipple shields related to the finding that if the women had a higher body mass index in the beginning of the pregnancy, the babies had difficulty in grasping over the nipple, and the mothers had pain or wound on the nipple. For the mothers in the IG group, there was no significant difference if they had used nipple shields or not in relation to breastfeeding duration. In contrast, the mothers in the control groups had a significant shorter breastfeeding duration if they had used nipple shields. In the IG, there were no significant difference between the use of nipple shields and the babies' weights at 3 or 9 months. The babies of women in the CGB who used nipple shields had a significantly lower weight at 3 months than the babies of those who did not use nipple shields (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: A process-oriented training in breastfeeding counseling prolongs the duration of breastfeeding for women with breastfeeding problems, where the problems are remedied by the use of nipple shields.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding/adverse effects , Mothers , Nipples , Pain/prevention & control , Protective Devices , Weight Gain , Adult , Female , Health Personnel , Health Promotion , Humans , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Patient Satisfaction , Postnatal Care , Protective Devices/statistics & numerical data , Sucking Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Time Factors
2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 9(382): 838-47, 2013 Apr 17.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23667974

ABSTRACT

The 2012 Swiss consensus paper on diagnosis and management of patients suffering from dementia resulted from the work of an expert panel who met on March 23d to 25th in Luzem. Based on a literature review, panel members wrote a first draft that was subsequently circulated among multiple dementia experts in Switzerland. After adaptation and revisions according to comments, all consulted dementia specialists and panel members fully endorse the consensus content. The conference was financed by the Swiss Alzheimer Forum.


Subject(s)
Dementia/diagnosis , Dementia/therapy , Consensus , Humans , Switzerland
3.
Transl Psychiatry ; 2: e196, 2012 Nov 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23168996

ABSTRACT

A dysregulated immune system influencing pathways for cytokine regulation and growth factor expression is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and growth factors with an ultra-sensitive immunoassay system in 43 medication-free suicide attempters and 20 healthy male volunteers. CSF vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CSF interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were significantly lower in suicide attempters compared with healthy controls. Further, CSF VEGF showed a significant negative correlation with depression severity. CSF IL-6 levels did not differ between suicide attempters and healthy controls. Low CSF levels of VEGF may represent a lack of trophic support to neurons and downregulation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus reflecting more severe depressive states. IL-8 has also been reported as important in neuroprotection as well as having chemokine activity in the innate immune response. The results support a role for an impaired innate immunity and dysregulation of neuroprotection in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior.


Subject(s)
Depression , Interleukin-6/cerebrospinal fluid , Interleukin-8/cerebrospinal fluid , Self-Injurious Behavior , Suicide, Attempted , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/cerebrospinal fluid , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Depression/cerebrospinal fluid , Depression/immunology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Self-Injurious Behavior/cerebrospinal fluid , Self-Injurious Behavior/immunology
5.
Praxis (Bern 1994) ; 101(7): 451-64, 2012 Mar 28.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22454307

ABSTRACT

Memory Clinics provide evidence based diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Whenever a diagnosis of dementia is made, it is important to inform the patients about the possible impact of dementia on driving. Patients and their next of kin require competent advice whenever this difficult question is addressed and the mobility desire and the risks related to driving need to be carefully weight up. The time of diagnosis does not necessarily equate to the time when a person with dementia becomes an unsafe driver. The cause and severity of dementia, comorbidities and the current medication need to be carefully taken into account for this decision. On behalf of the association of the Swiss Memory Clinics, a group of experts has developed recommendations to assess fitness to drive in cognitively impaired older adults.


Subject(s)
Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control , Automobile Driving/legislation & jurisprudence , Automobile Driving/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence , Aged , Algorithms , Dementia/diagnosis , Disability Evaluation , Humans , Mass Screening , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Patient Education as Topic , Physician-Patient Relations , Presbyopia/diagnosis , Presbyopia/psychology , Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects , Psychotropic Drugs/therapeutic use , Risk Assessment , Switzerland
6.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 14(2): 136-9, 2010 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20126962

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To establish, in collaboration with national Alzheimer Societies in Europe, practical and consensual recommendations for the end-of-life care of people with dementia. The aim of these recommendations is to provide a basis for understanding and action with regard to end-of-life care not only for family caregivers but also for professionals, policy makers and anyone with an interest in palliative care. DESIGN: A literature review was carried out by Alzheimer Europe in collaboration with a working group comprised of people from different backgrounds such as family caregivers, physicians, palliative care nurses and members of Alzheimer associations, who also prepared the draft recommendations during 4 sessions. These recommendations were then discussed with external experts and sent to Alzheimer Europe's member associations to be broadly discussed within their countries until a consensus was reached. SETTING: Alzheimer Europe is an umbrella association of European Alzheimer societies with 34 member associations in 30 different countries. SUBJECTS: Not applicable. METHODS: Literature review, workshops, dissemination by e-mail and during conferences, consensus finding. RESULTS: At the end of 2008, Alzheimer Europe prepared written recommendations on good end-of-life care for people with dementia. We are aware that this topic is challenging and that there is therefore a need for further discussion. CONCLUSION: In this article we aim to present these recommendations and to invite professionals to consider these important issues and to contribute towards a broader discussion.


Subject(s)
Dementia/therapy , Palliative Care/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Terminal Care/standards , Advance Directives , Caregivers/psychology , Dementia/psychology , Europe , Humans , Quality of Life
7.
Cerebrovasc Dis ; 24(1): 74-9, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17519547

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Data on post-stroke depression in aphasia are scarce. METHODS: Eighty-nine acute stroke patients with aphasia of all types were followed for 6 months to investigate if depression can be reliably diagnosed (DSM-IV criteria) and validly assessed by the verbal Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and a global technique (Clinical Global Impressions Rating Scale for Severity). A standard aphasia test was performed. RESULTS: In 60 patients (67%) at baseline and in 100% at 6 months, comprehension allowed a reliable DSM-IV diagnosis. Among these patients MADRS was feasible in 95% at baseline and in 100% at 6 months. The assistance of relatives and staff increases the feasibility and decreases the validity. Depression was identified in 24% during the 6 months. CONCLUSION: Depression diagnosis and severity rating can reliably be made in the acute phase in at least two thirds of aphasic patients, and feasibility increases over time.


Subject(s)
Aphasia/complications , Depression/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Stroke/complications , Verbal Behavior , Acute Disease , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aphasia/etiology , Aphasia/psychology , Depression/etiology , Emotions , Feasibility Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Recovery of Function , Reproducibility of Results , Severity of Illness Index , Stroke/psychology , Time Factors
8.
Eur J Health Econ ; 8(1): 67-76, 2007 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17165073

ABSTRACT

We investigated medical resource consumption, productivity loss and costs associated with patients treated with antidepressants for depression in primary care in Sweden. Patients on treatment for depression were followed naturalistically for six-months, and data on patients' characteristics, daily activity and resource-use were collected. The total cost per patient was estimated at euro 5,500 (95%CI euro 5,000-6,100) over six months in 2005 prices. Direct costs were estimated at euro 1,900 (euro 1,700-2,200), 35% of total costs, and indirect costs at euro 3,600 (euro 3,100-4,100), 65% of total costs. The cost for antidepressants represented only 4% of the total costs. We conclude that the burden of depression is high, both to the individual as well as to wider society, and there seems to be a particular need for therapies that have the potential to improve productivity in depressed patients.


Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Depression/economics , Depression/therapy , Health Services/economics , Primary Health Care/organization & administration , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antidepressive Agents/economics , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Comorbidity , Costs and Cost Analysis , Female , Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Health Status , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Primary Health Care/economics , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Sweden , Young Adult
9.
Gastroenterology ; 118(6): 1051-60, 2000 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10833480

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The duodenum is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-expressing epithelium with high bicarbonate secretory capacity. We aimed to define the role of CFTR in human duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion in normal (NL) subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS: Endoscopic biopsy specimens of the duodenal bulb were obtained from 9 CF patients and 16 volunteers. Tissues were mounted in modified Ussing chambers. Bicarbonate secretion and short-circuit current (Isc) were quantitated under basal conditions and in response to dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (db-cAMP), carbachol, and the heat-stable toxin of Escherichia coli (STa). Duodenocytes were also isolated and loaded with the pH-sensitive fluoroprobe BCECF/AM, and intracellular pH (pH(i)) was measured at rest and after intracellular acidification and alkalinization. RESULTS: Basal HCO(3)(-) secretion and Isc were significantly lower in the CF vs. NL duodenal mucosa. In contrast to NL, db-cAMP failed to alter either HCO(3)(-) or Isc in CF tissues. However, in CF, carbachol resulted in an electroneutral HCO(3)(-) secretion, whereas STa induced electrogenic HCO(3)(-) secretion that was similar to NL. In CF and NL duodenocytes, basal pH(i) and recovery from an acid load were comparable, but pH(i) recovery after an alkaline load in CF duodenocytes was Cl(-) dependent, whereas in NL duodenocytes it was Cl(-) independent. CONCLUSIONS: These findings implicate CFTR in NL duodenal alkaline transport and its absence in CF. Although duodenal bicarbonate secretion is impaired in CF tissues, alternate pathway(s) likely exist that can be activated by carbachol and STa.


Subject(s)
Cystic Fibrosis/metabolism , Cystic Fibrosis/pathology , Duodenum/metabolism , Enterocytes/metabolism , Intestinal Absorption/physiology , Acid-Base Equilibrium/physiology , Acids/metabolism , Adult , Alkalies/metabolism , Ammonium Chloride/pharmacology , Antiporters/metabolism , Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology , Bicarbonates/metabolism , Biological Transport/drug effects , Biological Transport/physiology , Biopsy , Bucladesine/pharmacology , Carbachol/pharmacology , Chloride-Bicarbonate Antiporters , Chlorides/metabolism , Cholinergic Agonists/pharmacology , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism , Duodenum/pathology , Enterocytes/chemistry , Enterocytes/pathology , Enterotoxins/pharmacology , Escherichia coli Proteins , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Male , Middle Aged , Propionates/pharmacology
11.
J Cell Sci ; 112 ( Pt 6): 887-94, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10036238

ABSTRACT

cAMP activated insertion of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels from endosomes to the apical plasma membrane has been hypothesized to regulate surface expression and CFTR function although the physiologic relevance of this remains unclear. We previously identified a subpopulation of small intestinal villus epithelial cells or CFTR high expressor (CHE) cells possessing very high levels of apical membrane CFTR in association with a prominent subapical vesicular pool of CFTR. We have examined the subcellular redistribution of CFTR in duodenal CHE cells in vivo in response to the cAMP activated secretagogue vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Using anti-CFTR antibodies against the C terminus of rodent CFTR and indirect immunofluorescence, we show by quantitative confocal microscopy that CFTR rapidly redistributes from the cytoplasm to the apical surface upon cAMP stimulation by VIP and returns to the cytoplasm upon removal of VIP stimulation of intracellular cAMP levels. Using ultrastructural and confocal immunofluorescence examination in the presence or absence of cycloheximide, we also show that redistribution was not dependent on new protein synthesis, changes in endocytosis, or rearrangement of the apical cytoskeleton. These observations suggest that physiologic cAMP activated apical membrane insertion and recycling of CFTR channels in normal CFTR expressing epithelia contributes to the in vivo regulation of CFTR mediated anion transport.


Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/physiology , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/physiology , Intestinal Mucosa/ultrastructure , Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Membrane/ultrastructure , Cyclic AMP/metabolism , Cycloheximide/pharmacology , Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator/genetics , Cytoplasm/physiology , Duodenum , Endocytosis/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Male , Microscopy, Immunoelectron , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Up-Regulation/drug effects
12.
West J Med ; 171(2): 102-5, 1999 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18751171
14.
Int J Technol Assess Health Care ; 12(4): 554-72, 1996.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9136467

ABSTRACT

Depression constitutes a considerable mental health problem. Depression is too often unrecognized or unproperly treated, which causes distress, social impairment, and increased risk of mortality for the individual, and large costs for society. However, several efficient treatment modalities and strategies exist. Different somatic antidepressant treatments for short- and long-term therapy and their respective quality-of-life and economic aspects will be presented and discussed.


Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/therapy , Adult , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Depressive Disorder/economics , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Phototherapy , Quality of Life
15.
Br J Orthod ; 23(3): 241-8, 1996 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8894157

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to test the accuracy of measurement methods for assessment of force and tooth movement in orthodontic procedures. Daily in vivo measurements of the force produced by activated archwires showed that the initial force declined substantially (by 20 per cent of mean value) within 3 days. Both the 'trueness' (validity) and precision of the force measurements, obtained with a strain gauge, were found to be high (SD values were 1.0 cN and 0.4 cN, respectively). Horizontal tooth movements were measured with three different instruments: a slide calliper, a co-ordinate measuring machine, and laser measuring equipment based on holograms. There was a good level of agreement between these methods. This was also confirmed by calibration data. The precision of the methods was (SD values) 0.06, 0.07, and 0.13 mm, respectively. The benefits of the use of the co-ordinate measuring machine are obvious, since it can measure tooth movements in relation to reference planes in all directions.


Subject(s)
Orthodontic Wires , Tooth Movement Techniques , Adolescent , Body Temperature , Calibration , Dental Stress Analysis/instrumentation , Holography , Humans , Humidity , Lasers , Malocclusion/pathology , Models, Dental , Mouth/physiology , Orthodontic Wires/statistics & numerical data , Reproducibility of Results , Stress, Mechanical , Time Factors , Tooth/pathology , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Tooth Movement Techniques/statistics & numerical data
17.
Biol Psychiatry ; 35(3): 179-89, 1994 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8173018

ABSTRACT

The effects of the anesthetic agents propofol and methohexital on seizure duration, clinical outcome, recovery, and memory in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were studied in a double-blind trial. The study comprised 53 patients, 47 patients with major depression and six patients with other diagnoses according to DSM-III. Several recent clinical studies with a crossover design have shown a reduced seizure duration for anesthesia with propofol in comparison with both methohexital and thiopental. Propofol significantly reduced the seizure duration in this study without reducing the therapeutic outcome as measured by the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Propofol did not significantly alter the length of the course of ECT; however, a slightly prolonged course for women cannot be completely ruled out. There were no significant differences between the two agents in effects on recovery times after anesthesia and on anterograde memory. In general, it seems that propofol is as effective as methohexital as an induction agent for ECT.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, General , Bipolar Disorder/therapy , Depressive Disorder/therapy , Electroconvulsive Therapy/methods , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Mental Recall/drug effects , Methohexital , Propofol , Psychotic Disorders/therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Arousal/drug effects , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Double-Blind Method , Evoked Potentials/drug effects , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychotic Disorders/psychology
18.
Clin Neuropharmacol ; 16 Suppl 3: S32-44, 1993.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8131153

ABSTRACT

Classic antidepressant drugs, amine uptake inhibitors of the imipramine type and the monoamine oxidase inhibitors, alter the functioning of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons in the brain. This discovery, made more than two decades ago, has had a profound impact on the study of depressive illness as well as on the development of new models of antidepressant treatment. Apart from their obvious clinical value, antidepressant drugs have come to be used as research tools to study the pathophysiology of depressive illness. A main goal in the development of antidepressant drugs has been to design drugs with more selective effects on the nerve cells that are thought to be important in depressive illness, thereby avoiding unnecessary side effects and possibly enhancing therapeutic effects. Drugs that selectively affect 5-HT neurons have proved to be uptake inhibitors--including fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, and citalopram--and are now available. All of them appear to have an antidepressant effect equivalent to standard reference compounds, with a different spectrum of side effects. One of the most interesting aspects of the serotonergic drugs is their broad spectrum of action, in particular, their effects in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and possibly some disorders of impulse control. There is still relatively little knowledge of which aspects of 5-HT function are important for the antidepressant, antiobsessive, and antipanic effects. The availability of drugs that selectively affect the different 5-HT receptors, such as the partial 5-HT1A agonist gepirone, will presumably be helpful for modern studies of the "anatomy of melancholy."


Subject(s)
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Depression/drug therapy , Serotonin/physiology , Drug Therapy/trends , Humans , Mental Disorders/drug therapy , Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use , Serotonin Receptor Agonists/therapeutic use , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/therapeutic use
20.
Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop ; 102(2): 113-9, 1992 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1636627

ABSTRACT

A system for producing holograms and for three-dimensional measuring on holograms is described. The precision of the system was evaluated when three-dimensional measurements were made on (1) a holographic image superimposed on the corresponding object and (2) two superimposed holographic images of the same object. When a metal test object with sharp well-defined contours, easy to reorientate was used, the precision was 0.02 to 0.11 mm for x, y, and z coordinates (transverse, longitudinal, and vertical planes). When dental casts that have less distinct contours were used, precision was reduced to 0.03 to 0.43 mm. Precision was high for the x and y coordinates and satisfactory for the z coordinate. The system has a precision that is equal to that of previously reported methods and may be well-suited for studies of dental positional changes in longitudinal materials of study models. Holograms of dental casts may solve storage problems by replacing space consuming plaster models.


Subject(s)
Dental Records , Holography/methods , Models, Dental , Holography/instrumentation , Humans , Reproducibility of Results
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...