ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the effects of two water-based training programs (aerobic and combined) and a non-periodized physical activity program on functional capacity and quality of life (QoL) of elderly women. Forty-one elderly female volunteers (65⯱â¯4â¯years) were divided into three groups: aerobic training group (WBA, nâ¯=â¯13), combined training (sequence: resistance/aerobic; WBC; nâ¯=â¯11) and a control group of non-periodized physical activity program (CG, nâ¯=â¯9). The participants performed the water-based trainings twice a week for 12â¯weeks. The resistance training sets were performed at maximal effort and the aerobic training was performed in the percentage of the heart rate corresponding to the anaerobic threshold (85-110%) determined in an aquatic progressive test. Assessments of QoL perception (WHOQOL-BREF) and functional tests 30-Second Chair Stand, 6-Minute Walk and 8-Foot Up-and-go were performed before and after training. The data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), and Bonferroni post-hoc test (αâ¯=â¯0.05). In CG, QoL perception in the physical domain decreased (12⯱â¯10%) and there was no difference in the other domains. On the other hand, QoL perception was significantly increased in the water-based training groups after the training period in the physical (WBC: 13⯱â¯16%), psychological (WBA: 9⯱â¯16%; WBC: 10⯱â¯11%), social relationships (WBA: 19⯱â¯42%; WBC: 16⯱â¯21%) and environmental (WBA: 10⯱â¯17%; WBC: 16⯱â¯28%) domains and overall QoL (WBA: 17⯱â¯22%). No significant difference was observed in the physical domain for WBA and in the overall for WBC. Significant improvements were observed for all groups in the functional tests 30-Second Chair Stand (WBA: 32⯱â¯11%; WBC: 24⯱â¯14%; CG: 20⯱â¯9), 6-Minute Walk (WBA: 10⯱â¯7%; WBC: 7⯱â¯6%; CG: 7⯱â¯5%) and 8-Foot Up-and-go (WBA: 11⯱â¯5%; WBC: 10⯱â¯9%; CG: 10⯱â¯6%). Based on the results observed in this study, it can be concluded that both water-based trainings (aerobic and combined) are effective in improving functional capacity and QoL perception of elderly women. Although non-periodized physical activities seem to be sufficient to positively modify the functional capacity of this population, they are not efficient in improving QoL perception.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Physical Fitness , Quality of Life , Resistance Training/methods , Aged , Brazil , Exercise Test , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , WaterABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: A propriocepção é uma variável imprescindível para prevenção e reabilitação das lesões do joelho, podendo ser estimulada por diferentes equipamentos, os quais ainda não foram testados em meio aquático. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) do músculo reto femoral de atletas no meio aquático frente a três diferentes equipamentos proprioceptivos (cama elástica, disco proprioceptivo e balancim). MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por dez jogadores de futsal profissional, sem histórico de lesões musculoesqueléticas (últimos três meses), com 23,1 (±1,5) anos e índice de massa corporal 25,2 (±0,5) kg/m². A aquisição do sinal EMG do reto femoral do membro dominante foi adquirido por eletrodos de superfície, aproximadamente 2,5 cm da posição distal do ponto motor. O nível da água foi ajustado individualmente (entre a região umbilical e o processo xifoide) e a temperatura mantida a 32 °C. As avaliações compreenderam o repouso, a contração voluntária máxima (CVM) antes e depois dos experimentos e os estímulos proprioceptivos (cama elástica, disco proprioceptivo e balancim) em apoio unipodal. Os dados (média ± erro padrão) foram comparados pelo teste-t pareado e pela ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguida de teste Bonferrroni (post hoc). RESULTADOS: A EMG da CVM antes (221,0 ± 134 RMS/µVolts) e depois (243,0 ± 154,0 RMS/µVolts) foi semelhante (p = 0,129). No meio aquático, a cama elástica, o balancim e o disco apresentaram respectivamente 24,5 (±4,3), 33,9 (±4,3) e 32,5 (±6,7) %CVM. A atividade EMG do reto femoral na cama elástica foi 8% menor que o balancim e 9,5% que o disco proprioceptivo (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: ...
INTRODUCTION: Proprioception is an essential variable for prevention and rehabilitation of knee injuries and can be stimulated by different equipment, which have not yet been tested in water. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the rectus femoris muscle of athletes in aquatic environment using three different proprioceptive equipment (trampoline, balance disc and rocker board). METHODS: The sample comprised ten professional futsal players with no history of musculoskeletal injuries (last three months), with 23.1 (±1.5) years old and body mass index of 25.2 (±0.5) kg/m². The EMG of the rectus femoris of the dominant member was acquired by placing surface electrodes approximately 2.5cm from the distal position of the motor point. The water level was individually adjusted (between the umbilical region and the xiphoid process) and the temperature was maintained at 32ºC. The evaluations included rest, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) before and after the experiments and proprioceptive stimuli (trampoline, balance disc and rocker board) in one leg. The data (mean ± standard error) were compared by paired t-test and ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. RESULTS: The EMG of MVC before (221.0 ± 134 RMS/µVolts) and after (243.0 ± 154.0 RMS/µVolts) were similar (p=0.129). In the aquatic environment, the trampoline, the rocker board and the balance disc showed respectively 24.5 (±4.3), 33.9 (±4.3) and 32.5 (±6.7) %CVM. The EMG activity of the rectus femoris muscle in the trampoline was 8% lower than the rocker board and 9.5% than the balance disc (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In the aquatic environment proprioceptive equipment promote the activation of the rectus femoris muscle. However, the trampoline has lower activity than the disc and the rocker board, suggesting that this equipment should be employed at the beginning ...
INTRODUCCIÓN: La propiocepción es una variable imprescindible para prevención y rehabilitación de las lesiones de la rodilla, pudiendo ser estimulada por diferentes equipamientos, los que aún no fueron probados en medio acuático. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la actividad electromiográfica (EMG) del músculo recto femoral de atletas en el medio acuático frente a tres diferentes equipamientos propioceptivos (cama elástica, disco propioceptivo y balancín). MÉTODOS: La muestra fue compuesta por diez jugadores de futsal profesional, sin historial de lesiones musculoesqueléticas (últimos tres meses), con 23,1 (±1,5) años e índice de masa corporal 25,2 (±0,5) kg/m². La adquisición de la señal EMG del recto femoral del miembro dominante fue adquirida por electrodos de superficie, aproximadamente 2,5 cm de la posición distal del punto motor. El nivel del agua fue ajustado individualmente (entre la región umbilical y el proceso xifoide) y la temperatura mantenida a 32 °C. Las evaluaciones comprendieron el reposo, la contracción voluntaria máxima (CVM) antes y después de los experimentos y los estímulos propioceptivos (cama elástica, disco propioceptivo y balancín) en apoyo unipodal. Los datos (promedio ± error estándar) fueron comparados por el test-t apareado y por ANOVA para medidas repetidas seguida de test Bonferrroni (post hoc). RESULTADOS: La EMG de la CVM antes (221,0 ± 134 RMS/µVolts) y después (243,0 ± 154,0 RMS/µVolts) fueron semejantes (p = 0,129). En el medio acuático, la cama elástica, el balancín y el disco presentaron respectivamente 24,5 (±4,3), 33,9 (±4,3) y 32,5 (±6,7) %CVM. La actividad EMG del recto femoral en la cama elástica fue 8% menor que el balancín y 9,5% que el disco propioceptivo (p < 0,001). ...
ABSTRACT
Comparar os valores obtidos de força muscular do assoalho pélvico em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço, entre os grupos de força muscular 1 (menor força) e 2 (maior força), com os resultados do questionário de qualidade de vida e anamnese, bem como descrever os valores de ativação pressórica atingidos através do biofeedback. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 70 mulheres com incontinência urinária, divididas em 2 grupos, de acordo com a força muscular obtida, 40 mulheres no grupo 1(menor força) e 30 no grupo 2 (maior força). Todas as mulheres com diagnóstico prévio de incontinência urinária de esforço, no período do climatério. Foram excluídas pacientes com problemas neurológicos e grávidas. As pacientes foram submetidas ao teste bidigital e medidas de ativação pressórica para fibras de contração fásicas, além da aplicação do questionário de qualidade de vida KHQ e anamnese. Os dados obtidos foram descritos em frequências, médias e desvios padrões, medianas, mínimos e máximos. Resultados: Ocorreu maior frequência de mulheres que apresentaram força muscular diminuída, 57,1% (40 mulheres). As queixas mais frequentes de perda urinária deram-se na tosse e no espirro em ambos os grupos analisados, grupo 1(92,5%) e grupo 2(96,7%). No grupo 2 (maior força), somente 1 mulher relatou perda urinária completa. Todas as medidas de ativação pressórica foram superiores no grupo1(menor força), em relação ao grupo 2 (maior força). No questionário KHQ foram evidenciados maiores escores dos domínios, nas pacientes com maior força muscular (grupo 2), resultando em pior percepção individual da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: Para uma intervenção fisioterapêutica objetiva, a avaliação da força muscular do assoalho pélvico torna-se primordial, já que, na maioria das pacientes, esta pode estar alterada. Além disso, a qualidade de vida deve ser analisada, pois a mesma pode não estar relacionada com dados objetivos como: idade, número de partos e tempo de perda urinária por exemplo.
Objective: Comparing strength scores of pelvic floor musclesbetween women groups of muscle strenght 1 (less strength) and 2 (more strength) with questionnaire and clinical anamnesis findings,and describing biofeedback values found. Methods: Transversal clinical trial with 70 women with eff ort urinary incontinence, dividedinto 2 groups according to muscle strength, being 40 women inthe fi rst group and 30 in the second. All the women had previous diagnosis of eff ort urinary incontinence in the climacteric period.Patients with neurological problems and pregnant women wereexcluded. The participants were subjected to the bi-digital test andbiofeedback measures for phasic contraction fibers, as well as a lifequality questionnaire KHQ (Kings Health Questionnaire) and clinical anamnesis. Data found were described as frequencies, meansand standard deviations, minimum and maximum median scores. Results: A higher frequency of women presenting low muscle strengthwas found, for 57.1% (40 women). The most frequent complaints ofurinary loss occurred during coughing and sneezing for both groups, group 1 (92.5%) and group 2 (96.7%). In group 2, only 1 woman reported total urinary loss. All biofeedback measures were higherin group 1. In the questionnaire (KHQ), higher domain-specifi cscores were found in patients with more muscle strength (group1), resulting in lower quality of life. Conclusion: The assessment of muscle strength is crucial for any physical therapy intervention. The quality of life must be analyzed, because it could not be related withobjective data like age, urinary time loosing and delivery numbers.
