ABSTRACT
Introduction The injection of dermal fillers into orofacial tissues is becoming increasingly popular for cosmetic purposes, in particular for lip augmentation. Both natural and synthetic filler materials are available, producing a spectrum of clinical and histological appearances.Aims The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathological characteristics of dermal filler cases from 2006 to 2016, reported at a specialist oral pathology unit.Methods An archival search of the pathology database was performed to retrieve cases reported as being consistent with cosmetic fillers.Results Ten cases of orofacial cosmetic fillers were retrieved. Of these cases, 100% were from female patients and the mean age of presentation was 47.6 years (range 24-68 years). The lips were the most frequently involved site (80%, n = 8). The majority of provisional diagnoses were related to salivary gland disease, including neoplasms (30%, n = 3), cysts (20%, n = 2) or inflammatory disease (10%, n = 1). Only two cases (20%) were clinically thought to be related to previous cosmetic injections. A variety of filler materials were seen, including collagen, hydroxyapatite and silicone. However, hyaluronic acid-based materials were the most common (50%, n = 5).Conclusions Complications of cosmetic dermal fillers are becoming more common and should be considered within a differential diagnosis for unusual orofacial swellings.
Subject(s)
Cosmetic Techniques , Dermal Fillers , Adult , Aged , Beauty , Biocompatible Materials , Female , Humans , Hyaluronic Acid , Middle Aged , Mucous Membrane , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The chemokine receptor CCR7 is expressed on lymphocytes and dendritic cells and is responsible for trafficking of these cells in and out of secondary lymphoid organs. It has recently been shown that CCR7 expression is elevated in a number of cancers, including head and neck cancers, and that its expression correlates to lymph node (LN) metastasis. However, little is known about the factors that can induce CCR7 expression in head and neck cancers. METHOD: We compared the protein expression and functional responses of CCR7 under normoxia and hypoxia in head and neck cancer cell lines OSC-19, FaDu, SCC-4, A-253 and Detroit-562 cultured as monolayers, spheroids, and grown in vivo as xenografts in balb/c mice. In addition, we analysed the correlation between hypoxia marker HIF-1α and CCR7 expression in a tissue microarray comprising 80 clinical samples with various stages and grades of malignant tumour and normal tissue. RESULTS: Under hypoxia, the expression of CCR7 is elevated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Furthermore, in malignant tissue, a correlation is observed between hypoxia marker HIF-1α and CCR7 across all clinical stages. This correlation is also strong in early histological grade of tumours. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia plays a role in the regulation of the expression of CCR7 and it may contribute to the development of a metastatic phenotype in head and neck cancers through this axis.
Subject(s)
Cell Hypoxia/genetics , Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics , Receptors, CCR7/genetics , Animals , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Receptors, CCR7/metabolismABSTRACT
Accurate staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (oral SCC) is essential. Some clinicians delay diagnostic biopsy until after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We retrospectively studied the clinical records and histopathological databases of 58 patients with SCC of the tongue; 39 had biopsy before MRI and 19 afterwards. In the group who had the biopsy first, eight were up-staged, nine were down-staged, and in 22 the T stage was accurate. In those who had MRI first, the corresponding figures were two, six, and 11, respectively. The time between initial biopsy and excision was significantly longer in the MRI group (43 days), than in the biopsy group (16 days) (p<0.001). Differences in staging between the two groups were not significant. Whether the biopsy was taken before or after MRI does not seem to affect the accuracy of clinical staging, and to delay biopsy until after staging may be unnecessary.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnostic imaging , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tongue Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Tongue Neoplasms/pathology , Biopsy , Humans , Neoplasm Staging , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio para caracterizar necrópsica y clínicamente a los pacientes fallecidos con diagnóstico de metástasis hepática. El universo está constituido por 212 pacientes. La muestra es de 139 enfermos. La investigación se realiza en el período 2001-2006 (se excluye 2005). Predominó el sexo masculino y el grupo de edades entre 61 y 70 años. El motivo de ingreso fue variado y como signos físicos relacionados con metástasis predominó el íctero. No se pudo diagnosticar clínicamente tumor primario en 48 pacientes, ni por complementarios en 23. No existe coincidencia entre diagnóstico en vida y diagnóstico necrópsico en 4 de los pacientes estudiados, a pesar de contar con medios adecuados(AU)
