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1.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 67(1): 61-4, 2007 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17663908

ABSTRACT

Heliox therapy, alone or combined with noninvasive ventilation, has successfully been used in the treatment of infants and children with respiratory disease such as airway obstruction. We describe the case of a 1-month-old infant with severe upper respiratory airway obstruction (approximately 80 %) secondary to multiple cervical hemangiomatosis effectively treated with either Heliox alone or combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. This treatment provided symptomatic relief and facilitated diagnosis and subsequent application of specific treatment; the patient was free of signs of respiratory distress and the use of aggressive treatments such as endotracheal intubation or tracheal cannulation was avoided. Heliox can constitute a multipurpose, safe and useful tool in the noninvasive management of infants and children with serious obstructive respiratory disease.


Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/etiology , Airway Obstruction/therapy , Glottis , Helium/therapeutic use , Hemangioma/complications , Laryngeal Neoplasms/complications , Oxygen/therapeutic use , Respiration, Artificial , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Humans , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Infant , Severity of Illness Index
2.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 67(1): 61-64, jul. 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-055329

ABSTRACT

El Heliox, administrado solo o en combinación con ventilación no invasiva, se ha empleado con éxito en el tratamiento de niños con patología respiratoria de carácter obstructivo. Presentamos el caso de una lactante de un mes de edad con hemangiomatosis cervical múltiple y una obstrucción severa (aproximadamente del 80 %) de la vía aérea, en la que la administración de Heliox, solo o en combinación con presión positiva en la vía aérea nasal, permitió su manejo y alivio sintomático, facilitó su evaluación diagnóstica y la instauración posterior de tratamiento electivo, manteniéndola en todo momento libre de signos de dificultad respiratoria y evitando la instauración de tratamientos inespecíficos más agresivos tales como la intubación o la canulación traqueal. El Heliox puede constituir una herramienta polivalente, segura y útil en el manejo conservador de niños con patología respiratoria obstructiva grave


Heliox therapy, alone or combined with noninvasive ventilation, has successfully been used in the treatment of infants and children with respiratory disease such as airway obstruction. We describe the case of a 1-month-old infant with severe upper respiratory airway obstruction (approximately 80 %) secondary to multiple cervical hemangiomatosis effectively treated with either Heliox alone or combined with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. This treatment provided symptomatic relief and facilitated diagnosis and subsequent application of specific treatment; the patient was free of signs of respiratory distress and the use of aggressive treatments such as endotracheal intubation or tracheal cannulation was avoided. Heliox can constitute a multipurpose, safe and useful tool in the noninvasive management of infants and children with serious obstructive respiratory disease


Subject(s)
Male , Infant , Humans , Helium/therapeutic use , Hemangioma/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Helium/administration & dosage , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Intubation/methods
3.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 66(1): 4-10, ene. 2007. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-054153

ABSTRACT

Introducción Los traumatismos causan una gran morbilidad pediátrica. El presente estudio pretende estimar la repercusión a largo plazo de los traumatismos graves sobre el niño y su familia. Pacientes y métodos Estudio observacional y transversal que incluyó a 209 niños ingresados en nuestra unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos entre 1999 y 2003 por traumatismos. Al menos 2 años después, los familiares y/o los pacientes fueron entrevistados, evaluándose su situación funcional y neurológica con las escalas Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) y Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), así como la percepción de calidad de vida. Resultados Los pacientes tenían 13 ± 4 años cuando fueron estudiados. Las causas del traumatismo fueron por accidentes de tráfico (42,6 %), caídas (30,1 %), accidentes de bicicleta (15,3 %) y otros (12 %). La localización fue craneoencefálica (78,9 %), esquelética (20,2 %), abdominal (16,3 %) y otra (15,3 %). En la evaluación, 1,5 % de los pacientes estaban en estado vegetativo persistente, 0,5 % tenían discapacidad grave y 1 % discapacidad moderada. El 9,5 % presentaba alguna alteración psicológica persistente y el 3,8 % precisaba ayuda para realizar sus actividades diarias. La mediana (rango) de la estimación de la calidad de vida por la familia fue de 3 (0-6) en los casos con discapacidad moderada o grave. El 12,9 % de los padres refirieron una alteración seria de la dinámica familiar en relación con el episodio traumático. Conclusiones La mayoría de los niños que sobreviven a un traumatismo grave mantienen una buena situación funcional a largo plazo. Aunque son pocos los pacientes con secuelas importantes, dichos niños sufren serias dificultades para su adaptación social y ven mermada su calidad de vida


Introduction Trauma is a major cause of pediatric morbidity. The aim of the present study was to determine the long-term effects of severe trauma in children and their families. Patients and methods We performed an observational, cross sectional study of 209 children admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit due to trauma between 1999 and 2003. Family members and/or children were interviewed at least 2 years after the event. Functional situation was assessed by means of the Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC) scale and neurological status by means of the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) scale. Subjective perception of quality of life was also evaluated. Results At assessment, patient age was 13 ± 4 years. The causes of trauma were traffic accidents (42.6 %), falls (30.1 %), bicycle accidents (15.3 %) and other causes (12 %). The trauma affected the brain and cranium in 78.9 %, skeleton in 20.2 %, abdomen in 16.3 % and other body regions in 15.3 % of the patients. At assessment, 1.5 % of the patients were in a persistent vegetative state, 0.5 % had severe disability, and 1 % had moderate disability. A total of 9.5 % had some type of persistent psychological disorder and 3.8 % needed some kind of help to perform daily activities. The median (range) score for self-estimated quality of life by the family was 3 (0-6) for the group of children with moderate or severe disability, while 12.9 % of parents reported serious alterations of family dynamics related to the trauma event. Conclusions Most children who survive after severe trauma achieve a good functional situation in the long term. Although the number of children with severe sequelae is small, these children have serious difficulties in achieving normal social adaptation and their quality of life is clearly impaired


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Humans , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Wounds and Injuries/diagnosis , Wounds and Injuries/rehabilitation , Morbidity , Disabled Children/rehabilitation , Quality of Life , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Disability Evaluation , Statistics on Sequelae and Disability , Cross-Sectional Studies
4.
Acta pediatr. esp ; 65(1): 12-20, ene. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-052887

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la bronquiolitis aguda son controvertidos. Pretendemos conocer las actitudes prácticas diagnóstico-terapéuticas de los pediatras de Galicia en el contexto de la bronquiolitis aguda y analizar la influencia que puedan tener en la respuesta factures profesionales, como la base formativa, la experiencia práctica y el entorno laboral. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta postal que incluía un supuesto clínico de bronquiolitis aguda y 40 cuestiones relacionadas. La encuesta se envió a los pediatras miembros de la Sociedad de Pediatría de Galicia en mayo de 2004. Resultados: Untotoal de 103 encuestas fueron devueltas debidamente cumplimentadas. La mita de los participantes (50,5%) tenía una edad superior a los 45 años. El 87% eran pediatras especialistas y el 13% médicos residentes. El 58% de los facultativos desarrollaban su trabajo habitual en el ámbito de la atención primaria. En la mayoría de los casos, la actitud diagnóstica se adecuó a las recomendaciones vigentes, destacando la aplicación de escalas clínicas y la pulsiocimetría. Por el contrario, se indicaron tratamientos farmacológicos con más frecuencia de la recomendable, y algunos fármacos, como broncodilatadores o los corticoides, se empleban de forma casi generalizada. La experiencia práctica no tuvo influencia en las respuestas. El uso de pruebas de detección rápida del virus respiratorio sincitial fue más frecuente entre los médicos residentes (p<0.001). Los pediatras hospitalarios aplicaron con más frecuencia todas las exploraciones complementarias encuestadas (p<0,001), con la excepción de las escalas de valoración clínica, empleadas por igual en ambos grupos. En el ámbito hospitalario se indicaron con más frecuencia la oxigenoterapia y los broncodilatadores y, en particular, la adrenalina (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Hay grandes discrepancias entre la práctica habitual y las evidencias que la justifican. La realización de una conferencia de consenso nacional sobre el tratamientro de la bronquiolitis aguda podría ayudar a mejorar la atención a estos pacientes y racionalizar el consumo de recursos


Introduction: The diagnosis and treatment of acute bronchiolitis are controversial issues. We proposed to assess the practice patterns of pediatricians in Galicia (Northwest Spain) in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, and to analyze the influence on the response of professional factors such as medical training, practical experience, and work setting. Material and methods: A total of 103 correctly completed surveys were returned. Half of the responders (50,5%) were over 45 years of age. Eighty-seven percent of them were pediatricians and 13% were pediatric residents. In all, 58% of the physicians worked, in the primary care setting. In most cases, the diagnostic approach followed the current international recommendations, with an especially widespread use of clinical scales and pulse oximetry. In contrast, pharmacological therapies were prescribed more frequently than is recommended,a nd the use of drugs such as bronchodilators or corticosteroids was nearly genralized. Practical experience did not influence the responses. Respiratory syncytial virus detection assays were more frequently indicated by medical residens (p<0.001). All the complementary tests included in the survey were requested more frequently by in-hospital pediatricians than by primary care pediatricians (p<0,001) , with the exception of clinical scales, which were employed to a similar extent in both groups. Oxygen therapy, bronchodilator therapy and, in particular, epinephrine were indicated more frequently in the hospital setting (p<0,001). Conclusions: There are considerable discrepancies between routine practice and the evidence justifying it. A national consensus conference on the management of acute bronchiolitis could help to improve patient care and to rationalize the use of resources


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Infant , Humans , Bronchiolitis/psychology , Bronchiolitis/therapy , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Signs and Symptoms , Cross-Sectional Studies , Spain/epidemiology , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Evidence-Based Medicine/trends , Physical Therapy Modalities/trends , Physical Therapy Modalities
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(4): 330-339, oct. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044173

ABSTRACT

Los síncopes son episodios frecuentes en la adolescencia. Aunque habitualmente son de naturaleza benigna y autolimitada, pueden ser la manifestación de un proceso grave que debe ser diagnosticado y tratado de forma adecuada. En este artículo se realiza una revisión de los fundamentos para el diagnóstico diferencial del síncope en el adolescente y se establecen las bases para su tratamiento


Syncopal episodes are frequent in adolescence. Syncope is usually a benign, self-limiting condition but it may be a warning sign of serious disease that must be diagnosed and appropriately treated. The present article provides a review of the basic principles of the differential diagnosis of syncope in the adolescent patient and treatment recommendations


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Syncope/diagnosis , Syncope/therapy , Syncope/classification , Syncope/etiology
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 63(2): 164-168, ago. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-044395

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La traqueítis bacteriana es una causa de obstrucción grave de la vía aérea superior que se considera poco frecuente y cuyas características clínico-epidemiológicas son poco conocidas. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los niños diagnosticados de traqueítis bacteriana que ingresaron en nuestra unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica (UCIP) entre junio de 1992 y mayo de 2004 (12 años). Se recogieron las siguientes variables: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales de enfermedad, necesidad de intubación endotraqueal, días de intubación, bacteria aislada, tratamiento antibiótico, corticoterapia y días de estancia en la UCIP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 12 pacientes (6 niñas y 6 niños). El rango de edad osciló entre 1 mes y 13 años (mediana: 2 años). Tenían historia previa de laringotraqueítis aguda 4 niños, uno tenía un síndrome de Down y otro una comunicación interauricular. Todos los pacientes precisaron intubación orotraqueal, durante un período entre 2 y 72 h (mediana: 48 h). En todos ellos se utilizó antibioterapia empírica: cefalosporinas en 11 niños (91 %) (en cuatro ocasiones asociadas a un glucopéptido) y macrólido en un niño (9 %). Se emplearon corticoides en 9 casos (75 %). El cultivo del aspirado traqueal fue positivo en 7 niños (58 %), siendo Staphylococcus aureus el germen más frecuente (42 %). Tres niños (25 %) desarrollaron neumonía lobular y uno (8,3 %) insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva como complicación de la traqueítis bacteriana. La evolución clínica fue satisfactoria en todos los casos. Conclusiones: Aunque la incidencia absoluta de la traqueítis bacteriana es baja, en nuestro medio constituye una causa relevante de obstrucción grave de la vía aérea superior secundaria a un proceso infeccioso, por lo que debe tenerse en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial del paciente con estridor y fiebre. Si se realiza el tratamiento adecuado, el pronóstico en general es favorable


Introduction: Bacterial tracheitis is a cause of severe upper respiratory airway obstruction. It has been considered a rare entity whose clinical and epidemiological features are not well known. Patients and methods: The medical records of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis and admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from June 1992 to May 2004 (12 years) were analyzed. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, personal history, need for endotracheal intubation, duration of intubation, isolated bacteria, antibiotic treatment, steroid administration, and length of stay in the PICU. Results: Twelve patients (six girls and six boys) were included in this study. Age ranged from 1 month to 13 years (median 24 months). Four children had a history of acute laryngotracheitis, one had Down syndrome and another had interauricular communication. All patients needed orotracheal intubation for 2 to 72 hours (median 48 hours). All patients received empirical antibiotic therapy: cephalosporins in 11 children (91 %) (in association with vancomycin or teicoplanin in four of them) and erythromycin in one (9 %). Corticosteroids were administered in nine patients (75 %). Bacterial pathogens were isolated from tracheal secretion culture in seven children (58 %) and the most common was Staphylococcus aureus (42 %). Three children (25 %) developed lobar pneumonia and one developed congestive cardiac insufficiency as a complication of bacterial tracheitis. In all patients, clinical outcome was satisfactory. Conclusions: Although the absolute frequency of bacterial tracheitis is low, in our environment this entity represents a considerable cause of severe upper respiratory airway obstruction secondary to an infectious process. Therefore, it should be considered in patients who present with stridor and fever. If the correct treatment is provided, the prognosis is generally good


Subject(s)
Infant , Child , Adolescent , Child, Preschool , Humans , Airway Obstruction/etiology , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Tracheitis/complications , Tracheitis/microbiology
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(2): 160-3, 2005 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16045876

ABSTRACT

Percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) is a well-established procedure in adult patients who require long-term airway control. Because experience with this procedure is scarce in pediatrics, we report the results of PT by means of a progressive dilatational method with endoscopic guidance in three critically-ill adolescents with severe head injury. PT was performed by means of the Ciaglia Blue Rhino method at the bedside, guided by fiberoptic bronchoscopy by the pediatric intensive care unit staff. No hemodynamic or respiratory compromise was observed during the procedure. No complications were attributable to PT. Two patients were decannulated without incidents. The reported cases indicate that PT can be performed safely, at least in adolescents.


Subject(s)
Bronchoscopy , Tracheostomy/methods , Adolescent , Craniocerebral Trauma , Female , Humans , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Male
8.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 63(2): 164-8, 2005 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16045877

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial tracheitis is a cause of severe upper respiratory airway obstruction. It has been considered a rare entity whose clinical and epidemiological features are not well known. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records of children diagnosed with bacterial tracheitis and admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from June 1992 to May 2004 (12 years) were analyzed. The following variables were recorded: age, sex, personal history, need for endotracheal intubation, duration of intubation, isolated bacteria, antibiotic treatment, steroid administration, and length of stay in the PICU. RESULTS: Twelve patients (six girls and six boys) were included in this study. Age ranged from 1 month to 13 years (median 24 months). Four children had a history of acute laryngotracheitis, one had Down syndrome and another had interauricular communication. All patients needed orotracheal intubation for 2 to 72 hours (median 48 hours). All patients received empirical antibiotic therapy: cephalosporins in 11 children (91 %) (in association with vancomycin or teicoplanin in four of them) and erythromycin in one (9 %). Corticosteroids were administered in nine patients (75 %). Bacterial pathogens were isolated from tracheal secretion culture in seven children (58 %) and the most common was Staphylococcus aureus (42 %). Three children (25 %) developed lobar pneumonia and one developed congestive cardiac insufficiency as a complication of bacterial tracheitis. In all patients, clinical outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Although the absolute frequency of bacterial tracheitis is low, in our environment this entity represents a considerable cause of severe upper respiratory airway obstruction secondary to an infectious process. Therefore, it should be considered in patients who present with stridor and fever. If the correct treatment is provided, the prognosis is generally good.


Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/etiology , Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Tracheitis/complications , Tracheitis/microbiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male
9.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 62(3): 248-251, mar. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-037948

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: El síndrome de desgaste profesional es un trastorno adaptativo crónico que condiciona alteraciones importantes de la conducta laboral. Objetivo: En este trabajo se ha pretendido conocer su prevalencia entre el personal asistencial pediátrico, para la cual se diseñó un estudio transversal y descriptivo. Material y métodos En noviembre de 2002 se presentó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) a 127 personas (médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares) que trabajan en un Departamento de Pediatría. El cuestionario consta de 22 ítems que exploran tres aspectos del síndrome de desgaste profesional: a) cansancio emocional; b) despersonalización, y c) realización personal. Resultados: El cuestionario fue contestado por 93 personas (tasa de respuesta: 73,2 %). El 83 % de las encuestas fueron cumplimentadas por mujeres y el 17 % por varones. La media de edad fue de 38,6 ± 10,2 años y la mediana de antigüedad en el puesto de trabajo de 10 años (límites, 1-37 años). El 29,0 % eran pediatras, el 50,5 %, personal de enfermería, y el 20,5 %, auxiliares de enfermería. Según la escala utilizada, el 20,8 % de los entrevistados presentaban un alto grado de síndrome de desgaste profesional, el 19,8 % un nivel moderado y el 59,4 % un nivel bajo de síndrome de desgaste profesional. En relación con las subescalas del cuestionario, el 67,7 % de los encuestados presenta un bajo grado de realización personal, el 14,5 % obtiene puntuaciones altas de cansancio emocional y el 23,9% tiene valores altos en la escala de despersonalización. Conclusiones: El síndrome de desgaste profesional es un trastorno presente en un porcentaje considerable de las personas que atienden a pacientes pediátricos a nivel hospitalario. En la muestra estudiada, la falta de realización personal se destaca sobre los demás componentes del síndrome, lo que alerta sobre la posible existencia de actitudes negativas hacia uno mismo y la actividad laboral, pérdida de interés por la atención a los niños, baja productividad y disminución de la autoestima. Por lo tanto, deberían tomarse medidas para atenuar los factores que influyen en el desarrollo del síndrome de desgaste profesional entre el personal asistencial pediátrico


Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) is a chronic adaptation disorder that provokes serious problems in occupational behavior. Objective: In the present study we assessed the prevalence of burnout syndrome in pediatric healthcare workers. Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Material and methods In November 2002, the Maslach Burnout Inventory was given to 127 staff members (doctors, nurses and nurse assistants) working in a pediatrics department. The questionnaire includes 22 items that explore three aspects of BS: a) emotional exhaustion; b) depersonalization, and c) personal achievement. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 93 staff members (73.2 % of the whole sample; 83% women and 17% men). The mean age was 38.6 +/- 10.2 years and the median number of years worked was 10 (range: 1-37 years). Twenty-nine percent were pediatricians, 50.5% were nurses and 20.5% were nurse assistants. A total of 20.8 % had a high level of BS, 19.8 % had a moderate level and 59.4 % showed a low level. When sub-scales were applied, the results showed that 67.7 % of respondents presented a low level of personal achievement, 14.5 % had high scores of emotional exhaustion and 23.9 % obtained high scores in the depersonalization scale. Conclusions: BS is present in a significant percentage of hospital workers attending pediatric patients. In our sample, the most notable component of BS was the lack of personal achievement. This finding alerted us to the eventual presence of negative attitudes toward self and professional activity, as well as to the loss of interest in pediatric care, low productivity and diminished self-esteem. We believe that specific strategies should be implemented to attenuate the factors influencing the development of BS in pediatric health staff


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Pediatric Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Pediatrics/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Spain/epidemiology
10.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 62(1): 64-7, 2005 Jan.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15642243

ABSTRACT

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) combined with heliox therapy (Hx) constitutes a therapeutic option in the management of adult patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Either NIV or Hx alone can also be effective in pediatric patients, but there are no published reports on their combined use. We describe the case of a 4-month-old infant with acute respiratory insufficiency due to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to respiratory syncytial virus infection, successfully treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure and heliox (Hx-nCPAP). A commercially available nCPAP ventilator adapted for heliox use was employed for Hx-nCPAP application. This is the first report of the use of Hx-nCPAP in an infant.


Subject(s)
Helium/administration & dosage , Oxygen/administration & dosage , Respiration, Artificial , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Equipment Design , Humans , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiration, Artificial/instrumentation , Respiration, Artificial/methods
11.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 59(5): 441-7, 2003 Nov.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14588216

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To establish the main clinical characteristics of convulsive syncope and the usefulness of the tilt test in its diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 317 patients (aged 5-18 years old) under clinical suspicion of neurocardiogenic syncope underwent a multiparametric tilt test. Our tilt test protocol includes continuous noninvasive measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation, as well as continuous noninvasive measurement of cerebral oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectrophotometry. In selected patients, simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed. RESULTS: The tilt test was positive in 216 patients (68.1 %). Of these, 25 (11.6 %) showed seizures during the test (convulsive syncope). Convulsions were asymmetric-tonic in 15 patients (60 %), generalized tonic in 5 (20 %), and tonic-clonic in 5 (20 %). In all patients, convulsive episodes lasted less than 30 seconds and spontaneously ceased upon placing the patient in a horizontal or Trendelenburg position. When simultaneous EEG was performed, diffuse brain wave slowing was observed, without paroxysmal activity. CONCLUSIONS: Convulsive syncope is not an uncommon event in children and is easily elicited by means of the tilt test. Pediatricians should be aware of this finding in order to avoid the frequently established unidirectional association between seizures and epileptic disorders. Consequently, the tilt test should be considered an essential tool in the differential diagnosis between convulsive syncope and epilepsy.


Subject(s)
Syncope/diagnosis , Tilt-Table Test , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of Results
12.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 59(5): 441-447, nov. 2003.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24538

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Establecer las principales características clínicas del síncope convulsivo y la utilidad del test de la cama basculante (tilt-test) en su diagnóstico. Métodos: 317 pacientes (5-18 años) con sospecha clínica de síncope neurocardiogénico, fueron sometidos a un test de la cama basculante multiparamétrico con: monitorización electrocardiográfica continua, medición continua y no invasiva de la presión arterial, pulsioximetría y medición de la saturación de oxígeno cerebral continua y no invasiva por espectrofotometría de infrarrojo cercano. En pacientes seleccionados se realizó registro electroencefalográfico simultáneo. Resultados La prueba resultó positiva en 216 pacientes (68,1 por ciento). De ellos, 25 (11,6 por ciento) presentaron manifestaciones convulsivas durante la misma (síncope convulsivo). Las crisis fueron de tipo tónico asimétrico en 15 pacientes (60 por ciento), tónico generalizado en cinco (20 por ciento) y tonicoclónico en los 5 restantes (20 por ciento). En todos los casos la duración de la crisis fue menor a 30 s y cedió de forma espontánea con el posicionamiento en horizontal o Trendelenburg. En los pacientes en los que se realizó estudio electroencefalográfico simultáneo se observó un enlentecimiento difuso del trazado de base, no evidenciándose en ninguno de ellos elementos agudos de características epileptógenas. Conclusiones: El síncope convulsivo es una entidad relativamente frecuente en los niños que son estudiados mediante el test de la cama basculante. Este hecho debe ser conocido por el pediatra, para evitar la asociación unidireccional que muchas veces se establece entre convulsiones y enfermedad epiléptica. En consecuencia, el test de la cama basculante debe considerarse una prueba esencial en el diagnóstico diferencial entre síncope y epilepsia (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Male , Female , Humans , Tilt-Table Test , Syncope , Reproducibility of Results
13.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 59(1): 74-79, 2003 Jul.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-13678061

ABSTRACT

All forms of respiratory support involve one essential element: The gas or gas mixture administered to the patient. Oxygen is an indispensable gas for cellular metabolism and is indicated in cases of hypoxia. Oxygen therapy aims to increase the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood by increasing the oxygen concentration of inspired air. In addition to its therapeutic effects, the adverse effects and drawbacks of oxygen should be known. Several methods and devices for the administration of supplementary oxygen are available. Selection of the method should be individualized according to the patient's age and disease, the required inspiratory fraction and the child's possibilities of adaptation. Helium is an inert gas that has a very low specific weight and density. These properties explain its therapeutic effects, mainly in airway obstructions due to various etiologies. Breathing the helium-oxygen mixture (heliox) reduces respiratory effort and improves gas exchange, without significant adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Oxygen Inhalation Therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Child , Helium/administration & dosage , Humans , Oxygen/administration & dosage
15.
An Esp Pediatr ; 57(4): 295-300, 2002 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12392662

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, as well as the implicated serotypes and patterns of antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis in Spanish children. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We performed a prospective, multicenter study in five Autonomous Communities (Catalonia, Galicia, Madrid, Navarre and the Basque Country) for 1 year (1 February 2000 31 January 2001). All children aged 0-14 years with pneumococcal meningitis from all the hospitals in the Autonomous Communities studied were included. Diagnosis was based on clinical findings and isolation of S. pneumoniae in the cerebrospinal fluid/blood using routine methods or polymerase chain reaction. Serotyping was performed using the guellung reaction and/or immunoblotting and susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated by the technique of agar dilution. The pediatric population aged 0-14 years in the Autonomous Communities studied comprises 2,290,304 children. RESULTS: Fifty-two cases were identified. One patient was aged less than 2 months old, 25 (48 %) were aged 2-12 months, and 12 patients (23 %) were aged 12-24 months. The annual incidence per 100,000 children aged between 1 and 2 years was 17.75 cases (95 % CI: 11.59 26.01) and 8.39 cases (95 % CI: 4.67 15.79) respectively, and that for children in the first 2 and 5 years of life was 13.13 (95 % CI: 9.29 18.02) and 6.29 (95 % CI: 4.57 8.,45) cases respectively. Nearly half the strains isolated (47.6 %) showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin. The most frequent serotype was 19F (12 cases [28.6 %]). Eighty percent of the isolated serotypes were included in the formula of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children from five Spanish Autonomous Communities is high, nearly twice that found in a prior retrospective studied performed in the same population 1-3 years previously. Almost all the isolated serotypes were included in the heptavalent conjugate vaccine. Half the strains showed reduced sensitivity to penicillin.


Subject(s)
Meningitis, Pneumococcal/epidemiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Male , Prospective Studies , Serotyping , Spain , Streptococcus pneumoniae/classification , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects
16.
An. esp. pediatr. (Ed. impr) ; 57(4): 295-300, oct. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-16722

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Conocer la incidencia, así como los serotipos implicados y los patrones de resistencia antibiótica de meningitis producidas por Streptococcus pneumoniae en niños españoles. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico, realizado en 5 comunidades autónomas (Cataluña, Galicia, Madrid, Navarra y País Vasco) a lo largo de 1 año (1 de febrero de 2000 a 31 de enero de 2001). Se incluyeron todos los niños entre 0 y 14 años con meningitis neumocócica diagnosticados por sintomatología y líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) sugerente con aislamiento de S. pneumoniae en LCR/sangre por métodos habituales o por técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), de la totalidad de hospitales de las comunidades autónomas estudiadas. La serotipia se realizó mediante la reacción de quellung y/o immunoblotting y susceptibilidad a antibióticos por la técnica de dilución en agar. La población infantil de 0-14 años de estas comunidades es de 2.290.304 niños. Resultados: Se encontraron 52 casos. Uno tenía menos de 2 meses de edad, 25 (48%) entre 2 y 12 meses y 12 (23%) entre 12 y 24 meses. La incidencia anual por 100.000 niños en el primer y segundo año de vida fue de 17,75 casos (intervalo de confianza [IC] al 95%, 11,59-26,01) y 8,39 casos (IC 95%, 4,67-15,79) respectivamente, siendo en los primeros 2 y 5 años de vida de 13,13 (IC 95%, 9,29-18,02) y 6,29 (IC 95%, 4,57-8,45) casos, respectivamente. Casi la mitad de las cepas aisladas (47,6%) mostraron sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina. El serotipo 19F fue el más frecuente (12 casos: 28,6%). El 80% de los serotipos aislados estuvieron incluidos en la formulación de la vacuna conjugada heptavalente. Conclusión: La incidencia de meningitis neumocócica en niños de las 5 comunidades autónomas españolas es elevada, casi el doble que la encontrada en un estudio previo de diseño retrospectivo, realizado en la misma población 1-3 años antes. Casi todos los serotipos aislados están incluidos en la vacuna conjugada heptavalente. La mitad de las cepas mostraron sensibilidad disminuida a la penicilina (AU)


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Male , Infant , Female , Humans , Spain , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Serotyping , Incidence , Meningitis, Pneumococcal , Prospective Studies , Drug Resistance, Microbial
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