ABSTRACT
@#Child adoption is common in Papua New Guinea (PNG), but little is known about current practices. This study describes the adoption and feeding practices among children up to 3 years of age, identified by both community-based and health facility recruitment in the Southern Highlands of PNG over a 6-month period in 2017. 85 adopted children were identified: 61 (72%) had been customarily or informally adopted and 24 babies (28%) had been sold for cash. Most (93%) were adopted at less than 1 year of age, and twothirds in the neonatal period. 73 mothers (86%) had poor knowledge of the adoption laws and processes, and 56 (66%) had poor knowledge of infant feeding practices. 8% had moderate and 9% had severe malnutrition. The common reasons for adoption were: family breakdown because of divorce, separation or the practice of polygamy; mothers who had too many children or wanted to adopt children; teenage pregnancies; and de facto relationships. 56 of the adopted children were weaned before 6 months of age, and 23 before 4 months of age, most onto a diet consisting of a limited range of fruits and vegetables. Ensuring the rights of adopted children to legal protection, optimal nutrition, care and education is essential. Knowledge of and adherence to customary adoption laws, involvement of social welfare, and infant and young child feeding practices all need to be strengthened in communities, especially in the rural areas.
ABSTRACT
Citrate and phytase root exudates contribute to improved phosphorus (P) acquisition efficiency in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) when both exudates are produced in a P deficient soil. To test the importance of root intermingling in the interaction of citrate and phytase exudates, Nicotiana tabacum plant-lines with constitutive expression of heterologous citrate (Cit) or fungal phytase (Phy) exudation traits were grown under two root treatments (roots separated or intermingled) and in two soils with contrasting soil P availability. Complementarity of plant mixtures varying in citrate efflux rate and mobility of the expressed phytase in soil was determined based on plant biomass and P accumulation. Soil P composition was evaluated using solution 31 P NMR spectroscopy. In the soil with limited available P, positive complementarity occurred in Cit+Phy mixtures with roots intermingled. Root separation eliminated positive interactions in mixtures expressing the less mobile phytase (Aspergillus niger PhyA) whereas positive complementarity persisted in mixtures that expressed the more mobile phytase (Peniophora lycii PhyA). Soils from Cit+Phy mixtures contained less inorganic P and more organic P compared to monocultures. Exudate-specific strategies for the acquisition of soil P were most effective in P-limited soil and depended on citrate efflux rate and the relative mobility of the expressed phytase in soil. Plant growth and soil P utilization in plant systems with complementary exudation strategies are expected to be greatest where exudates persist in soil and are expressed synchronously in space and time.
ABSTRACT
The addition of whole-brain radiotherapy is a standard of care for patients with single, resectable intracranial metastasis. Stereotactic irradiation of the postoperative resection cavity seems to offer excellent local control rates and avoid the neurocognitive risks of whole-brain radiation therapy. The risk of remote intracranial recurrence imposes a strict surveillance imaging in order to proceed to a possible irradiation before a symptomatic stage. It must be validated in future randomized trials.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Radiosurgery , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Cranial Irradiation , Humans , Neuropsychological Tests , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Presentamos el caso de una paciente de seis años de edad, que acude a consulta por adenoiditis y otitis serosas. Tras el fracaso de sucesivos tratamientos médicos, se realiza adenoidectomía más implantación de drenajes transtimpánicos; desarrollando un cuadro de sepsis con artritis y fracaso renal agudo en el postoperatorio inmediato. Se plantea la necesidad de realizar una profilaxis antibiótica en pacientes sin factores de riesgo previos (AU)
We present a six year-old patient suffering of adenoiditis and serous otitis. After surgical intervention, she developed septicemia with arthritis and acute renal failure. We discuss the need to carry out antibiotic prophylaxis in patients without previous risk factors (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Female , Postoperative Complications , Sepsis/etiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Adenoidectomy/methods , Arthritis/etiology , Middle Ear Ventilation , Otitis Media/surgeryABSTRACT
The electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)3 2+ and tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, or sodium oxalate encapsulated within sol-gel-derived silica monoliths have been investigated using an immobilized ultramicroelectrode assembly. The major purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the reductant on the magnitude and stability of the ECL in this solid host matrix. For gel-entrapped Ru(bpy)3 2-/tertiary amines, the shape and intensity of the ECL-potential curves were highly dependent on scan rate. At 10 mV/s, the ECL intensity was ca. 6-fold higher relative to that observed at 500 mV/s. When the ECL acquired at low scan rates was normalized by that obtained in solution under similar conditions, a value of 0.03-0.06 was obtained. In direct contrast, the ECL of the Ru(bpy)3 2+-oxalate system showed little dependence on scan rate, and the ECL was ca. 65-75% of that measured in solution. These differences can be attributed to differences in rotational and translational mobility between the reductants (amines vs oxalate) trapped in this porous solid host For both systems, the ECL was found to be stable upon continuous oxidation or upon drying the gels in a high-humidity environment for over 10 days.
