ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Aggressive angiomyxoma was identified as a distinct clinicopathologic entity in 1983 and since then fewer than 250 cases of these rare tumors have been reported in world literature. These tumors usually arise in the pelvis and perineal regions, most often in women of the reproductive age group; however a few cases of its occurrence outside the pelvis have also been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We report a series of 7 women treated in our institute in the last 8 years. Relevant literature on aggressive angiomyxoma was looked at and various management options reviewed. CONCLUSION: Aggressive angiomyxomas are locally aggressive, notorious for local recurrence and extremely rare to metastasize. While surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, there has been a definite shift towards less radical forms of excision, over the years. Various adjuvant treatment modalities have also been tried to reduce tumor recurrence.
Subject(s)
Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology , Genital Neoplasms, Female/surgery , Myxoma/pathology , Myxoma/surgery , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Imaging , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis , Genital Neoplasms, Female/genetics , Humans , Middle Aged , Myxoma/diagnosis , Myxoma/genetics , Perineum/pathology , Pregnancy , Treatment Outcome , Vulvar Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vulvar Neoplasms/genetics , Vulvar Neoplasms/pathology , Vulvar Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of para-clinical exams prescribed in case of in utero foetal death, to result in the establishment of a new algorithm of diagnostic tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis on a series of 106 stillbirths gathered between September 1989 and December 1998 in the obstetrical and gynaecological department of the Lausanne University Hospital which is a tertiary centre. Stillbirth was defined as foetal death occurring as from the date of foetal viability. Thus, only pregnancies from 24 weeks and onwards were included in this series. We excluded all stillbirths occurring during medical termination of pregnancy and cases with incomplete data files. The Fretts' classification was used. The different exams asked by the physician were screened and we analysed their pertinence to determine the aetiological diagnosis for each case. The search for significant risk factors was also taken into account. We compared our management of in utero foetal death with data from the literature to propose a new algorithm. RESULTS: The aetiology of in utero foetal death could be attributed in ninety percent of the cases. The principal causes were in utero growth retardation (19.8%), foetal congenital and chromosomal anomalies (18.9%), infections (15.1%), placental abruption (7.5%), preeclampsia (5.6%), maternal diabetes (3.8%). The remaining 18.9% are divided in to miscellaneous causes. In 10.4% of the cases we could not find any explanation to the death of the foetus. The exams that yielded the most information when done were: foetal autopsy which was abnormal in 92.7%, placental investigation which was abnormal in 93% and the babygramme (X-ray of the foetal skeleton) which was abnormal in 53%. Maternal serology for infections was informative in 6.6% of the cases. CONCLUSION: We present here a protocol for the diagnostic management of stillbirth which is differentiated according to the circumstances surrounding the event. This should prove useful to reduce superfluous tests.
