Valor pronóstico de los parámetros hematológicos y los parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC con [18F]FDG en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello / Prognostic value of haematological parameters and [18F]FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters in head and neck cancer

Objetivo Determinar la utilidad de los cocientes neutrófilos/linfocitos (N/L) y plaquetas/linfocitos (P/L), así como de parámetros cuantitativos de la PET/TC con [18F]FDG, como factores pronósticos para la supervivencia global (SG), la supervivencia cáncer específica (SCE) y la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello (CyC) Material y métodos Se valoraron retrospectivamente 66 pacientes (56 hombres) diagnosticados de CyC durante un intervalo de 8años. Se determinaron los parámetros SUV máximo (SUVmax), volumen metabólico tumoral (MTV) y glucólisis tumoral total (TLG) del estudio PET/TC al diagnóstico. Tras tratamiento con quimiorradioterapia, se valoró la supervivencia de los pacientes. El modelo de regresión de Cox y el método de Kaplan-Meier se utilizaron para analizar factores pronósticos y curvas de supervivencia. Resultados El seguimiento medio fue de 50,4meses, produciéndose 39 recurrencias-progresiones y 39 fallecimientos. En el análisis univariante los parámetros metabólicos, excepto el SUVmax, fueron factores predictivos para las tres supervivencias, y los dos parámetros sanguíneos lo fueron para la SG y la SCE. La TLG fue el único factor predictivo en el análisis multivariante. Las tres curvas de supervivencias fueron significativamente diferentes para los parámetros metabólicos y la curva de SG para el cociente N/L. Se apreciaron correlaciones entre el cociente N/L, el MTV y la TLG. No se demostraron correlaciones entre el cociente P/L y los parámetros metabólicos. Conclusión El uso de marcadores hematológicos y metabólicos permitiría identificar pacientes con un alto riesgo de recurrencias y pobre supervivencia e individualizar el tratamiento aplicando terapias más agresivas (AU)

Aim To determine the usefulness of neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) and platelet/lymphocyte (P/L) ratios as well as quantitative [18F]FDG PET/CT parameters as prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HyN). Material and methods Sixty-six patients (56 men) diagnosed with HyN carcinoma were retrospectively assessed over an 8-year interval. Maximum SUV (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) parameters were determined from the PET/CT study at diagnosis. After treatment with chemoradiotherapy, patient survival was assessed. The Cox regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method were used to analyse prognostic factors and survival curves. Results Median follow-up was 50.4months, with 39 recurrences-progressions and 39 deaths. In the univariate analysis, metabolic parameters, except SUVmax, were predictive factors for all three survivals and the two blood parameters were predictive for OS and EFS. TLG was the only predictive factor in the multivariate analysis. The three survival curves were significantly different for the metabolic parameters and the OS curve for the N/L ratio. Correlations were seen between N/L ratio, MTV and TLG. No correlations were demonstrated between P/L ratio and metabolic parameters. Conclusion The use of haematological and metabolic markers would allow to identify patients with a high risk of recurrences and poor survival and to individualise treatment by applying more aggressive therapies (AU)

Cumplimentación del consentimiento informado en cirugía radioguiada por los servicios de Cirugía General y Medicina Nuclear de una unidad de cirugía radioguiada / Completion of the informed consent in radioguided surgery by the General Surgery and Nuclear Medicine services of a radioguided surgery unit

Objetivo Identificar la frecuencia de errores en los documentos de consentimiento informado en cirugía radioguiada en un hospital de tercer nivel y detectar posibles causas o factores asociados a un mayor riesgo de error. Material y método Se analizaron los consentimientos informados de un total de 369 intervenciones de cirugía radioguiada, cumplimentados por los servicios de Medicina Nuclear y Cirugía General, y se analizó el grado de cumplimentación de los mismos y su correlación con facultativos responsables, tipo de enfermedad e intervención, tiempo de espera y cumplimentación del consentimiento de la otra especialidad. Resultados Se identificaron errores en 22 consentimientos de Medicina Nuclear y 71 consentimientos de Cirugía General. El error más común fue la ausencia de identificación del facultativo responsable (17 en Medicina Nuclear, 51 en Cirugía General), y el segundo más común la ausencia de documento (2 en Medicina Nuclear, 20 en Cirugía General). Existieron diferencias significativas en los errores cometidos en función del médico responsable, sin encontrarse correlación significativa con el resto de las variables. Conclusiones Los médicos responsables fueron el principal factor asociado a un mayor riesgo de error en la cumplimentación de consentimientos informados. Serían recomendables nuevos estudios para analizar factores casuales y posibles intervenciones para minimizar errores (AU)

Objective To identify the frequency of errors in the informed consent documents in radioguided surgery in a third level hospital and to detect possible causes or factors associated with a greater risk of error. Material and method The informed consents of a total of 369 radioguided surgery interventions, completed by the Nuclear Medicine and General Surgery services, were analyzed, as well as their degree of completion and its correlation with responsible physicians, type of pathology and intervention, waiting time and completion of the consent of the other specialty. Results Errors were identified in 22 consent forms for Nuclear Medicine and 71 consent forms for General Surgery. The most common error was the absence of identification of the responsible physician (17 in Nuclear Medicine, 51 in General Surgery), and the second most common was the absence of a document (2 in Nuclear Medicine, 20 in General Surgery). There were significant differences in the errors made depending on the doctor in charge, without finding a significant correlation with the other variables. Conclusions The responsible physicians were the main factor associated with a greater risk of error in the completion of informed consent. New studies would be recommended to analyze causal factors and possible interventions to minimize errors (AU)

Criterios PERCIST, Hopkins y parámetros metabólicos de la PET/TC como factores pronósticos en el cáncer escamoso de cabeza y cuello / PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and PET/CT metabolic parameters as prognostic factors in squamous head and neck cancer

Objetivo Valorar la utilidad clínica de los criterios PERCIST, Hopkins y de los cambios en los parámetros cuantitativos de la PET/TC con [18F]FDG como factores pronósticos para la supervivencia libre de progresión (SLP) y la supervivencia cáncer específica (SCE) en pacientes con cáncer escamoso de cabeza y cuello tratados mediante quimiorradioterapia. Material y métodos Se valoraron retrospectivamente 40 pacientes (34 hombres) diagnosticados de cáncer escamoso de cabeza y cuello durante un intervalo de 8 años. Se utilizaron los criterios PERCIST y Hopkins para determinar la respuesta al tratamiento. Así mismo, se cuantificaron las variaciones de los parámetros metabólicos SUV máximo (ΔSUVmax), volumen metabólico tumoral (ΔMTV) y glicólisis tumoral total (ΔTLG) entre los estudios PET/TC pre- y postratamiento. El modelo de regresión de Cox, las curvas ROC y el método de Kaplan-Meier se aplicaron para el análisis de factores pronósticos y curvas de supervivencia. Resultado El seguimiento medio fue de 39,4 meses produciéndose 24 recidivas-progresiones y 22 muertes. Tanto los criterios PERCIST y Hopkins como los tres parámetros metabólicos fueron factores predictivos en análisis univariante y solo el ΔSUVmax en el multivariante. El análisis de supervivencia mostró curvas de SLP y SCE significativamente diferentes para los cinco parámetros considerados. Conclusión La aplicación de los criterios PERCIST y Hopkins, así como los ΔSUVmax, ΔMTV y ΔTLG de los estudios PET/TC demostraron ser factores pronósticos para la supervivencia en pacientes de nuestro entorno tratados por cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Los resultados podrían ayudar a personalizar el tratamiento (AU)

Aim To assess the clinical utility of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and changes in [18F]FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters as prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy. Material and methods Forty patients (34 men) diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively assessed over an interval of 8 years. PERCIST and Hopkins criteria were used to assess response to treatment. Variations in the metabolic parameters maximum SUV (ΔSUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (ΔMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) between pre- and post-treatment PET/CT studies were also determined. Cox regression model, ROC curves and Kaplan-Meier method were used for the analysis of prognostic factors and survival curves. Results The average follow-up was 39.4 months, with 24 progressions and 22 deaths. Both PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and the three metabolic parameters were predictive factors in the univariate analysis and only ΔSUVmax in the multivariate analysis. Survival analysis showed statistically significant differences in PFS and CSS curves for the five parameters considered. Conclusion Application of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria as well as ΔSUVmax, ΔMTV and ΔTLG from PET/CT studies proved to be prognostic factors for survival in patients in our setting treated for head and neck cancer. The results could help to personalize treatment (AU)

Completion of the informed consent in radioguided surgery by the General Surgery and Nuclear Medicine services of a radioguided surgery unit.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of errors in informed consent documents in radioguided surgery in a third level hospital and to detect possible causes or factors associated with a greater risk of error. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Informed consent forms of a total of 369 radioguided surgery interventions, completed by the Nuclear Medicine and General Surgery services, were analyzed, and the degree of completion of the forms and its correlation with the physicians responsible, type of pathology, intervention, and waiting time were compared with the completion of consent by another specialty. RESULTS: Errors were identified in 22 consent forms from Nuclear Medicine and 71 from General Surgery. The most common error was the absence of identification of the physician responsible (17 in Nuclear Medicine, 51 in General Surgery), and the second most common was the absence of a document (2 in Nuclear Medicine, 20 in General Surgery). There were significant differences in the errors made depending on the doctor in charge, with no significant correlation with the other variables. CONCLUSIONS: The physicians responsible were the main factor associated with a greater risk of error in the completion of informed consent forms. Further studies are needed to analyze the causal factors and possible interventions to minimize errors.

PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and PET/CT metabolic parameters as prognostic factors in squamous head and neck cancer.

AIM: To assess the clinical utility of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and changes in [18F]FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters as prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated by chemoradiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty patients (34 men) diagnosed with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively assessed over an interval of 8 years. PERCIST and Hopkins criteria were used to assess response to treatment. Variations in the metabolic parameters maximum SUV (ΔSUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (ΔMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (ΔTLG) between pre- and post-treatment PET/CT studies were also determined. The Cox regression model, ROC curves and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for the analysis of prognostic factors and survival curves. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 39.4 months, with 24 progressions and 22 deaths. Both PERCIST and Hopkins criteria and the three metabolic parameters were predictive factors in the univariate analysis and only ΔSUVmax was in the multivariate analysis. Survival analysis showed statistically significant differences in PFS and CSS curves for the five parameters considered. CONCLUSION: Application of PERCIST and Hopkins criteria as well as ΔSUVmax, ΔMTV and ΔTLG from PET/CT studies proved to be prognostic factors for survival in patients in our setting for treating head and neck cancer. The results may help to personalize treatment.

Longitudinal study in adolescent anorexia nervosa: evaluation of cortico-striatal and default mode network resting-state brain circuits.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) typically emerges in adolescence. The cortico-striatal system (CSTS) and the default mode network (DMN) are brain circuits with a crucial development during this period. These circuits underlie cognitive functions that are impaired in AN, such as cognitive flexibility and inhibition, among others. Little is known about their involvement in adolescent AN and how weight and symptom improvement might modulate potential alterations in these circuits. Forty-seven adolescent females (30 AN, 17 healthy control) were clinically/neuropsychologically evaluated and scanned during a 3T-MRI resting-state session on two occasions, before and after a 6-month multidisciplinary treatment of the AN patients. Baseline and baseline-to-follow-up between-group differences in CSTS and DMN resting-state connectivity were evaluated, as well as their association with clinical/neuropsychological variables. Increased connectivity between the left dorsal putamen and the left precuneus was found in AN at baseline. At follow-up, body mass index and clinical symptoms had improved in the AN group. An interaction effect was found in the connectivity between the right dorsal caudate to right mid-anterior insular cortex, with lower baseline AN connectivity that improved at follow-up; this improvement was weakly associated with changes in neuropsychological (Stroop test) performance. These results support the presence of CSTS connectivity alterations in adolescents with AN, which improve with weight and symptom improvement. In addition, at the level of caudate-insula connectivity, they might be associated with inhibitory processing performance. Alterations in CSTS pathways might be involved in AN from the early stages of the disorder.

The Efficacy and Biopharmaceutical Properties of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Disulfiram and Benzyl Benzoate.

Scabies and hair lice are parasitic diseases that affect human skin and hair, respectively. The incidence and resistances of these infections are increasing. Tenutex® (disulfiram and benzyl benzoate emulsion) is an alternative to standard insecticides to avoid resistances. The aim of the work is to evaluate the transdermal absorption and the in vitro efficacy against scabies and hair lice after different exposition times. Dermatomed human skin was used to assess the dermal absorption using a validated High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. HEK001 keratinocytes were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of benzyl benzoate. Only benzyl benzoate was able to cross the skin, but it did not show cytotoxicity at any of the tested concentrations. The product efficacy was tested on Psoroptes ovis after direct contact and after administration on sheep skin explants at different contact times. Permethrin/malathion-resistant strains of Pediculus humanis capitis adults and eggs were directly exposed to Tenutex, and the vitality and hatchability, respectively, were evaluated. The anti-scabies study demonstrated that exposure for 6 or 24 h completely eradicated the parasite. The pediculicidal activity of Tenutex exhibited superior efficacy than standard treatment on resistant lice. The positive results obtained suggest that Tenutex® is a good treatment option, especially in drug resistance situations.

Cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides con 18FCH. Mito o realidad / Radioguided parathyroid surgery with 18FCH. Myth or reality

El hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPTP) es la principal causa de hipercalcemia en pacientes no hospitalizados, estando causado en el 85-90% de los casos por un adenoma solitario. La cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides (CRGP), como técnica GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting), utiliza la SPECT-TC con 99mTc-MIBI como técnica de elección. La PET-TC con 18F-Colina (18FCH) puede emplearse en pacientes con 99mTc-MIBI negativo, obteniéndose sensibilidades próximas al 95%. El uso de la 18FCH en la CRGP es muy complejo recomendándose la utilización de otros trazadores como los 99mTc-Macroagregados (99mTc-MAA) o las semillas de Yodo-125 (125I-Semilla). La CRGP disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico, los costes hospitalarios y la morbilidad sobre el paciente, con una elevada efectividad y eficiencia. (AU)

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the main cause of hypercalcemia in non-hospitalized patients, being caused in 85-90% of cases by a solitary adenoma. Radioguided parathyroid surgery (RGPS), as a GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting) technique, uses SPECT-TC with 99mTc -MIBI as the technique of choice. PET-TC with 18F-Choline (18FCH) can be used in patients with negative 99mTc-MIBI, obtaining sensitivities close to 95%. The use of 18FCH in CRGP is very complex, recommending the use of other tracers such as 99mTc-Macroaggregates (99mTc-MAA) or Iodine-125 seeds (125I-Seed). RGPS reduces surgical time, hospital costs and patient morbidity, with high effectiveness and efficiency. (AU)

The p.Glu787Lys variant in the GRIA3 gene causes developmental and epileptic encephalopathy mimicking structural epilepsy in a female patient.

The GRIA3 gene is located in the X chromosome and encodes for one of the subunits (iGluR3) of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR), an excitatory synaptic transmission receptor present in most parts of the brain. iGluR3 dysfunction has been associated with both abnormal memory formation and learning. It has been observed in patients with different neurological and cognitive disorders, including epilepsy. Three different de novo missense variants of GRIA3 have recently been reported in patients with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (DEE). We report on a female pediatric patient with DEE whose clinical picture mimicked structural epilepsy. We give a detailed description of our patient's most important electro-clinical features. Genetic analysis revealed that the patient carried a de novo missense variant in GRIA3 (c.2359G>A; p.Glu787Lys). The p.Glu787Lys variant had previously been reported in a male pediatric patient. Additionally, we studied iGluR3 expression in the patient and control fibroblasts. We found significantly lower iGluR3 expression in the patient's fibroblasts than in controls and different responses to glutamate treatment. In summary, our report expands knowledge of GRIA3 variants affecting boys and girls, describes functional studies of these variants, and provides an extensive review of the literature concerning GRIA3 genetic variants.

Visual memory improvement in adolescents at high risk for suicide who are receiving psychotherapy at a community clinic.

The current study aims to: 1) investigate cognitive differences among adolescents at risk for suicide versus healthy controls (HC) and 2) identify cognitive changes associated with response to psychotherapy among adolescents at high risk for suicide. Thirty-five adolescents at high risk for suicide (HR), and 14 HC adolescents were recruited. Clinical and cognitive assessments were conducted in both groups at baseline and 16 weeks later (after the patients completed psychotherapy). HR and HC adolescents were compared at baseline and at completion of the study. We also conducted further analysis by separating into two groups the HR adolescents who responded to psychotherapy (n=17) and those who did not (n=11). At baseline, the HR group had significantly lower performance on verbal memory and processing speed than the HC group. At week 16, HR adolescents performed as well as HC adolescents in all cognitive domains. Among patients, better performance on visual memory was observed in those who responded to psychotherapy compared to those who did not. We concluded that lower performance on verbal memory and processing speed may be associated with a high risk for suicide among adolescents. Improvement in visual memory might be related to a lower risk for suicide in adolescents.

Cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides / Radioguided parathyroid surgery

El hiperparatiroidismo primario es la principal causa de hipercalcemia en pacientes no hospitalizados, estando causado en el 85-90 % de los casos por un adenoma solitario. La cirugía radioguiada (CRG) es una técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva que emplea medicamentos radiofármacos para facilitar la localización y extirpación de lesiones benignas o malignas. La cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides (CRGP), como técnica GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting) y mínimamente invasiva, precisa de una prueba de diagnóstico por la imagen que permita localizar anatómicamente la lesión y establecer su comportamiento funcional. El MIBI-99mTc es el trazador de elección, debiendo siempre incluir estudios tomográficos, especialmente la SPECT-CT. Se emplea durante la CRGP junto con sondas intraoperatorias, gammacámaras y dispositivos SPECT portátiles, herramientas de navegación y sistemas robóticos laparoscópicos. La CRGP disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico, los costes hospitalarios y la morbilidad sobre el paciente, con una elevada efectividad y eficiencia

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the main cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients. It is caused in 85-90 % of cases by a solitary adenoma. Radioguided surgery (RGS) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that uses radiopharmaceutical drugs to facilitate the location and removal of benign or malignant lesions. Radioguided parathyroid surgery (RGPS), as a GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting) technique and minimally invasive, requires a diagnostic imaging test to anatomically locate the lesion and establish its functional behavior. The MIBI-99mTc is the tracer of choice, and should always include tomographic studies, especially the SPECT-CT. This radiotracer is used during the RGPS together with intraoperative probes, gammacameras and portable SPECT devices, navigation tools and laparoscopic robotic systems. The RGPS reduces surgical time, hospital costs and patient morbidity with high effectiveness and efficiency

Linfoma folicular cutáneo agresivo en un estudio 18F-FDG PET/TC / Aggressive cutaneous follicular lymphoma in a 18F-FDG PET/CT study

No disponible

Sarcoma radioinducido tras radioterapia en cáncer de mama en un estudio 18F-FDG PET/TC / Radiation-induced sarcoma after radiotherapy for breast cancer in a 18F-FDG PET/CT study

No disponible

Estudio 18F-FDG PET/TC en un caso inusual de enfermedad de Rosai-Dorfman / Inusual case of Rosai-Dorfman disease in a 18F-FDG PET/CT study

No disponible

Adapted Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents with a High Risk of Suicide in a Community Clinic: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This study is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial, which compares the effectiveness of an adapted form of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents (DBT-A) and treatment as usual plus group sessions (TAU + GS) to reduce suicidal risk for adolescents in a community health mental clinic. METHOD: Thirty-five adolescents from a community outpatient clinic, with repetitive NSSI alone or with SA over the last 12 months and with current high suicide risk as assessed by the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to undergo either DBT-A (n = 18) or TAU + GT (n = 17) treatments over a 16-week period. Primary outcomes were the difference between NSSI and SA recorded during the first 4 weeks and the final 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included changes in Children's Global Assessment Scale (C-GAS), Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ-JR), and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). RESULTS: Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Adolescents was more effective than TAU + GS at reducing NSSI, use of antipsychotics, and improving C-GAS. No SAs were reported in the two groups at the end of the treatment. Both treatments were equally effective in decreasing SIQ-JR and BDI-II scores. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the feasibility and effectiveness of DBT-A for adolescents at high risk of suicide in community settings.

Fronto-Limbic Connectivity as a Predictor of Improvement in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents Following Psychotherapy.

Objectives: Key neurobiological factors contribute to vulnerability to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents and how they respond to treatment targeted to reduce such behaviors. This study aims to examine differences in intrinsic functional connectivity between adolescents with NSSI and healthy controls (HCs) and to identify baseline connectivity markers that predict improvements in NSSI after psychotherapy. Methods: Adolescents aged 12-17 (n = 24) with repetitive NSSI along with demographically similar HCs (n = 16) underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning after which patients received up to 4 months of psychological treatment. A seed-based approach was used to examine baseline between-group differences in intrinsic functional connectivity of the amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Further analyses examined the associations between intrinsic functional connectivity at baseline and improvement in NSSI after psychological treatment. Results: Compared with HCs, adolescents with NSSI showed significantly reduced connectivity between the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex, subcallosal cortex, and paracingulate gyrus, as well as between the amygdala and a cluster encompassing the right planum temporale and right insula. Adolescents with NSSI, compared with HCs, also showed reduced connectivity between the mPFC and two clusters: one located in the precentral and postcentral gyri and another in the left insula. After treatment, 50% of patients reported fewer NSSI episodes compared to baseline, which was considered as improvement. Stronger negative amygdala-prefrontal connectivity was associated with greater posttreatment improvement in NSSI. Conclusions: Adolescents with NSSI may have aberrant amygdala and mPFC connectivity compared with HCs. Furthermore, stronger baseline negative amygdala-prefrontal connectivity may predict greater improvement in NSSI after psychological intervention. Given that no prior study has used resting-state functional connectivity to predict response to psychological treatment in adolescents with NSSI, replication of these findings is needed.