Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Water Samples of the Gulf of Mexico Show Similar Virulence Properties but Different Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles than Clinical Isolates.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen found in a wide variety of environments, including soil, water, and habitats associated with animals, humans, and plants. From a One Health perspective, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, it is important to study the virulence characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of environmental bacteria. In this study, we compared the virulence properties and the antibiotic resistance profiles of seven isolates collected from the Gulf of Mexico with those of seven clinical strains of P. aeruginosa. Our results indicate that the marine and clinical isolates tested exhibit similar virulence properties; they expressed different virulence factors and were able to kill Galleria mellonella larvae, an animal model commonly used to analyze the pathogenicity of many bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the clinical strains showed higher antibiotic resistance than the marine isolates. Consistently, the clinical strains exhibited a higher prevalence of class 1 integron, an indicator of anthropogenic impact, compared with the marine isolates. Thus, our results indicate that the P. aeruginosa marine strains analyzed in this study, isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, have similar virulence properties, but lower antibiotic resistance, than those from hospitals.

Factors associated to apical overfilling after a thermoplastic obturation technique - Calamus® or Guttacore®: a randomized clinical experiment.

The aims of this study were to analyze whether age, tooth type and sex are related to radiographically visible extrusion of filling material as an unintended outcome in teeth undergoing endodontic treatment with a thermoplastic obturation technique (Calamus® or GuttaCore®) and to determine whether the presence of such overfilling is associated to postoperative pain. We selected 120 teeth with diagnoses involving vital pulp and indication for endodontic treatment. Biomechanical preparation was performed using the Protaper Next® system with X2 or X3 master apical file. Teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=60). Teeth in Group 1 were filled with the Guttacore® system and teeth in Group 2 were filled with single cone technique and Calamus® obturation system. Thermoplastic obturation techniques were found to cause overfilling in 53. 33% of the total cases (64 teeth) (56. 66% in Guttacore® group and 50% in the Calamus® group). Anterior teeth were found to be associated to presence of overfilling (p= 0. 024) (OR = 4. 35). Of the 120 teeth treated, 10 (8. 33%) presented postoperative pain and radiographically visible overfilling. The association between presence of extruded filling material and mild/moderate pain was statistically significant withp = 0. 002. To conclude, endodontic thermoplastic obturation with Guttacore® and Calamus® systems are significantly associated with the probability of filling material extrusion, and overfilling is associated to postoperative pain. Anterior teeth are 4 times more likely to be overfilled with the obturation techniques tested.

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: Analizar si factores como la edad, el tipo de diente y el género están asociados con la extrusión de material obturador radiográficamente visible como desenlace imprevisto en dientes sometidos a tratamiento endodóntico con una técnica de obturación termoplástica (Calamus® o GuttaCore®) y determinar si la presencia de esta sobreobturación está asociada con dolor posoperatorio. Se seleccionaron 120 dientes con diagnósticos que implicaban pulpa vital y con indicación de tratamiento de endodoncia. La preparación biomecánica se llevó a cabo con el sistema ProtaperNext® con lima apical principal X2 o X3. Los dientes se dividieron aleatoriamente de la siguiente forma (n=60): El grupo 1 se obturó con el sistema Guttacore® y el grupo 2 se obturó con una técnica de obturación de cono único y el sistema de obturación Calamus®. Se observó quelas técnicas de obturación termoplástica generaron sobreobturación en 53. 33% del total (64 dientes), 56. 66% se presentaron en el grupo de obturación con Guttacore® y 50% en el grupo de la técnica con el sistema Calamus®. Se encontró que los dientes anteriores presentaron asociación con la presencia de sobreobturación (p= 0. 024) (OR=4. 35). De los 120 dientes tratados, 10 (8. 33 %) presentaron dolor posoperatorio y sobreobturación radiográficamente visible. La asociación entre la presencia de extrusión de material de obturación y dolor leve-moderado fue estadísticamente significativa con un valorp= 0. 002. Como conclusión las técnicas de obturación termoplástica en endodoncia Guttacore® y el sistema Calamus® están asociadas significativamente con la probabilidad de extrusión de material obturador y dicha sobreobturación está asociada con dolor posoperatorio, los dientes anteriores presentan 4 veces más riesgo de sobreobturación con las técnicas de obturación utilizadas.

Factors associated to apical overfilling after a thermoplastic obturation technique - Calamus(R) or Guttacore(R): a randomized clinical experiment / Factores asociados con la presencia de sobreobturación apical posterior a una técnica de obturación termoplástica Calamus® o Guttacore®: experimento clínico aleatorizado

The aims of this study were to analyze whether age, tooth type and sex are related to radiographically visible extrusion of filling material as an unintended outcome in teeth undergoing endodontic treatment with a thermoplastic obturation technique (Calamus® or GuttaCore®) and to determine whether the presence of such overfilling is associated to postoperative pain. We selected 120 teeth with diagnoses involving vital pulp and indication for endodontic treatment. Biomechanical preparation was performed using the Protaper Next® system with X2 or X3 master apical file. Teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=60). Teeth in Group 1 were filled with the Guttacore® system and teeth in Group 2 were filled with single cone technique and Calamus® obturation system. Thermoplastic obturation techniques were found to cause overfilling in 53.33% of the total cases (64 teeth) (56.66% in Guttacore® group and 50% in the Calamus® group). Anterior teeth were found to be associated to presence of overfilling (p= 0.024) (OR = 4.35). Of the 120 teeth treated, 10 (8.33%) presented postoperative pain and radiographically visible overfilling. The association between presence of extruded filling material and mild/moderate pain was statistically significant with p = 0.002. To conclude, endodontic thermoplastic obturation with Guttacore® and Calamus® systems are significantly associated with the probability of filling material extrusion, and overfilling is associated to postoperative pain. Anterior teeth are 4 times more likely to be overfilled with the obturation techniques tested (AU)

Los objetivos de esta investigación fueron: Analizar si factores como la edad, el tipo de diente y el género están asociados con la extrusión de material obturador radiográficamente visible como desenlace imprevisto en dientes sometidos a tratamiento endodóntico con una técnica de obturación termoplástica (Calamus® o GuttaCore®) y determinar si la presencia de esta sobreobturación está asociada con dolor posoperatorio. Se seleccionaron 120 dientes con diagnósticos que implicaban pulpa vital y con indicación de tratamiento de endodoncia. La preparación biomecánica se llevó a cabo con el sistema ProtaperNext® con lima apical principal X2 o X3. Los dientes se dividieron aleatoriamente de la siguiente forma (n=60): El grupo 1 se obturó con el sistema Guttacore® y el grupo 2 se obturó con una técnica de obturación de cono único y el sistema de obturación Calamus®. Se observó quelas técnicas de obturación termoplástica generaron sobreobturación en 53.33% del total (64 dientes), 56.66% se presentaron en el grupo de obturación con Guttacore® y 50% en el grupo de la técnica con el sistema Calamus®. Se encontró que los dientes anteriores presentaron asociación con la presencia de sobreobturación (p= 0.024) (OR=4.35). De los 120 dientes tratados, 10 (8.33 %) presentaron dolor posoperatorio y sobreobturación radiográficamente visible. La asociación entre la presencia de extrusión de material de obturación y dolor levemoderado fue estadísticamente significativa con un valor p= 0.002. Como conclusión las técnicas de obturación termoplástica en endodoncia Guttacore® y el sistema Calamus® están asociadas significativamente con la probabilidad de extrusión de material obturador y dicha sobreobturación está asociada con dolor posoperatorio, los dientes anteriores presentan 4 veces más riesgo de sobreobturación con las técnicas de obturación utilizadas (AU)

Past and future regret and missed opportunities: an experimental approach on separate evaluation and different time frames.

Decisions often imply trade-offs that force people to accept missing an opportunity in the past or in the future. However, it is not fully clear whether a past miss or a future miss elicits more regret. In a direct comparison, previous research had found support for the greater impact of future misses. In an experimental study with 216 participants, we replicated and extended previous research by testing the strength of the future miss in a separate evaluation and with different periods. Results show that, when evaluated separately, future misses caused less regret than past misses. However, future misses made participants change their feelings of regret more intensely than past misses did. Also, regret levels did not decrease when future misses were further away. Our findings support the strength of future misses on regret but also show contrasting effects when evaluated separately.

Past and future regret and missed opportunities: an experimental approach on separate evaluation and different time frames

Abstract Decisions often imply trade-offs that force people to accept missing an opportunity in the past or in the future. However, it is not fully clear whether a past miss or a future miss elicits more regret. In a direct comparison, previous research had found support for the greater impact of future misses. In an experimental study with 216 participants, we replicated and extended previous research by testing the strength of the future miss in a separate evaluation and with different periods. Results show that, when evaluated separately, future misses caused less regret than past misses. However, future misses made participants change their feelings of regret more intensely than past misses did. Also, regret levels did not decrease when future misses were further away. Our findings support the strength of future misses on regret but also show contrasting effects when evaluated separately.

Descripción del intento de suicidio como constructo de violencia en la población pediátrica femenina / Description of attempted suicide as a construct of violence among female pediatric population / Descrição da tentativa de suicídio como constructo de violência na população pediátrica feminina

RESUMEN Objetivo: caracterizar clínicamente el intento de suicidio desde el enfoque del constructo de violencia en la población pediátrica femenina. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y transversal, multivariado, desarrollado en el Hospital Infantil Los Ángeles de la ciudad de Pasto (Nariño), sobre la atención de pacientes femeninas entre 10 y 17 años, con diagnóstico de intento de suicidio, entre los años 2009 a 2014. Resultados: 97 pacientes (IC:95%, Z=1,96, e:10, p=50%). Mayor incidencia entre los 13 y 16 años (88%), predominio año 2011 (37%) y en los meses de abril, mayo, julio y agosto. Municipios de Nariño con mayor número de casos: Pasto, La Unión y El Tambo (56%). Putumayo (21%). Intentos de suicidio previos (33%). Mecanismo mayormente utilizado: ingestión de tóxicos y medicamentos (92%). Como factores de riesgo emocional: las discusiones con familiares (32%), las relaciones afectivas fallidas (14%) y la convivencia diferente a sus padres (17%), representan más del 88%. Subregistro en la determinación de violencia intrafamiliar, abuso sexual y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (70%). Valoración por parte de psicología (98%), y por psiquiatría (65%), frente a una ideación suicida y seguimientos menores del 5%. Discusión: la caracterización clínica del intento de suicidio desde el constructo de violencia, teniendo en cuenta el análisis de los diferentes factores de riesgo, permitirán identificar el abordaje clínico de las pacientes, fuente del adecuado plan de tratamiento, seguimiento y pautas de prevención, como base correlativa y reproducible para el manejo multidisciplinario.

ABSTRACT Objective: to characterize attempted suicide clinically from the perspective of the construct of violence among female pediatric population. Methodology: a descriptive, retrospective, cross -sectional and multivariate study conducted at the Los Ángeles Children's Hospital in the city of Pasto, Nariño. The study focused on the care provided to female patients aged 10 to 17 and diagnosed with attempted suicide between 2009 and 2014. Results: a total of 97 patients (95% CI, Z = 1.96, e: 10, p = 50%) were studied. There was increased incidence among those aged 13 to 16 (88%). Incidence was predominant in 2011 (37%) and in the months of April, May, July and August. Municipalities of Nariño with more cases: Pasto, La Union, El Tambo (56%), Putumayo (21%). Previous suicide attempts: 33%. Most used mechanism: ingestion of toxic and drugs (92%). Emotional risk factors: having arguments with family members (32%), failed emotional relationships (14%) and different coexistence with their parents (17%). These represent more than 88%. Registration in the determination of domestic violence, sexual abuse and psychoactive substance use (70%). Rating by psychology (98%), and psychiatry (65%) compared with suicidal ideation and minor follow-up of 5%. Discussion: the clinical characterization of attempted suicide based on the construct of violence becomes perennial. Furthermore, taking into account the analysis of the different risk factors will make it possible to identify the clinical way to approach patients, the source of an appropriate treatment plan and the monitoring and prevention guidelines as a correlative and reproducible basis for multidisciplinary handling.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar clinicamente o intento de suicídio desde o enfoque do constructo de violência na população pediátrica feminina. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal, multivariado, desenvolvido no Hospital Infantil Los Angeles da cidade de Pasto (Nariño), sobre a atenção de pacientes femininas entre 10 e 17 anos, com diagnóstico de intento de suicídio, entre os anos 2009 a 2014. Resultados: 97 pacientes (IC: 95%, Z=1,96, e: 10, p=50%). Maior incidência entre os 13 e 16 anos (88%), predomínio ano 2011 (37%) e nos meses de abril, maio, julho e agosto. Municípios de Nariño com maior número de casos: Pasto, La Unión e El Tambo (56%). Putumayo (21%). Intentos de suicídio prévios (33%). Mecanismo maiormente utilizado: ingestão de tóxicos e medicamentos (92%). Como fatores de risco emocional: as discussões com familiares (32%), as relaciones afetivas falidas (14%) e a convivência diferente aos seus pais (17%), representam mais do 88%. Menos registro na determinação de violência intrafamiliar, abuso sexual e consumo de sustâncias psicoativas (70%). Valoração por parte de psicologia (98%), e por psiquiatria (65%), frente a uma ideação suicida e seguimentos menores do 5%. Discussão: a caracterização clínica do intento de suicídio desde o constructo de violência se faz perene, levando em conta o análise dos diferentes fatores de risco, permitirá identificar a abordagem clínica das pacientes, fonte do adequado plano de tratamento, seguimento e pautas de prevenção, como base correlativa e reproduzível para o manejo multidisciplinar.

Trombosis venosa axilosubclavia por compresión en el estrecho torácico / Axillosubclavian venous thrombosis due to compression in the thoracic strait

La trombosis venosa axilosubclavia es una complicación del síndrome del estrecho torácico que determina frecuentemente secuelas de hipertensión venosa crónica.El tratamiento habitual de decompresión pedicular mediante resección por vía axilar de la primera costilla mejora la sintomatología pero no previene dichas secuelas, señalándose que el tratamiento con fibrinolíticos podría obtener una permeabilidad venosa adecuada a largo plazo.A propósito de un caso de trombosis venosa axilosubclavia secundaria a compresión en el estrecho torácico se hace una revisión de los aspectos morfológicos y diagnósticos de esta situación, planteando las opciones terapéuticas que pueden ofrecer los mejores resultados (AU)