Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 4 de 4
Filter
Add more filters










Publication year range
2.
Nutr Hosp ; 21(5): 581-90, 2006.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17044604

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of oral nutritional supplements analyzing the reason for prescription and its implication in caloric-protein intake. SETTING: study performed at a university hospital of 350 beds with medical and surgical specialties. SUBJECTS, PATIENTS: Patients inclusion was done by selecting all starting oral nutritional supplement prescription. Exclusion criteria were being younger than 18 years, being admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, having cognition or communication impairments, being on concomitant parenteral nutrition or requiring complete enteral diet, and/or using nasogastric tube for feeding. We also excluded special enteral diets, specifically designed for certain conditions. INTERVENTIONS: One-year long prospective study on prescription of oral nutritional supplements. Through clinical chart review and personal interview, we recorded demographic data, nutritional parameters, characteristics of the diet and supplement, and caloricprotein intake prescribed and ingested. The data were introduced in an Access97 database and processed by means of SPSS software for Windows. We performed a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative variables, a chi2 analysis between qualitative variables, and a comparative analysis between means of all paired data by means of the student's t test, and variance analysis between quantitative variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: we were only able to analyze 77 out of 130 prescriptions for nutritional supplements since we could not adequately interview the remaining patients, mainly due to neurological impairments. Mean age was 74.8 years (SD = 12) and 50.6% were women. The departments prescribing the highest number of supplements were hematology (22.1%) and internal medicine (20.8%). GI neoplasm was the most frequent diagnosis at admission (27.3%). The most frequent indication was kwashiorkor (45.5%), with 15.6% of patients being well nourished. Mean therapy duration was 11 days (SD = 11.1), and the main reason for termination was hospital discharge (70.1%). The supplement was concomitantly prescribed with the meals in 70.6% of the cases, and more than half of the patients (70.1%) liked it, the most frequently prescribed was as a cream (61%) and the best accepted being as a liquid (78%). The average daily caloric load ingested with the foods of the hospital diet was similar between the first an third days of supplement prescription (p = 0.879) and the first and seventh days (p = 0.499). So happened when analyzing protein intake. With the supplement administration, there was a significant increase in patients' caloric intake from 310 Kcal at the third day to 337 Kcal at the seventh day (p < 0.0005) in both cases. Similar results were obtained when assessing total protein load ingested (p < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional supplements are correctly used in most of the cases. They allow for a significant increase in the protein-caloric intake with no modification of hospital diet, becoming an appropriate nutritional source when the diet is insufficient.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , Enteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , Male
3.
Nutr. hosp ; 21(5): 581-590, sept.-oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-049884

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Evaluar la utilización de suplementos nutricionales orales analizando el motivo de su prescripción y su implicación en el aporte calórico-proteico ingerido. Ámbito: Estudio realizado en un hospital universitario de 350 camas, que dispone de especialidades médicas y quirúrgicas. Sujetos, pacientes: La inclusión de pacientes se realizó mediante selección de todas las prescripciones de inicio de suplemento nutricional oral. Los criterios de exclusión fueron ser menor de 18 años, estar ingresado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, presentar problemas cognitivos o de comunicación, seguir tratamiento concomitante con nutrición parenteral o precisar dieta enteral completa, y/o ser portador de sonda nasogástrica para alimentación. También se excluyeron las dietas enterales especiales, que están diseñadas específicamente para algunas patologías. Intervenciones: Estudio longitudinal y prospectivo de la prescripción de suplementos nutricionales por vía oral realizado durante un año. Mediante revisión de la historia clínica y entrevista personalizada, se registraron datos demográficos, parámetros nutricionales, características de la dieta y del suplemento, y aporte calórico-proteico prescrito e ingerido. Los datos fueron introducidos en una base de datos Access 97 y procesados mediante el programa SPSS para Windows. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas, un análisis de χ2 entre variables cualitativas, un análisis de comparación de medias para datos apareados mediante una t Student y un análisis de la varianza entre variables cuantitativas. El nivel de significación establecido fue p < 0,05. Resultados: De 130 prescripciones de suplemento nutricional, se analizaron 77 por la imposibilidad de entrevistar correctamente al resto de pacientes, principalmente por motivos neurológicos. El promedio de edad fue de 74,8 años (DE = 12) y el 50,6% eran mujeres. Los servicios que prescribieron mayor número de suplementos fueron hematología (22,1%) y medicina interna (20,8%).La neoplasia digestiva fue el diagnóstico de ingreso más frecuente (27,3%). La indicación mayoritaria fue el kwashiorkor (45,5%), observándose un 15,6% de pacientes no malnutridos. La duración media del tratamiento fue de 11 días (DE = 11,1) y el principal motivo de fin, el alta hospitalaria (70,1%). El suplemento se prescribió concomitante con las comidas en el 70,6% de los casos y gustó a más de la mitad de los pacientes (70,1%), siendo el de tipo crema el más prescrito (61%) y el líquido el mejor aceptado (78%). El promedio del aporte calórico diario ingerido con los alimentos de la dieta hospitalaria fue similar entre el día de la prescripción del suplemento y el tercer día (p = 0,879), así como entre el primero y el séptimo (p = 0,499). De forma parecida sucedía al valorar la ingesta proteica. Con la administración del suplemento, se produjo un aumento significativo en la ingesta del paciente de 310 kcal a los 3 días y de 337 kcal a la semana (p < 0,0005 en ambos casos).Resultados similares se obtuvieron en la valoración del aporte proteico total ingerido (p < 0,0005). Conclusiones: Los suplementos nutricionales se utilizan correctamente en la mayoría de los casos. Permiten aumentar significativamente el aporte calórico-proteico ingerido, no modificando la ingesta de la dieta hospitalaria, pudiendo ser una fuente nutricional apropiada que complemente a la dieta cuando ésta resulta insuficiente (AU)


Objective: to assess the use of oral nutritional supplements analyzing the reason for prescription and its implication in caloric-protein intake. Setting: study performed at a university hospital of 350 beds with medical and surgical specialties. Subjects, patients: Patients inclusion was done by selecting all starting oral nutritional supplement prescription.Exclusion criteria were being younger than 18 years, being admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, having cognition or communication impairments, being on concomitant parenteral nutrition or requiring complete enteral diet, and/or using nasogastric tube for feeding. We also excluded special enteral diets, specifically designed for certain conditions. Interventions: One-year long prospective study on prescription of oral nutritional supplements. Through clinical chart review and personal interview, we recorded demographic data, nutritional parameters, characteristics of the diet and supplement, and caloricprotein intake prescribed and ingested. The data were introduced in an Access 97 database and processed by means of SPSS software for Windows®.We performed a descriptive study of quantitative and qualitative variables, a χ2 analysis between qualitative variables, and a comparative analysis between means of all paired data by means of the student´s t test, and variance analysis between quantitative variables. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: we were only able to analyze 77 out of 130 prescriptions for nutritional supplements since we could not adequately interview the remaining patients, mainly due to neurological impairments. Mean age was 74.8 years (SD = 12) and 50.6% were women. The departments prescribing the highest number of supplements were hematology (22.1%) and internal medicine (20.8%). GI neoplasm was the most frequent diagnosis at admission (27.3%). The most frequent indication was kwashiorkor (45.5%), with 15.6% of patients being well nourished.Mean therapy duration was 11 days (SD = 11.1), and the main reason for termination was hospital discharge (70.1%). The supplement was concomitantly prescribed with the meals in 70.6% of the cases, and more than half of the patients (70.1%) liked it, the most frequently prescribed was as a cream (61%) and the best accepted being as a liquid (78%). The average daily caloric load ingested with the foods of the hospital diet was similar between the first an third days of supplement prescription (p =0.879) and the first and seventh days (p = 0.499). So happened when analyzing protein intake. With the supplement administration, there was a significant increase in patients´ caloric intake from 310 Kcal at the third day to 337 Kcal at the seventh day (p < 0.0005) in both cases. Similar results were obtained when assessing total protein load ingested (p < 0.0005). Conclusions: Nutritional supplements are correctly used in most of the cases. They allow for a significant increase in the protein-caloric intake with no modification of hospital diet, becoming an appropriate nutritional source when the diet is insufficient (AU)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , Enteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Energy Intake , Prospective Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Follow-Up Studies
4.
Med. integral (Ed. impr) ; 37(10): 443-456, mayo 2001. tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-7342

ABSTRACT

Los fármacos antirretrovirales actúan en dos fases fundamentales del ciclo replicativo del VIH. Unos fármacos inhiben la transcriptasa inversa (TI), evitando la síntesis de la cadena de ADN proviral, y otros inhiben la proteasa, evitando la formación de las proteínas estructurales del VIH, necesarias para la formación de partículas virales maduras. En función de estos fármacos, el tratamiento de la infección por el VIH se basa en la actualidad en la combinación de 3 o más fármacos antirretrovirales que inhiben la TI (tratamiento convergente) o la TI y la proteasa del VIH (tratamiento divergente). En el siguiente capítulo se describen las indicaciones de tratamiento antirretroviral y las combinaciones de fármacos antirretrovirales utilizadas. En este capítulo se describe la estructura química, el mecanismo de acción, la actividad in vitro, las características farmacocinéticas, las interacciones medicamentosas, los efectos secundarios, la posología, el nombre y las presentaciones comerciales de los fármacos antirretrovirales que se pueden utilizar en la actualidad (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , HIV , Antiviral Agents/pharmacokinetics , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/chemistry , HIV/physiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Nucleosides/agonists
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...