Chiral rhodium complexes covalently anchored on carbon nanotubes for enantioselective hydrogenation.

Chiral rhodium hybrid nanocatalysts have been prepared by covalent anchorage of pyrrolidine-based diphosphine ligands onto functionalized CNTs. This work constitutes the first attempt at covalent anchoring of homogeneous chiral catalysts on CNTs. The catalysts, prepared with two different chiral phosphines, were characterized by ICP, XPS, N2 adsorption and TEM, and have been tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of two different substrates: methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate and α-acetamidocinnamic acid. The hybrid nanocatalysts have shown to be active and enantioselective in the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid. A good recyclability of the catalysts with low leaching and without loss of activity and enantioselectivity was observed.

Tratamiento quirúrgico del secuestro pulmonar extralobar de diagnóstico prenatal / Surgical treatment of extralobar pulmonary sequestration diagnosed prenatally

No disponible

Giant perineal hernia: laparoscopic mesh repair complemented by a perineal cutaneous approach.

Symptomatic perineal herniation after abdominoperineal resection is a rare complication and its management remains challenging. Perineal laparoscopic mesh repair is safe and effective and can be performed with minimal complications. We report a giant perineal hernia treated by a combined laparoscopic mesh repair approach and plastic resection of the cutaneous perineal wound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report with this technical approach that we could find in the English literature.

Hybrid catalysts based on carbon nanotubes and nanofibres.

Hybrid catalysts have been prepared by the immobilization of a Rh complex on carbon nanotubes and nanofibres. To tether the complex, a siloxane type bond has been created by reaction of a trimetoxisilane end of a ligand and -OH phenol type groups on the supports surface. The hybrid catalysts have been tested in the hydrogenation of three different substrates: cyclohexene (as a test for activity), carvone (to analyze the chemoselectivity) and 2-metyhl acetamidoacrylate (to evaluate enantioselectivity, using BINAP as chiral ligand). The obtained results show that the hybrid catalysts are more active than the homogeneous complex. The enhanced activity has been related to a confinement effect, produced as a consequence of the metal complex location inside the tubular structures of the supports. The enantioselectivity is opposite for the heterogenized and the homogeneous complex. Some differences have been found between the properties of catalysts prepared with nanotubes and nanofibres, which have been related to differences in the tube inner diameter.

The European contribution to "Sugarbaker's protocol" for the treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis.

INTRODUCTION: In 1981, Dr. PH Sugarbaker, challenging oncological orthodoxy, considered carcinomatosis to be a locoregional stage of the disease that was still susceptible to treatment with curative intent. To this end he developed a new therapeutic alternative based on the combined treatment. The macroscopic disease treated by maximum radical oncological cytoreductive surgery (through the peritonectomies described by him), followed by treatment of the residual microscopic disease with the direct intra-abdominal application of intraoperative chemotherapy with locoregional intensification, modulated by hyperthermia and early normothermic postoperative intra-abdominal chemotherapy. Using this new therapeutic regimen, known as "Sugarbaker s Protocol", his group has reported 45% survival rates in carcinomatosis of colorectal origin at 5 years, and, in selected groups of patients, 50% survival rates at 5 years. The scientific community, however, has criticized these results considering that: it is a personal experience, with a not homogenous treatment protocol with developmental modifications over time, that it is a retrospective non-randomized study, and finally that the cytostatics used in his protocol are obsolete. Various European groups have replied to these main criticisms confirming the good results that this new therapeutic alternative offers for patients with carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. The purpose of this article is to present these contributions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All the articles published in the English language by European groups in the world s medical literature have been reviewed using the Pubmed-MEDLINE database to identify the relevant articles related to the treatment of carcinomatosis of colorectal origin using cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy from January 1980 to January 2008. RESULTS: The European contribution during these 25 years in favour of the "Sugarbaker s Protocol" has consisted fundamentally in: a) one multicenter retrospective study; b) two randomized prospective phase III studies; and c) the use of oxaliplatin and irinotecan as new cytostatic agents in the protocols for intraperitoneal chemotherapy. At the same time, two new transcendental European contributions have been made in which the possibility has been considered of combined simultaneous treatment for patients with hepatic metastases and carcinomatosis, and the introduction, as a selection factor, of patients responsive to intravenous induction chemotherapy within the regimen of sandwich treatment (with systemic neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy) complementary to intraperitoneal chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained by European groups using "Sugarbaker s protocol" and "Elias protocol" with oxaliplatin compel us to request that these treatments be considered by all professionals involved in the treatment of patients with colorectal carcinomatosis as the best treatment currently available for this condition. Furthermore a randomized, prospective, multicenter study should be carried out to clarify its value and the degree of scientific evidence. A validation of this treatment will change, in the future, the dogmatic consideration of carcinomatosis as an incurable disease stage.

Aportación europea al “protocolo de Sugarbaker” en el tratamiento de la carcinomatosis peritoneal colorrectal / The European contribution to "Sugarbaker's protocol" for the treatment of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis

Introducción: el Dr. P. H. Sugarbaker en 1981, desafiando la ortodoxia oncológica, consideró la carcinomatosis como un estadio locorregional de la enfermedad susceptible todavía de tratamiento con intención curativa. Para ello desarrolló una nueva alternativa terapéutica basada en el tratamiento combinado. La enfermedad macroscópica mediante la máxima cirugía citorreductora radical oncológica (merced a las peritonectomías por él descritas), seguido del tratamiento de la enfermedad microscópica residual con la aplicación directa intraabdominal, de quimioterapia de intensificación locorregional, intraoperatoria modulada por hipertermia y de quimioterapia intraabdominal normotérmica postoperatoria precoz. Con este nuevo esquema terapéutico, conocido como "Protocolo de Sugarbaker", su grupo ha publicado supervivencias en carcinomatosis de origen colorrectal de 45% a 5 años y en grupos selectos de pacientes supervivencia de 50% a 5 años. La comunidad científica, sin embargo, ha criticado estos resultados al considerar que: se trata de una experiencia personal, con un protocolo de tratamiento no homogéneo con modificaciones evolutivas en el tiempo, tratarse de un estudio retrospectivo no randomizado, y finalmente considerar que los citostáticos empleados en su protocolo son obsoletos. Diversos grupos europeos han dado respuesta a las principales objeciones, confirmando los buenos resultados que esta nueva alternativa terapéutica ofrece en pacientes con carcinomatosis de origen colorrectal. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar estas aportaciones. Material y métodos: se han revisado todos los artículos publicados en lengua inglesa por grupos europeos en la literatura médica mundial usando la base de datos Pubmed-MEDLINE para identificar los artículos relevantes relacionados con el tratamiento de la carcinomatosis de origen colorrectal mediante citorreducción y quimioterapia intraperitoneal desde enero de 1980 a enero de 2008...(AU)

Introduction: in 1981, Dr. PH Sugarbaker, challenging oncological orthodoxy, considered carcinomatosis to be a locoregional stage of the disease that was still susceptible to treatment with curative intent. To this end he developed a new therapeutic alternative based on the combined treatment. The macroscopic disease treated by maximum radical oncological cytoreductive surgery (through the peritonectomies described by him), followed by treatment of the residual microscopic disease with the direct intra-abdominal application of intraoperative chemotherapy with locoregional intensification, modulated by hyperthermia and early normothermic postoperative intra-abdominal chemotherapy. Using this new therapeutic regimen, known as "Sugarbaker's Protocol", his group has reported 45% survival rates in carcinomatosis of colorectal origin at 5 years, and, in selected groups of patients, 50% survival rates at 5 years. The scientific community, however, has criticized these results considering that: it is a personal experience, with a not homogenous treatment protocol with developmental modifications over time, that it is a retrospective non-randomized study, and finally that the cytostatics used in his protocol are obsolete. Various European groups have replied to these main criticisms confirming the good results that this new therapeutic alternative offers for patients with carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. The purpose of this article is to present these contributions. Material and methods: all the articles published in the English language by European groups in the world's medical literature have been reviewed using the Pubmed-MEDLINE database to identify the relevant articles related to the treatment of carcinomatosis of colorectal origin using cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy from January 1980 to January 2008...(AU)

Pseudomixoma peritoneal. Supervivencia superior a 10 años tras citorreducción, quimioterapia intraperitoneal e hipertermia / No disponible

No disponible

Prevalencia y tratamiento de la patología oncológica en el anciano. El reto que se avecina / No disponible

La esperanza media de vida en España se ha más que duplicadoa lo largo del siglo XX, llegando en la actualidad a 75 años enel varón y 83 años en la mujer. Las predicciones de la evolución ycrecimiento poblacional a nivel mundial y nacional auguran unshock demográfico cuando en España el número de mayores de65 años alcance el 33,5% de la población en el 2050.Es conocido que el cáncer está intrínseca y directamente relacionadocon la edad, siendo una patología de personas mayores,ya que al menos el 60% de ellos aparecen en mayores de 65años. Los ancianos constituyen el grupo más importante de lapráctica oncológica médica. Las predicciones de envejecimientode la población española, permiten intuir que el cáncer en el ancianoy su tratamiento deba ser considerado un problema sanitariode primer orden.El cáncer ya no es sinónimo de muerte para la mayoría de lospacientes. Globalmente el 60% se curan o cronifican. Esta mejorapronóstico tiene un precio tanto en las expectativas de tratamientocomo de posterior seguimiento y mantenimiento de las secuelasque pueden generarse.El mayor y mejor conocimiento y comprensión del proceso deenvejecimiento, permitirá identificar y seleccionar aquellos pacientesmayores que pueden beneficiarse de medidas de prevención ytratamiento, y lo más importante permitirá identificar aquellos pacientesque no son candidatos de tratamientos con intención curativapor tratarse de población frágil.Los adelantos en el campo de la cirugía, especialmente en lacirugía mínimamente invasiva y su aplicación al campo de la cirugíaoncológica, permiten prever que un mayor número de pacientesancianos podrán beneficiarse de un tratamiento con intencióncurativa. La edad no prevendrá de tratamientos apropiados en individuosancianos con cáncer, especialmente aquellos en los quetengan una adecuada expectativa de vida y reserva funcional.Combatir esta discriminación sanitaria constituye una de las principalesprioridades en la estrategia para el mantenimiento de lasalud del anciano. Presentamos y analizamos en este trabajo los cambios poblacionalesque se avecinan de forma particular en España, la vinculacióndel cáncer con la edad con sus particularidades específicas,los criterios generales de fragilidad del anciano, las limitacionesque la edad suponen para la aplicación de distintos tratamientosadyuvantes complementarios, y las nuevas alternativas quirúrgicasaplicables en pacientes oncológicos ancianos en los cánceres másfrecuentes de la práctica clínica

Life expectancy in Spain has more than duplicated during thelast 20th Century, and is currently 75 years for men and 83 yearsfor women. Predictions on the evolution of the National and globalpopulation anticipate a demographic shock in Spain when individualsolder than 65 years eventually make up more than 33.5%of the Spanish population by year 2050.It is known that cancer is directly related with age, and that itis a disease of older people –at least 60% of all cancers are diagnosedin patients older than 65 years. The older people group isthe most important group of patients in oncologic practice today.Predictions on the aging of the Spanish population showthat cancer in the aging patient and its treatment must be considereda first-line health problem. The diagnosis of cancer isnot associated with death in the majority of patients. Sixty percentof cancers are globally cured or chronified. This advancedprognosis has its toll not only in the expectancy of treatment butalso in subsequent follow-up and post-treatment adverse effectsthat can be generated.A greater and better knowledge and understanding of the agingprocess will allow to identify and select those old patientsthat can benefit from prevention and treatment options, andmore importantly will identify those other patients that are notcandidates to treatments with curative intention because of theirfrail status.Progress in surgery, mainly in minimally invasive surgery, andits application to the field of oncologic surgery allows to forecastthat a greater number of aging patients will benefit from treatmentwith curative intent. Age will not be a barrier for adequate treatmentin healthy elderly patients, especially in those with long lifeexpectancy and functional reserves. Fighting this healthcare discriminationis one of the main priorities in the strategy of improvedhealth in the elderlyWe present in this study and analyze the foreseen changes in theworld’s population, particularly in Spain; the association between cancer and age with its peculiar specificities; the general criteria forfrailty in older patients, the limitations that aging generate for adjuvanttreatments, and the new alternatives of treatment to be used inelderly oncologic patients for the most frequent tumors

Respuesta de autores: Réplica: Lesión iatrogénica de un conducto aberrante del sectorial anterior derecho hepático independiente. Dificultad en su diagnóstico y tratamiento / No disponible

No disponible

Solid-phase synthesis of graphitic carbon nanostructures from iron and cobalt gluconates and their utilization as electrocatalyst supports.

We present a novel and facile synthesis methodology for obtaining graphitic carbon structures from Fe(II) and Co(II) gluconates. The formation of graphitic carbon can be carried out in only one step by means of heat treatment of these organic salts at a temperature of 900 degrees C or 1000 degrees C under inert atmosphere. This process consists of the following steps: (a) pyrolysis of the organic gluconate and its transformation to amorphous carbon, (b) conversion of Fe(2+) and Co(2+) ions to Fe(2)O(3) and CoO and their subsequent reduction to metallic nanoparticles by the carbon and (c) conversion of a fraction of formed amorphous carbon to graphitic structures by Fe and Co nanoparticles that act as catalysts in the graphitization process. The removal of the amorphous carbon and metallic nanoparticles by means of oxidative treatment (KMnO(4) in an acid solution) allows graphitic carbon nanostructures (GCNs) to be selectively recovered. The GCNs thus obtained (i.e. nanocapsules and nanopipes) have a high crystallinity as evidenced by TEM/SAED, XRD and Raman analysis. In addition, we used these GCNs as supports for platinum nanoparticles, which were well dispersed (mean Pt size approximately 2.5-3.2 nm). Most electrocatalysts prepared in this way have a high electrocatalytical surface area, up to 90 m(2) g(-1) Pt, and exhibit high catalytic activities toward methanol electrooxidation.

Lesión iatrogénica de un conducto aberrante del sectorial anterior derecho hepático (segmentos V-VIII) independiente. Dificultades en su diagnóstico y tratamiento / No disponible

No disponible

[Prevalence and treatment of oncologic disease in the elderly --an impeding challenge]. / Prevalencia y tratamiento de la patología oncológica en el anciano. El reto que se avecina.

Life expectancy in Spain has more than duplicated during the last 20th Century, and is currently 75 years for men and 83 years for women. Predictions on the evolution of the National and global population anticipate a demographic shock in Spain when individuals older than 65 years eventually make up more than 33.5% of the Spanish population by year 2050. It is known that cancer is directly related with age, and that it is a disease of older people -at least 60% of all cancers are diagnosed in patients older than 65 years. The older people group is the most important group of patients in oncologic practice today. Predictions on the aging of the Spanish population show that cancer in the aging patient and its treatment must be considered a first-line health problem. The diagnosis of cancer is not associated with death in the majority of patients. Sixty percent of cancers are globally cured or chronified. This advanced prognosis has its toll not only in the expectancy of treatment but also in subsequent follow-up and post-treatment adverse effects that can be generated. A greater and better knowledge and understanding of the aging process will allow to identify and select those old patients that can benefit from prevention and treatment options, and more importantly will identify those other patients that are not candidates to treatments with curative intention because of their frail status. Progress in surgery, mainly in minimally invasive surgery, and its application to the field of oncologic surgery allows to forecast that a greater number of aging patients will benefit from treatment with curative intent. Age will not be a barrier for adequate treatment in healthy elderly patients, especially in those with long life expectancy and functional reserves. Fighting this healthcare discrimination is one of the main priorities in the strategy of improved health in the elderly. We present in this study and analyze the foreseen changes in the world s population, particularly in Spain; the association between cancer and age with its peculiar specificities; the general criteria for frailty in older patients, the limitations that aging generate for adjuvant treatments, and the new alternatives of treatment to be used in elderly oncologic patients for the most frequent tumors.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Current treatment. Review and update.

Colorectal cancer is the most frequent tumor of the digestive tract. The high incidence of abdominal dissemination; the poor prognosis of these patients, with median survival consistently ranging from 5 to 9 months in all studies of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer; the failure of adjuvant systemic chemotherapy treatment with a maximal survival of 18 months despite the development of new cytostatic drugs, and new combinations of use, make it crucial to search for and develop new treatment strategies. We review the principles of Sugarbaker s treatment protocol, which involves the combination of maximum cytoreductive radical oncological surgery for the treatment of all macroscopically disseminated disease with maximum perioperative intraperitoneal intensification chemotherapy to treat residual microscopic disease. We present the results of several scientific papers, all of them phase II studies with more than 10 patients treated, published in the medical literature by the main groups working in this line of treatment, together with the only phase III study reported and published so far, and finally the results of a recently reported retrospective international multicenter study. With this new alternative therapeutic approach, overall mean survival is 40% at 36 months, and 20% at 5 years. Based on these results, this new therapeutic approach is proposed as the treatment of choice for these unfortunate patients.

Carcinomatosis peritoneal de origen colorrectal. Estado actual del tratamiento. Revisión y puesta al día / Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Current treatment. Review and update

El cáncer colorrectal es el tumor más frecuente del tracto digestivo.La alta incidencia de diseminación abdominal, el pobre pronósticode estos pacientes con una mediana de supervivencia entre5 y 9 meses demostrada repetidamente en todos los estudiosde carcinomatosis peritoneal por cáncer colorrectal, el fracaso delos tratamientos sistémicos adyuvantes con quimioterapia con supervivenciasmáximas de 18 meses independientemente del desarrollode nuevas drogas citostáticas y las nuevas combinaciones oformas de uso, hacen crucial la investigación y el desarrollo denuevas estrategias de tratamiento.Revisamos los principios del protocolo del tratamiento de Sugarbaker,que contempla la combinación de la máxima cirugía radicaloncológica citorreductora para el tratamiento de la enfermedadmacroscópica diseminada con la máxima quimioterapia deintensificación intraperitoneal perioperatoria para el tratamientode la enfermedad microscópica residual.Se presentan los resultados de las publicaciones científicas, detodos los estudios fase II con más de 10 pacientes tratados publicadosen la literatura médica por los principales grupos de trabajoen esta línea de tratamiento, junto con el único estudio fase III publicadohasta el momento, y finalmente los resultados de un recienteestudio multicéntrico internacional retrospectivo.Con esta nueva alternativa terapéutica, la supervivencia mediaa los 36 meses es del 40, y del 20% a los 5 años. Basados en estosresultados, proponemos esta alternativa de tratamiento comoel tratamiento de elección de estos desafortunados pacientes

Colorectal cancer is the most frequent tumor of the digestivetract. The high incidence of abdominal dissemination; the poorprognosis of these patients, with median survival consistentlyranging from 5 to 9 months in all studies of peritoneal carcinomatosisfrom colorectal cancer; the failure of adjuvant systemicchemotherapy treatment with a maximal survival of 18 monthsdespite the development of new cytostatic drugs, and new combinationsof use, make it crucial to search for and develop newtreatment strategies.We review the principles of Sugarbaker´s treatment protocol,which involves the combination of maximum cytoreductive radicaloncological surgery for the treatment of all macroscopically disseminateddisease with maximum perioperative intraperitoneal intensificationchemotherapy to treat residual microscopic disease.We present the results of several scientific papers, all of themphase II studies with more than 10 patients treated, published inthe medical literature by the main groups working in this line oftreatment, together with the only phase III study reported andpublished so far, and finally the results of a recently reported retrospectiveinternational multicenter study. With this new alternativetherapeutic approach, overall mean survival is 40% at 36months, and 20% at 5 years.Based on these results, this new therapeutic approach is proposedas the treatment of choice for these unfortunate patients