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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(11): 561-565, 1 dic., 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-94845

ABSTRACT

Resumen. Introducción. La epilepsia es uno de los mayores trastornos neurológicos. Afecta a alrededor del 0,5-2% de la población mundial, y entre el 20-25% de los pacientes son resistentes a la medicación. Objetivo. Analizar la respuesta de la perfusión cerebral –valorada mediante tomografía simple por emisión de fotón único (SPECT)– y la actividad bioeléctrica –en scalp y región temporal mesial– a la aplicación de etomidato. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 10 pacientes evaluados prequirúrgicamente y estudiados mediante videoelectroencefalograma (video-EEG) con electrodos de foramen oval (EFO) y SPECT. Se administró etomidato (0,1 mg/kg de peso), seguido por 99mTc-HmPAO, durante el estudio en el video-EEG + EFO. Resultados. Los efectos secundarios consistieron en mioclonías (n = 7) y dolor moderado (n = 2). No se han observado efectos cardiovasculares o respiratorios significativos. La actividad bioeléctrica en scalp consistió en una actividad rápida inicial breve, seguida por un patrón delta generalizado e hipervoltado durante varios minutos. En la región irritativa, se observó un marcado incremento de la actividad interictal. La perfusión cerebral aumentó, en general en todas las áreas estudiadas, especialmente en la región temporal (lateral y mesial) y en las áreas talámicas. En la cola del hipocampo no epileptógeno, se ha observado el segundo mayor incremento en la perfusión cerebral, y es la única región que se diferencia de la contralateral. Conclusiones. La activación mediante etomidato da lugar a una respuesta específica y repetible sobre la actividad bioeléctrica. Además, la perfusión cerebral local muestra cambios relacionados directamente con la región epileptógena, y puede servir, por tanto, como herramienta diagnóstica en un futuro inmediato (AU)


Summary. Introduction. Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders, affecting roughly 0.5-2% of the world’s population and approximately 20-25% of patients are resistant to medication. Aim. To analyze the response of cerebral perfusion (assessed by SPECT) and bioelectrical activity (measured in scalp and mesial temporal region) to etomidate. Patients and methods. We studied 10 patients presurgically evaluated and studied by video-EEG with foramen ovale electrodes (EFO) and SPECT. Etomidate was administered (0.1 mg/kg), followed by 99mTc-HmPAO during the study in the video-EEG + EFO. Results. The side-effects consisted of myoclonus (n = 7) and moderate pain (n = 2). There had been no significant respiratory or cardiovascular effects. The bioelectrical activity in the scalp consisted in a brief initial rapid activity, followed by a generalized and hypervoltaged delta pattern for several minutes. In the epileptogenic zone, there was a marked increase of interictal activity. Increased cerebral perfusion was observed in all areas studied, especially in temporal region (mesial and lateral) areas and thalamus. In the tail of the non-epileptic hippocampus, we observed the second largest increase in cerebral perfusion, the only region that is different from contralateral area. Conclusions. Activation by etomidate induces a specific and repetitive response in the bioelectrical activity. In addition, cerebral perfusion changes directly related to the epileptogenic region may serve therefore as a diagnostic tool in the near future (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Etomidate/adverse effects , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy , Electric Impedance , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
2.
Rev Neurol ; 49(11): 561-5, 2009.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19921619

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders, affecting roughly 0.5-2% of the world's population and approximately 20-25% of patients are resistant to medication. AIM: To analyze the response of cerebral perfusion (assessed by SPECT) and bioelectrical activity (measured in scalp and mesial temporal region) to etomidate. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 10 patients presurgically evaluated and studied by video-EEG with foramen ovale electrodes (EFO) and SPECT. Etomidate was administered (0.1 mg/kg), followed by (99)mTc-HmPAO during the study in the video-EEG + EFO. RESULTS: The side-effects consisted of myoclonus (n = 7) and moderate pain (n = 2). There had been no significant respiratory or cardiovascular effects. The bioelectrical activity in the scalp consisted in a brief initial rapid activity, followed by a generalized and hypervoltaged delta pattern for several minutes. In the epileptogenic zone, there was a marked increase of interictal activity. Increased cerebral perfusion was observed in all areas studied, especially in temporal region (mesial and lateral) areas and thalamus. In the tail of the non-epileptic hippocampus, we observed the second largest increase in cerebral perfusion, the only region that is different from contralateral area. CONCLUSIONS: Activation by etomidate induces a specific and repetitive response in the bioelectrical activity. In addition, cerebral perfusion changes directly related to the epileptogenic region may serve therefore as a diagnostic tool in the near future.


Subject(s)
Brain/blood supply , Brain/drug effects , Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe , Etomidate , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Adult , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Etomidate/pharmacology , Etomidate/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Hypnotics and Sedatives/therapeutic use , Male , Regional Blood Flow , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Young Adult
3.
Rev Neurol ; 41(12): 709-16, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16355354

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Recently, we have published the results of a first surgical series of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We describe a posterior series of patients intervened of TLE, we compare the functional results with the previous series and we finally analyze the causes of changes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the first 22 consecutive patients surgically intervened of TLE with a minimum post-surgery follow-up of 2 years. Patients showing I and II Engel's grade were used as gold standard for evaluation of pre-surgical complementary studies. RESULTS: We have obtained better functional results: 91% patients showing Engel's grade I, 9% showing grade II and neither III nor IV grades were obtained. Pre-surgical studies changed in comparison with the previous report. The most improving change was observed in video-EEG with foramen-ovale electrodes (FOE) (37%), scalp EEG (26.6%), interictal SPECT (11.7%) and MRI (11.7%). Video-EEG with FOE was the study than showed greater concordance with epileptic focus (95.5%), followed by EEG (86.4%). In 35% of cases, MRI was normal or without valid data for correct localization of focus. CONCLUSIONS: Video-EEG with FOE and TLE surgery are safety methods, which results improve with the experience. Normal or not informative MRI do not should a priori reject those patients with drug-resistant TLE from surgery.


Subject(s)
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures , Adolescent , Adult , Electrodes , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/classification , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Preoperative Care , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(12): 709-716, 16 dic., 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043200

ABSTRACT

Introducción. Hemos publicado recientemente los resultados de una primera serie quirúrgica de pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (ELT). Se presenta una serie inmediatamente posterior, y se analizan y comparan los resultados. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudian 22 pacientes nuevos intervenidos consecutivamente de ELT, con igual metodología que en la publicación previa y con un control clínico mínimo de dos años. Para evaluar la capacidad para localizar el foco de las pruebas complementarias se utilizó como estándar de oro los pacientes con grados I o II de Engel. Resultados. Se han obtenido mejores resultados funcionales: 91% de pacientes en grado I y 9% en grado II de Engel. No se han obtenido pacientes en grados III o IV. Los estudios prequirúrgicos que, comparativamente, han incrementado más su capacidad de localización fueron: videoelectroencefalograma (vídeo-EEG) con electrodos del foramen oval (EFO) (37,0%), EEG de scalp (26,6%), tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón único (SPECT) interictal (11,7%) y la resonancia magnética (RM) (7,3%). La prueba con mayor grado de concordancia con el foco epileptógeno fue el vídeo-EEG con EFO (95,5%), seguido del EEG (86,4%). En un 35% de los estudios, la RM fue normal o sin datos válidos para la localización del foco epileptógeno. Conclusiones. La exploración con EFO y el tratamiento quirúrgico de la ELT es una metodología segura, cuyos resultados mejoran con la experiencia. La RM normal o no claramente informativa no tiene por qué excluir a priori a los pacientes con ELT farmacorresistente de esta alternativa terapéutica


Introduction. Recently, we have published the results of a first surgical series of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We describe a posterior series of patients intervened of TLE, we compare the functional results with the previous series and we finally analyze the causes of changes. Patients and methods.We studied the first 22 consecutive patients surgically intervened of TLE with a minimum post-surgery follow-up of 2 years. Patients showing I and II Engel’s grade were used as gold standard for evaluation of pre-surgical complementary studies. Results. We have obtained better functional results: 91% patients showing Engel’s grade I, 9% showing grade II and neither III nor IV grades were obtained. Pre-surgical studies changed in comparison with the previous report. The most improving change was observed in video-EEG with foramen-ovale electrodes (FOE) (37%), scalp EEG (26.6%), interictal SPECT (11.7%) and MRI (11.7%). Video-EEG with FOE was the study than showed greater concordance with epileptic focus (95.5%), followed by EEG (86.4%). In 35% of cases, MRI was normal or without valid data for correct localization of focus. Conclusions. Video-EEG with FOE and TLE surgery are safety methods, which results improve with the experience. Normal or not informative MRI do not should a priori reject those patients with drug-resistant TLE from surgery


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adult , Adolescent , Humans , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures , Electrodes , Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/classification , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Preoperative Care , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev Neurol ; 40(1): 3-18, 2005.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15696420

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment for thoracolumbar union instability represents a challenge, due to the difficult access to this area of the spine, and to the extreme variability of morphological and biomechanical lesions observed. AIM: To describe the indications and clinical and neuroradiological results obtained with procedures of anterior or combined spinal fusion-instrumentation used for the treatment of instable thoracolumbar lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 17 patients with thoracolumbar instability were treated surgically, being followed-up at least for one year. Causes of instability were classified in three groups: (i) fractures or fracture-luxations (n = 7), (ii) pathologic fractures following tumoral invasion (n = 6) and (iii) infectious or degenerative spondylodiscitis (n = 5). In order to carry out the substitution of the injured vertebral body an anterior approach to the thoracolumbar union was performed in all cases, using a modified technique of thoracophrenolaparotomy in which the diaphragmatic dome was not incised. Depending on the number of columns of Denis damaged, the vertebral corpectomy was followed by either an anterolateral or a combined spinal fusion-instrumentation. RESULTS: Pain in standing position was eliminated postoperatively in 83%. Neurological deficits were improved in 50% of cases. Surgical mortality was null and transient postoperative complications occurred in 11.7% of patients, but no lung atelectasis or respiratory infections were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic pain associated to thoracolumbar instability can be treated successfully by substitution of the damaged vertebral body followed by anterior or combined spinal fusion-instrumentation. Thoracophrenolaparotomy without division of the diaphragm is feasible and it reduces the morbidity associated to postoperative respiratory complications.


Subject(s)
Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods , Lumbar Vertebrae , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Thoracic Vertebrae , Adult , Aged , Female , Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation , Humans , Internal Fixators/statistics & numerical data , Lumbar Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Fusion , Thoracic Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Thoracic Vertebrae/pathology , Thoracic Vertebrae/surgery , Treatment Outcome
6.
Prensa méd. argent ; 84(2): 169-75, abr. 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-16834

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:Hemos realizado un estudio comparativo de dos técnicas anestésicas en neurocirugía,intravenosa con propofol frente a balanceada con tiopental e isuflurano,valorando la estabilidad hemodinámica y la recuperación postanestésica.Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes de edades entre los 18 y 65 años,ASA II-III, programados para craneotomías en decúbito.Los pacientes fueros distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos:Propofol y Tiopental-Isoflurano.Grupo Propofol: 15 pacientes anestesiados con técnica intravenosa:La inducción se realizó con propofol 2-2,5 mg/kg, el mantenimiento con propofol a 21 mg/kg/h durante 5 min.La dosis posterior se ajustó según los requerimientos .La analgesia se obtuvo con fentanilo en infusión a 0,03mcg/kg/min,tras dosis de carga de 10 mcg/kg.Grupo Tiopental-Isoflurano: 15 pacientes anestesiados con técnica balanceada con isoflurano.La inducción se realizó con tiopental 3-4 mg/kg.el mantenimiento fue con isoflurano de 0,5-1 por ciento y fentanilo 2-3 mcg/kg. según requerimientos del paciente.En ambos grupos se administraron 2 mcg/kg de fentanilo antes de la intubación, antes de la colocación de los pinchos del craneostato y antes de la incisión de la piel.Se valoró la calidad de la inducción, la estabilidad hemodinámica a lo largo de cinco períodos: Basal, 2 min, postinducción, mantenimiento inicial (30 min, postinducción), mantenimiento intermedio y mantenimiento final (30 min,antes de finalizar), durante la recuperación se registró el tiempo hasta la apertura ocular espontánea, tiempo hasta la orientación,extubación, puntuación sobre la escala de Glasgow, anelgesia postoperatoria y tratamiento antiemético en las primeras 24 horas


Subject(s)
Comparative Study , Propofol/administration & dosage , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Neurosurgery
7.
Prensa méd. argent ; 84(2): 169-75, 1997. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-226610

ABSTRACT

Objetivo:Hemos realizado un estudio comparativo de dos técnicas anestésicas en neurocirugía,intravenosa con propofol frente a balanceada con tiopental e isuflurano,valorando la estabilidad hemodinámica y la recuperación postanestésica.Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 30 pacientes de edades entre los 18 y 65 años,ASA II-III, programados para craneotomías en decúbito.Los pacientes fueros distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos:Propofol y Tiopental-Isoflurano.Grupo Propofol: 15 pacientes anestesiados con técnica intravenosa:La inducción se realizó con propofol 2-2,5 mg/kg, el mantenimiento con propofol a 21 mg/kg/h durante 5 min.La dosis posterior se ajustó según los requerimientos .La analgesia se obtuvo con fentanilo en infusión a 0,03mcg/kg/min,tras dosis de carga de 10 mcg/kg.Grupo Tiopental-Isoflurano: 15 pacientes anestesiados con técnica balanceada con isoflurano.La inducción se realizó con tiopental 3-4 mg/kg.el mantenimiento fue con isoflurano de 0,5-1 por ciento y fentanilo 2-3 mcg/kg. según requerimientos del paciente.En ambos grupos se administraron 2 mcg/kg de fentanilo antes de la intubación, antes de la colocación de los pinchos del craneostato y antes de la incisión de la piel.Se valoró la calidad de la inducción, la estabilidad hemodinámica a lo largo de cinco períodos: Basal, 2 min, postinducción, mantenimiento inicial (30 min, postinducción), mantenimiento intermedio y mantenimiento final (30 min,antes de finalizar), durante la recuperación se registró el tiempo hasta la apertura ocular espontánea, tiempo hasta la orientación,extubación, puntuación sobre la escala de Glasgow, anelgesia postoperatoria y tratamiento antiemético en las primeras 24 horas


Subject(s)
Anesthesia, Intravenous , Neurosurgery , Propofol/administration & dosage
8.
Acta Orthop Belg ; 61(4): 319-22, 1995.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8571770

ABSTRACT

Cerebral embolism poses one of the most perplexing problems in cerebrovascular disease; fat emboli and marantic air emboli occur occasionally. However, the most common cause for a cerebral embolism is degenerative changes in the central arteries. The authors report the case of a 75-year-old female suffering from ischemic cerebrovascular disease of the left dominant hemisphere during a revision arthroplasty of the right hip (cementless Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty to a cemented Charnley total hip replacement); a cement gun was used to introduce the cement; both the induction of anesthesia and the surgical procedure were uneventful. The patient awoke slowly, and when awake she showed a combination of contralateral hemiplegia, and right hemianesthesia with global aphasia; the CT scan showed an ischemic lesion in the territory of the middle cerebral artery; during the following two weeks the patient showed complete recovery from the clinical syndrome. This complication must be recognized by every orthopedic surgeon, and a high clinical index of suspicion remains essential to early diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Hip Prosthesis/methods , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Aged , Anesthesia, General/methods , Female , Humans , Intracranial Embolism and Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Remission, Spontaneous
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