ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of serum antibodies to C. psittaci in workers at 8 stock farms located in a rural area of eastern Sicily. Serum samples from 188 workers and 160 controls were tested for immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM direct against C. psittaci by microimmunofluorescent test (MIF). Seropositive subjects were defined as those with IgG titres of 1:16-1:256, and seronegative subjects as those whose titre was <1:16. To rule out the presence of cross reactive antibodies, testing was also performed for C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. A total of 28 (14.9%) subjects studied met the criteria for seropositivity to C. psittaci. Two of the 188 (1.06%) had an IgG titre of 1:32, 16 (8.51%) an IgG titre of 1: 64, 6 (3.19%) an IgG titre of 1:128 and 4 subjects (2.12%) demonstrated an antibody titre of 1:256. The high prevalence rate of C. psittaci antibodies among farmers suggests that this infection is spread in those subjects living in areas with an high percentage employed in rearing activities. The authors stress the importance of carrying out health surveillance in subjects working in close contact with animals receptive to infection, and confirm the need to adopt a serological test, such as MIF as a preventive measure for activities at risk.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Chlamydophila psittaci/immunology , Inhalation Exposure , Occupational Exposure , Psittacosis/epidemiology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Immunoglobulin A/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Psittacosis/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic StudiesABSTRACT
The inhalation of glass dusts mixed in resin, generally known as glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP), represents a little-studied occupational hazard. The few studies performed have highlighted nonspecific lung disorders in animals and in humans. In the present study we evaluated the alteration of the respiratory system and the pathogenic mechanisms causing the changes in a group of working men employed in different GRP processing operations and exposed to production dusts. The study was conducted on a sample of 29 male subjects whose mean age was 37 years and mean length of service 11 years. All of the subjects were submitted to a clinical check-up, basic tests, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); microscopic studies and biochemical analysis were performed on the BAL fluid. Tests of respiratory function showed a large number of obstructive syndromes; scanning electron microscopy highlighted qualitative and quantitative alterations of the alveolar macrophages; and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of electron-dense cytoplasmatic inclusions indicating intense and active phlogosis (external inflammation). Biochemical analyses highlighted an increase in protein content associated with alterations of the lung oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis. Inhalation of GRP, independent of environmental concentration, causes alterations of the cellular and humoral components of pulmonary interstitium; these alterations are identified microscopically as acute alveolitis.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants, Occupational/toxicity , Glass , Lung/drug effects , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Plastics/toxicity , Adult , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/chemistry , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Catalase/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Humans , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, TransmissionABSTRACT
Several researches has focused the hypothesis that low blood lead levels could be associated with an increased risk of hypertension. To assess the relation between occupational lead exposure and elevated blood pressure a group of 27 workers, age range from 27 to 62 years, mean (SD) 36.52 (+/- 8.16) yr; length of employment mean (DS) 2.97 (+/- 1.67) yr, were recruited as study subjects. The following variables were measured: blood lead concentration (BPb), delta-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) activity, Zinc Protoporphirin (ZPP), creatinine, hematocrit, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood (DBP) Pressure. The results showed that long term occupational exposure was related to a slight increase of systolic and diastolic blood pressure among workers who had been exposed to higher level of lead with respect to workers exposed to lower level of lead. Furthermore, blood lead concentration (BPb) and ZPP resulted higher among workers exposed to higher level of ambient lead, while in the same group of workers ALAD activity resulted more inhibited. The authors concluded long term cumulative lead exposure can significantly increase blood pressure in low level Pb exposed workers.
