ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological factors associated with victims of rattlesnake envenoming in the state of Roraima, Brazil. In this location, rattlesnake accidents are caused by the subspecies Crotalus durissus ruruima. This is a prospective observational study carried out at the General Hospital of Roraima from april 2017 until july 2018. A total of 37 alleged rattlesnake victims had their medical records evaluated. However only one of them proved to be by C. d. ruruima. All individuals were residents from the savannas (lavrados) of Roraima. The town of Bonfim on the border between Brazil and Guyana had the highest occurrence of rattlesnake bites. The most affected group were males aged 13-20 years and farmers. The highest number of incidents occurred during daytime and lower limbs (feet) were the most major affected part of the body. Tourniquets were used as first aid after snake envenoming in 32.4% of victims. Out of 37 patients, 16.2% were classified as severe cases of snakebite envenoming and in 5.4% dry bites seem to have occurred. Among the symptomatic patients, 100% presented local manifestations and 70.3% presented systemic manifestations. The clinical setting showed local effects such as pain and edema while the systemic effects were blurred vision, myalgias, myasthenic facies, palpebral ptosis, muscle weakness and headache. Laboratory results of aspartate aminotransferase (62.2%), creatine phosphokinase (51.3%), lactic dehydrogenase (37.8%), urea level (32.4%) and serum creatinine (29.7%) were increased significantly in relation to the reference standards. In 16.2% of the cases, the victims presented acute kidney injury. Patients were treated with anticrotalic serum in 70.3% of the cases and antibotropic + anticrotalic serum in 24.3%. The victims of C. d. ruruima in Roraima showed a local symptomatology similar to Bothrops envenoming, while systemic symptoms and laboratory analysis proved kidney and muscular injuries, similar to envenoming by Crotalus d. terrificus in Brazil.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The term "garbage code" (GC) is used to designate an underlying cause of death that is not very useful for the health policy, since it does not adequately identify actions to prevent and control diseases and health problems. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of GC investigation on changing causes of death in 17 municipalities in the Brazilian Northern region in 2017. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study on the results of the investigation of deaths with GC in selected hospitals in 17 cities in the seven states of the Northern region, as part of the Data for Health Initiative of the Ministry of Health (MH). In these hospitals, the underlying causes of deaths occurring in 2017 were reviewed, and the GC investigation protocol was applied to deaths with GC. RESULTS: In 2017, 37,082 deaths occurred in the 17 municipalities studied, of which 29.3% (n = 10,878) were GC and 83.2% were priority GC. Among the priority GCs, 25.9% were investigated, of which 79.1% had a change in the underlying cause. DISCUSSION: There is great variation among the 17 municipalities in relation to the proportion of GC. In 13 of the municipalities studied, the underlying cause of death was reclassified in at least 70% of the cases investigated for the priority GC. CONCLUSION: Despite the improvement in reducing the proportion of underlying causes of death with GC in this study, there is still a need for greater investment in training professionals and increasing services to carry out death investigations, in order to ensure the sustainability of the project in the region.
INTRODUÇÃO: O termo "código garbage" (CG) é usado para designar uma causa básica de óbito pouco útil para o setor de saúde, uma vez que não permite identificar adequadamente ações para prevenção e controle das doenças e agravos de saúde. Objetivo: avaliar os resultados da investigação de óbitos por CG em 17 municípios da região Norte no ano de 2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal sobre a investigação dos óbitos por CG em hospitais públicos de 17 municípios dos 7 estados da região Norte, como parte do projeto Dados para a Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Nesses hospitais foram revisadas as causas básicas de morte dos óbitos ocorridos em 2017 e aplicado o protocolo de investigação de CG do MS. RESULTADOS: Em 2017, ocorreram 37.082 óbitos nos 17 municípios que participaram do estudo, destes, 29,3% (n = 10.878) eram CG total e, destes, 83,2% eram CG prioritários. Dentre os CG prioritários, 25,9% foram investigados e, destes, 79,1% mudaram a causa básica. DISCUSSÃO: Observou-se uma grande variação entre os 17 municípios em relação à proporção de CG. Chama atenção que 13 municípios estudados reclassificaram a causa básica de morte em pelo menos 70% dos casos investigados para os CG prioritários. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da melhoria ocorrida com redução na proporção de CG como causa básica de morte nos municípios analisados, ainda se faz necessário maior investimento em capacitação de profissionais e ampliação dos serviços que investigam os óbitos, de modo a permitir a sustentabilidade do projeto na região.
Subject(s)
Cause of Death , Information Systems/standards , Brazil/epidemiology , Cities/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Accuracy , Death Certificates , Female , Geography , Hospitals, Public/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Residence CharacteristicsABSTRACT
RESUMO Introdução: O termo "código garbage" (CG) é usado para designar uma causa básica de óbito pouco útil para o setor de saúde, uma vez que não permite identificar adequadamente ações para prevenção e controle das doenças e agravos de saúde. Objetivo: avaliar os resultados da investigação de óbitos por CG em 17 municípios da região Norte no ano de 2017. Métodos: Estudo transversal sobre a investigação dos óbitos por CG em hospitais públicos de 17 municípios dos 7 estados da região Norte, como parte do projeto Dados para a Saúde do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Nesses hospitais foram revisadas as causas básicas de morte dos óbitos ocorridos em 2017 e aplicado o protocolo de investigação de CG do MS. Resultados: Em 2017, ocorreram 37.082 óbitos nos 17 municípios que participaram do estudo, destes, 29,3% (n = 10.878) eram CG total e, destes, 83,2% eram CG prioritários. Dentre os CG prioritários, 25,9% foram investigados e, destes, 79,1% mudaram a causa básica. Discussão: Observou-se uma grande variação entre os 17 municípios em relação à proporção de CG. Chama atenção que 13 municípios estudados reclassificaram a causa básica de morte em pelo menos 70% dos casos investigados para os CG prioritários. Conclusão: Apesar da melhoria ocorrida com redução na proporção de CG como causa básica de morte nos municípios analisados, ainda se faz necessário maior investimento em capacitação de profissionais e ampliação dos serviços que investigam os óbitos, de modo a permitir a sustentabilidade do projeto na região.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The term "garbage code" (GC) is used to designate an underlying cause of death that is not very useful for the health policy, since it does not adequately identify actions to prevent and control diseases and health problems. Objective: To evaluate the results of GC investigation on changing causes of death in 17 municipalities in the Brazilian Northern region in 2017. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on the results of the investigation of deaths with GC in selected hospitals in 17 cities in the seven states of the Northern region, as part of the Data for Health Initiative of the Ministry of Health (MH). In these hospitals, the underlying causes of deaths occurring in 2017 were reviewed, and the GC investigation protocol was applied to deaths with GC. Results: In 2017, 37,082 deaths occurred in the 17 municipalities studied, of which 29.3% (n = 10,878) were GC and 83.2% were priority GC. Among the priority GCs, 25.9% were investigated, of which 79.1% had a change in the underlying cause. Discussion: There is great variation among the 17 municipalities in relation to the proportion of GC. In 13 of the municipalities studied, the underlying cause of death was reclassified in at least 70% of the cases investigated for the priority GC. Conclusion: Despite the improvement in reducing the proportion of underlying causes of death with GC in this study, there is still a need for greater investment in training professionals and increasing services to carry out death investigations, in order to ensure the sustainability of the project in the region.
