ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Up to 30 % of patients undergoing 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-based chemotherapy experience severe toxicity. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency explains 36-61 % of cases. Predicting toxicity is an unmet challenge. Uracil breath test (UraBT) consists of measuring (13)CO2 in exhaled breath after ingestion of 2-(13)C-uracil to evaluate pyrimidine (and 5FU) catabolism. METHODS: We studied 33 gastrointestinal cancer patients previously exposed to 5FU: Thirteen had grade 3-4 and 20, grade 0-1 toxicity. The following tests were used to evaluate pyrimidine catabolism: (1) sequencing of three exons of DPYD; (2) plasma dihydrouracil/uracil ratio (UH2/U); and (3) UraBT. We tested the performance of UraBT to discriminate patients who had grade 0-1 toxicity versus grade 3-4 toxicity and patients with and without proven DPD deficiency. RESULTS: Of the thirteen patients, four grade 3-4 toxicity patients were proved to be DPD-deficient: Three had deleterious mutations (IVS14 + 1G>A in one; single nucleotide polymorphism 2846A>T in two), and one had low UH2/U ratio. Mean delta over baseline in 50 min (DOB50) significantly differed between groups. DOB50≤161.4 discriminated individuals with grade 3-4 versus grade 0-1 toxicity (sensitivity = 61.5 %; specificity = 85 %) and DPD-deficient versus non-DPD-deficient (sensitivity = 75 %; specificity = 85 %). CONCLUSION: UraBT has moderate accuracy in discriminating individuals who manifested severe toxicity from those who had mild or no toxicity to 5FU.
Subject(s)
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/adverse effects , Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency/complications , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Uracil , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , Breath Tests/methods , Carbon Isotopes , Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency/diagnosis , Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency/genetics , Female , Fluorouracil/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
O diafragma pode ser lesado tanto nos traumas contusos quanto nos penetrantes. A incidência de lesão diafragmática nas feridas penetrantes na região tóraco-abdominal esquerda por arma branca varia de 20 a 24. A porcentagem de assintomáticos pode atingir 30 e a lesão, usualmente, é clinicamente despercebida. A maioria dos casos apresenta alterações radiológicas mínimas. A principal complicação é a hérnia estrangulada, que aumenta a taxa de mortalidade de 3 a 7 para 25 a 30 . O alto índice de suposição é o fator mais importante para o diagnóstico. O uso da videolaparoscopia diagnóstica e terapêutica, em casos selecionados, diminuiu o número de laparotomias brancas. A baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica associada à clínica e aos procedimentos radiológicos requer abordagem intervencionista para que as lesões diafragmáticas sejam rapidamente diagnosticadas e evitadas futuras complicações.
Diaphragmatic rupture occurs after blunt or penetrating wound. The incidence of diaphragmatic rupture in patients with penetrating wounds in the left thoracoabdominal area varies from 20 to 24. The rupture is observed in up to 30 of asymptomatic patients and is not usually detected by physical exam. In most cases, radiological investigation shows minimal alterations. The main complication is the strangulated hernia, which rises the mortality rate from 3-7 to 25-30 . A high grade of clinical suspicion is the main contributor to elucidate the diagnostic. The use of diagnostic and therapeutic videolaparoscopy has downsized the number of white laparotomies. Considering the low sensitivity of clinical exam and radiological investigation, an aggressive approach to diagnose diaphragmatic lesions and avoid future complications is recommended.
Subject(s)
Humans , Weapons , Diaphragm/injuries , Hernia, Diaphragmatic, Traumatic/diagnosis , Wounds, StabABSTRACT
O pneumoencéfalo, o pneumoventrículo, e a fístula liquórica são complicações degrande morbidade decorrentes do traumatismo cranioencefálico(TCE) , que requeremadequada vigilância neurológica. Este relato apresenta uma vítima de TCE que evoluiucom pneumoencéfalo e pneumoventrículo hipertensivo, associados com fístula liquóricae meningites de repetição. Foi submetida aos tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico, commelhora neurológica.
Pneumocephalus, pneumoventricle and fistula are high morbidity complications caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), requiring adequate neurological follow. We report a case of a victim of TBI that evolved with pneumocephalus and tension pneumoventricle associ-ated with fistula and repeated meningitis. Subjected to clinical and surgical treatments, the patient progressed favorably, with neurological improvement.
