Does Making An Adhesive System Radiopaque by Filler Addition Affect Its Bonding Properties?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiopacity, bond strength, and micromorphology of experimental filled dental adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five experimental filled dental adhesives with different concentrations of radiopaque barium-borosilicate glass (wt%) [0 (R0), 30 (R30), 40 (R40), 50 (R50), and 60 (R60)] and the commercial adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 were used in this study. Specimens were prepared by dispensing the uncured resin into a mold (5.0 mm x 1.0 mm). Digital radiographs (n = 5) of both 1-mm-thick adhesive specimens and tooth were taken with a CCD sensor. The gray levels of enamel, dentin, and adhesive systems were measured by histogram analysis and compared. Adhesives were applied to flat dentin surfaces of third molars (n = 7). Resin composite buildups were constructed and sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks to test immediately or after 6 months of water storage. Three specimens for each tooth were qualitatively analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Data on bond strength and radiopacity were evaluated by two-way and one-way ANOVA, respectively, and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: All experimental filled dental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel (p > 0.05) and most yielded significant reductions of bond strength over time. However, the R30 produced a radiopaque material without jeopardizing the bonding of the material to the dentin substrate. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 30% barium-borosilicate oxide produced radiopaque adhesives without jeopardizing the bonding to the dental substrate.

Effects of adding barium-borosilicate glass to a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive on radiopacity and selected properties.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiopacity, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), microhardness (KHN), degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS) and solubility (SL) of experimental adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five experimental adhesives with different concentrations of barium-borosilicate oxide microfillers [0% (R0), 30% (R30), 40% (R40), 50% (R50), 60% (R60)] were formulated based on the adhesive system Ambar (FGM). The adhesive Adper Single Bond 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) was used as commercial reference. For the radiopacity (n = 5), KHN (n = 5), WS (n = 10), and SL (n = 10) tests, adhesive disks were constructed (5.0 mm in diameter and 1.0 mm thick), while for UTS (n = 5), hourglass-shaped specimens with a cross-sectional area of 0.8 mm2 were used. The FTIR spectra of unpolymerized and polymerized adhesives were used to determine the DC. Data were submitted to a one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: All experimental adhesives showed radiopacity similar to enamel, except those of R0 and SB. Filler addition did not jeopardize the UTS, KHN, or WS of the filled adhesives in comparison with the unfilled version. Except for R40, filler addition reduced the SL. The filled adhesives showed lower DC when compared with R0, but the DC was similar or higher when compared with SB. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of barium-borosilicate glass up to 50% did not jeopardize the mechanical properties of the adhesive layer and seems to reduce its solubility.

Effects of zirconia nanoparticles addition to experimental adhesives on radiopacity and microhardness

AIM: To evaluate the radiopacity and microhardness (KHN) of experimental dental adhesives (EX). The experimental adhesive resins of the present study were formulated based on the simplified adhesive system Ambar (FGM). METHODS: Five EX with different concentrations of zirconia nanoparticles [0(EX0), 15(EX15), 25(EX25), 30(EX30) e 50%(EX50)] were incorporated in a UDMA/HEMA adhesive (control). Adper Single BondTM 2 (SB, 3M ESPE) was used as a commercial reference. For the radiopacity (n=5), KHN (n=5), adhesive specimens were fabricated using a stainless steel mold. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The filler addition on the EX showed radiopacity similar to enamel and higher than SB. The EX25, EX35 and EX50 showed higher KHN values when compared to the commercial SB. EX25, EX35 and EX50 showed higher KHN values when compared to the commercial SB. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present investigation suggest that the addition of zirconia nanoparticles seems to be a good alternative to produce radiopaque adhesives with increased microhardness.

Correlation between degree of conversion, resin-dentin bond strength and nanoleakage of simplified etch-and-rinse adhesives.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to correlate the degree of conversion measured inside the hybrid layer (DC) with the microtensile resin-dentin bond strength (µTBS) and silver nitrate uptake or nanoleakage (SNU) for five simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. METHODS: Fifty-five caries free extracted molars were used in this study. Thirty teeth were used for µTBS/SNU [n=6] and 25 teeth for DC [n=5]. The dentin surfaces were bonded with the following adhesives: Adper Single Bond 2 (SB), Ambar (AB), XP Bond (XP), Tetric N-Bond (TE) and Stae (ST) followed by composite resin build-ups. For µTBS and SNU test, bonded teeth were sectioned in order to obtain stick-shaped specimens (0.8mm(2)), which were tested under tensile stress (0.5mm/min). Three bonded sticks, from each tooth, were not tested in tensile stress and they were immersed in 50% silver nitrate, photo-developed and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Longitudinal 1-mm thick sections were prepared for the teeth assigned for DC measurement and evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS: ST showed lowest DC, µTBS, and higher SNU (p<0.05). All other adhesives showed similar DC, µTBS, and SNU (p>0.05), except for TE which showed an intermediate SNU level. The DC was positively correlated with µTBS and negatively correlated with SNU (p<0.05). SNU was also negatively correlated with µTBS (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The measurement of DC inside the hybrid layer can provide some information about bonding performance of adhesive systems since this property showed a good correlation with resin-dentin bond strength and SNU values.

Effect of the application time of phosphoric acid and self-etch adhesive systems to sclerotic dentin.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of application time on the resin-dentin bond strength (µTBS) and etching pattern of adhesive systems applied on sclerotic dentine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of forty-two bovine incisors had their roots removed. The 1-step self-etch GO (SDI), the 2-step self-etch Adper SE Bond (3MESPE) and the 35% phosphoric acid (3MESPE) from the 2-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond 2 (3MESPE) were applied on the bovine incisal surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions or duplicating the recommended conditioning time. After adhesive application, thirty teeth were restored with composite resin, stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37°C, and sectioned into resin-dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm²) and tested according to the µTBS at 0.5 mm/min. The etching pattern of the remaining twelve teeth (n=4 for each material) was examined under scanning electron microscopy. Each tooth was divided into a buccal-to-lingual direction into three thirds, and each third randomly assigned to the groups: control (no treatment), according to the manufacturers' instructions and duplicating the recommended application time. The µTBS and the relative percentage of the tubule area opening were evaluated by two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). RESULTS: The duplication of the conditioning time favored only the GO adhesive (p<0.05). Both application methods significantly increased the tubule area opening (p<0.05) compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of duplicating the conditioning time was only effective for the 1-step self-etch adhesive system tested.

Efeito do uso de agente dessensibilizante na efetividade do clareamento e na sensibilidade dental / Assessing the effect of a desensitizing agent on dental sensitivity and effectiveness of bleaching

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar clinicamente o efeito de um agente dessensibilizante utilizado previamente à aplicação de um gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 200/0 contendo cálcio (PH20) na efetividade do clareamento (EC) e sensibilidade dental (SD). Foram selecionados 30 pacientes, os quais foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo placebo (GP) e grupo experimental (GE). Um gel placebo ou dessensibilizante (Desensibilize KF 20%, FGM) foi aplicado durante 10 minutos antes do clareamento de consultório (CC) realizado com PH20% (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM), em 2 sessões com aplicação única de 50 minutos. Este protocolo foi repetido na 1ª e 2ª sessões, com intervalo de 7 dias entre as mesmas. Os pacientes utilizaram escala de 0-4 para anotarem a SD. A cor foi registrada com escala Vita antes e após cada sessão. A EC foi analisada estatisticamente pelos testes de análise de variância e Tukey (0=0,05). A porcentagem de pacientes com SD, assim como a intensidade de SD foram avaliados pelos testes exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney, respectivamente. Ao final das 2 sessões de clareamento. 90% dos pacientes atingiram a cor A 1/B2. O CC foi efetivo para os 2 grupos avaliados com alteração de cor entre 6 e 7 unidades na escala Vita. Houve relatos de SD em 33,3% dos pacientes no GP e 20% no GE. A intensidade SD foi similar para os 2 grupos (p>0,05). Concluiu-se que o uso de agente dessensibilizante previamente ao CC com PH 20% não interferiu na EC e não reduziu a prevalência e intensidade da SD.

The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the bleaching efficiency (BE) and tooth sensitivity (TS) of a desensitizing agent used before in-office bleaching with 20% hydrogen peroxide gel with calcium. It was selected 30 patients, which were randomized into placebo and experimental groups. A placebo or desensitizing gel (Oesensibilize KF 20%, FGM) was applied for 10 minutes before in-office bleaching with 20% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP Blue, FGM), in two sessions with one application of 50 minutes This protocol was repeated on the first and second sessions, with a week of interval between sessions. The patients used a scale of O to 4 to write down their tooth sensitivity. The color was registered with a Vita scale before and after each session. The BE was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests The percentage of patients with TS, as well as TS intensity were analyzed by Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests At the end of two sessions of dental bleaching, 90% of patients achieved A 1/B2 color. In-office bleaching was effective for both groups with color change between 6 and 7 units in Vita scale. It was reported sensitivity in 33.3% of patients from placebo group and 20% from experimental group. The intensity ofTS was similar for both groups (p>0.05). The use of a desensitizing agent before in-office dental bleaching using 20% hydrogen peroxide had no effect on BE and did not reduce the prevalence and intensity of tooth sensitivity.

Efeito do clareamento na susceptibilidade ao manchamento de uma resina composta / Effect of bleaching on staining susceptibility of a composite resin

Objetivo: verificar o efeito do clareamento (caseiro e em consultório) na susceptibilidade ao manchamento de uma resina composta e imersão em soluções corantes. Trinta espécimes de resina composta microhíbrida sofreram avaliação de cor inicial (Vita EasyShade) e aleatoriamente divididos em 6 grupos G1: sem clareamento, com imersão em café; G2: sem clareamento, com imersão em vinho; G3: clareado com peróxido de carbamida 10% (PC 10%) e imersão em café; G4: clareado com PC 10% e imersão em vinho; G5: clareado com peróxido de hidrogênio 35% (PH 35%) e imersão café e G6: clareado com PH 35% e imersão em vinho. Em seguida, houve avaliação final de cor. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA 2 fatores e Pós-teste de Tukey (α=0,05). Foram avaliados valores de L (luminosidade), sendo as médias (desvio-padrão) dos valores iniciais - G1: 88,22(1,62); G2:86,76(0,86); G3:82,52(2,90); G4:84,72(1,24); G5:85,64(1,92); G6:86,30(1,13), e os valores finais: G1: 78,32(2,24); G2: 76,46(1,61); G3: 74,60(0,92); G4: 65,00(3,97); G5: 75,56(1,76); G6: 72,48(4,69). Os valores de ΔE também foram calculados (critérios do NBS). Conclusão: a resina composta, submetida ao clareamento, caseiro sofreu maior alteração de cor quando imerso em vinho tinto, comparado aos demais grupos.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of at-home and in-office bleaching on staining susceptibility of a resin composite with immersion in staining solutions. Thirty specimens of a microhybrid composite were first evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade), and randomly divided into 6 groups: G1: no bleaching, immersion in coffee; G2: no bleaching, immersion in red wine; G3: bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (PC10%) and immersion in coffee; G4: bleaching with PC10% and immersion in wine; G5: bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (PH35%) and immersion in coffee; G6: PH35% and immersion in wine. The final color was evaluated for all groups. Color change values (CIELab), by means of L values - luminosity - were evaluated and statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's post-test. Results: means(standard-deviation) for initial L values were: G1:88.22(1.62); G2:86.76(0.86); G3:82.52(2.90); G4:84.72(1.24); G5:85.64(1.92); G6:86.30(1.13), e final L values were: G1:78.32(2.24); G2:76.46(1.61); G3:74.60(0.92); G4:65.00(3.97); G5:75.56(1.76); G6:72.48(4.69). ΔE values were also calculated, according to NBS criteria. Conclusion: there was an increased staining susceptibility of the resin composite submitted to at-home bleaching when immersed in red wine, compared to the another groups, by means of luminosity.

Interfacial integrity of bonded restorations with self-etching adhesives: Water storage and thermo-mechanical cycling.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on the microleakage (µL) and axial gap width (AG) of Class V bonded restorations in premolars using self-etching adhesive systems. The bond strength of composite restorations to dentin (µTBS) using the same adhesives was also evaluated in third molars after water storage: 24 h and 6 months. The research hypotheses were tested for the results of two self-etching adhesives in comparison when a conventional two-step adhesive was used: (1) the µL and AG would be lower, regardless of TMC; (2) the µTBS of self-etching adhesives would be higher, irrespective of evaluation times. METHODS: Sixty Class V composite restorations were made in 30 premolars and bonded with Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2), AdheSE (ASE), and Adper Prompt L-Pop (APL-P) (n=20). Dentin µL and AG were immediately measured for half of the sample. The other half was evaluated after TMC. Eighteen third molars were also selected and bonded using the same adhesives to test the µTBS to dentin. Specimens were evaluated after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. RESULTS: No differences in µL and AG were found among the groups (P>.05). The µTBS mean values were: ASB2>ASE>APL-P (P<.05); only Adper Single Bond 2 presented a significantly lower µTBS after water storage (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The bonding approach does not influence the microleakage and interfacial gap extension. Despite the decrease in the mean values, the bond strength to dentin of the conventional, two-step adhesive remains high after 6 months of water storage.

Efeito de diferentes agentes clareadores de uso caseiro na microdureza superficial de resinas compostas: microhíbrida X nanohíbrida / Effect of different at-home bleaching agents in microhardness surface of resin composites: microhybrid X nanohybrid

Avaliou-se o efeito de agentes clareadores de uso caseiro na microdureza de resinas compostas (RC) microhíbrida e nanohíbrida. Foram confeccionados 30 corpos-de-prova (cp), divididos em seis grupos (n=5). Os grupos G1 a G3 utilizaram RC microhíbrida (Opallis), e os grupos G4 a G6, RC nanohíbrida (BrilliantNewLine). Os agentes clareadores utilizados foram: peróxido de hidrogênio 6% (PH) (White Class Cálcio) e peróxido de carbamida 16% (PC) (Whiteness Perfect). Após a confecção dos cp, o clareamento foi realizado: G1 e G4: grupo controle sem agente clareador, G2 e G5: PH - 28 dias, G3 e G6: PC - 28 dias, de acordo com as recomendações dos fabricantes. Em seguida, o teste de microdureza foi realizado. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por ANOVA e Tukey (5%). Os resultados de microdureza (HV) e desvio-padrão foram: G1-26,56 ± 3,9, G2-25,98 ± 3,3 e G3-24,94 ± 4,4; G4-27,24 ± 3,3; G5-32,02 ± 6,4 e 37,72 G6- ± 8,1. O único grupo que apresentou diferenças significativas para os outros foi o G6 (p <0,05), mas não diferiu significativamente em relação ao G5 (p = 0,0058). Concluiu-se que o uso de agentes clareadores de uso caseiro não afetou negativamente a microdureza das resinas compostas testadas.

It was evaluated the effects of home bleaching agents on microhardness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. 30-of-body were made and divided into 6 groups (n=5). The groups G1 to G3 used a microhybrid CR (Opallis), while groups G4 to G6 used a nanohybrid CR (BrilliantNewLine). The bleaching agents used were: 6% hydrogen peroxide (PH) (White Class Cálcio) and 16% carbamide peroxide (PC) (Whiteness Perfect). After the specimens were prepared, the bleaching was realized as follows: G1 and G4: control group without bleaching agent, G2 and G5: PH - 28 days, G3 and G6: PC - 28 days, in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. After it, the microhardness test was performed. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's tests (5%). The results of microhardness (HV) and standard deviation of each group were: G1- 26.56±3.9; G2- 25.98±3.3; G3- 24.94±4.4; G4- 27.24±3.3; G5- 32.02±6.4 and G6- 37.72±8.1. The only group that showed significant differences to the anothers was the G6 (p<0.05), but did not differ significantly in relation to G5 (p=0.0058). It was concluded that the use of home bleaching agents didn't affect negatively the microhardness of the composite resins tested.

Influência do polimento após manchamento de uma resina composta submetida a diferentes bebidas / Influence of polishing after staining of a composite subjected to different drinks

Objetivo: avaliar se o polimento pode minimizar ou resolver o manchamento ocasionado porcorantes de diferentes bebidas em resina composta. Material e Métodos: Confeccionou-se 40corpos-de-prova (CP)de resina composta microhíbrida Opallis (FGM), cor B1,em matriz plástica (5mm de diâmetro e 2 mm de espessura). A fotoativação foi realizada por 30s com LEDmetron I.Aseguir os CP's foram submetidos à avaliação inicial de cor em espectrofotômetro VITA EasyshadeCompact" obtendo-se valores correspondentes da escala CIEL*a*b*. Os CP foram divididos em 4grupos (n=10): água destilada (controle), café, Coca-Colaw e vinho tinto. Realizou-se avaliaçãoinicial da cor, após imersão por 60 dias para promover o manchamento e, após o procedimentode polimento com discos de feltro e pasta diamantada. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA2 fatores e pós-teste de Tukey (o=O,OS).Resultados: As médias ± desvio padrão de L* mostraramque a resina composta apresentou manchamento (p>O,OOl) após 60 dias de imersão em vinho(S7,96±7,98) e no café (61,89±3,S9) quando comparado a água destilada (73,49± 1,20) e a Coca--Cola" (70,SO±1,30). O polimento não conseguiu melhoria no manchamento (p

Objective: To assesswhether the polishing can minimize or solve the staining caused by dyes ofdifferent beverages in composite resins. Methods: 40 specimens were fabricated with composite resinmicrohybrid Opallis (FGM), B1 color in the plastic matrix (S mm in diameter and 2 mm thickl Thepolymerization was carried out with 30 seconds LEDmetron I.Then the specimens underwent initialevaluation of color spectrophotometer VITA Easyshade ® Compact obtaining corresponding valuesof the scale CIEL*a*b", The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 10): distilled water (controllcoffee, Coca-Colae and red wine. The specimens were again subjected to color evaluation initial,after the immersion for 60 days to promote the staining, and after the polishing procedure (felt discwith diamond paste). Data were analyzed by two-away ANOVA and Tukev's HSD test (0= O.OS).Results:mean ± standard deviation of L* showed that the composite showed staining (p¼ 0.001) after60 days of immersion in wine (S7.96 ± 7.98) and coffee (61.89 ± 3.S9) when compared to distilledwater (73.49 ± 1.20) and Coca-Cola ® (70.S0 ± 1.30).The polishing could not improve the staining (p<0.001) caused by wine and coffee. Conclusion: the polishing didn't minimize the stains caused bywine and coffee and such changes considered clinically detectable to the human eye.

Influência de diferentes bebidas na estabilidade de cor da resina composta / Influence of different drinks on the resin composites' color stability

A maior preocupação dos pacientes na Odontologia é a estética do sorriso. Nesse sentido, os fabricantes de materiais odontológicos têm aprimorado as resinas compostas, para que apresentem excelente estética e boas propriedades mecânicas. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar a influência de diferentes bebidas (vinho, coca-cola e café) na estabilidade de cor da resina composta com e sem escovação com dentifrício. Foram confeccionados corpos de prova com resina composta, os quais foram submetidos à avaliação inicial da cor e divididos em grupos que foram imersos por 30 e 60 dias, nos respectivos líquidos, referentes aos grupos experimentais. Após esse período de imersão, a cor foi novamente avaliada, e os corpos de prova, submetidos à escovação, para avaliar se a escovação é um método eficaz para prevenir ou diminuir o manchamento na resina composta, ocasionado pelas bebidas em estudo. As bebidas em estudo afetaram a estabilidade de cor das resinas compostas, apresentando alterações de cores visíveis. A escovação não foi eficaz na remoção da pigmentação pelo vinho tinto, porém propiciou melhoria no manchamento ocasionado pela coca-cola.

The main concern of patients in dentistry is the aesthetics of the smile. In this sense, the manufacturers of dental materials have improved, like the resins that are used for restorations in anterior and posterior teeth and that have excellent aesthetics and good mechanical properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of different drinks (wine, Coke and coffee) on color stability of composite resin with and without brushing with toothpaste. Specimens were fabricated with composite resin, which underwent an initial assessment of color and divided into groups that were immersed for 30 and 60 days in their net regarding the experimental groups. After this period of immersion, the color was measured again, and the specimens were submitted to brushing, to assess whether toothbrushing is an effective method to prevent or reduce the staining in composite resin, caused by drinking in study. Drinks in the study affected the color stability of composite resins, with color changes visible. Brushing was not effective in removing the pigment in red wine, however, resulted in improved staining caused by Coke.

The effect of 6-month water storage on the bond strength of self-etch adhesives bonded to dentin.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the microtensile bond strengths (microTBS) of 1-step vs. 2-step self-etch systems to dentin after 24 hours and after 6 months of water storage. METHODS: Resin composite buildups were bonded to occlusal dentin of third molars using the following adhesives: Xeno IV (XE, Dentsply), G-Bond (GB, GC Inc), Clearfil S3 Bond (CS3, Kuraray); Adper Prompt L-Pop (AD, 3M ESPE); Go (GO, SDI), All Bond SE (ABSE 1-step or ABSE 2-step, Bisco) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSE, Kuraray). The bonded sticks (cross-sectioned area of 0.8-0.9 mm2) originated from the same teeth were randomly divided to be tested after 24 hours or after 6 months of water storage. The data was submitted to two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test with and without the inclusion of premature failures (PF) (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The inclusion of PF resulted in different statistically significant means for CS3, CSE and AD (P<0.05). Only the ABSE2 showed stable bonds after 6 months of water storage (P>0.05).

Comparação da radiopacidade de cimentos resinosos pelos sistemas de radiografia convencional e digital / Comparison of radiopacity in luting resin cements using conventional and digital radiographic systems

Objective: To evaluate the radiopacity of three different resin composite luting cements using the histogram method (conventional radiography) and pixel counting method (digital radiography). Methods: Fifteen specimens were divided into 3 different resin composite luting cement groups: G-I) Cement-Post (Ângelus®, Londrina, Brazil), G-II) RelyX ARC (3MESPE, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) and G-III) Variolink II (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). After 24 hours, conventional x-rays of the specimens were taken with a lead gauge, making a visual evaluation by scores, to classify the specimen?s radiopacity according to the scale shade (control); they were then scanned for the purposes of analyzing the histogram using Adobe Photoshop CS2, version 8.0. Using the same specimens, x-rays were taken using a Digital X-RAY Intra-Oral System (Gnatus DSR, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil). In this case, the capture of the digital images was performed using Cygnus Imaging® software and the digital radiopacity was measured by counting pixels, using the Image Tool® software (UTHSCSA). Results: The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn?s post-test (p<0.05) showed that the means and respective standard deviation percentages of white pixels in the digital x-rays were: G-I) 48.94 ±3.16, G-II) 60.22 ±3.86 and G-III) 69.36 ±5.32. As for the conventional x-rays, the means and standard deviations of the histogram analyses that evaluated gray tones were: G-I) 71.98 ±13.02; G-II) 85.40 ±4.47; G-III) 130.51 ±5.82. Conclusion: In conclusion, regardless of the method used (conventional or digital x-rays), G-III obtained the largest radiopacity value.

Objetivo: Avaliar a radiopacidade de cimentos resinosos pelo método do histograma (radiografia convencional) e da contagem de pixels (radiografia digital). Métodos: Foram utilizados 15 corpos-de-prova divididos em três grupos de cimentos resinosos: Grupo I) Cement-Post (Ângelus®, Londrina, Brasil), Grupo II) RelyX ARC (3MESPE, St. Paul, USA) e Grupo III) Variolink II (Ivoclar/Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein). Após 24 horas, foram realizadas radiografias convencionais dos corpos-de-prova juntamente com uma escala de chumbo, realizando assim uma avaliação visual por escores para classificar a radiopacidade dos corpos-de-prova de acordo com a tonalidade da escala (controle); e em seguida, foram escaneadas para análise do histograma no software Adobe Photoshop CS2 versão 8.0. Com os mesmos corpos-de-prova, realizaram-se tomadas radiográficas empregando-se o Sistema Intra-oral de Raio-X Digital (Gnatus, Ribeirão Preto, Brasil), sendo a captura das imagens digitais realizadas com o software Cygnus Imaging® e a radiopacidade digital mensurada pela contagem de pixels com o software Image Tool® (UTHSCSA). Resultados: O teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn (p<0,05) mostrou que as médias das porcentagens de pixels brancos das radiografias digitais e os seus respectivos desvios-padrão foram: Grupo I) 48,94 ±3,16; Grupo II) 60,22 ±3,86 e Grupo III) 69,36 ±5,32. Já nas radiografias convencionais, as médias e os desvios-padrão das análises do histograma avaliando tons de cinza foram: Grupo I) 71,98 ±13,02; Grupo II) 85,40 ±4,47 e Grupo III) 13,51 ±5,82. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que utilizando tanto o sistema de radiografia convencional quanto o sistema digital, o Grupo III obteve uma maior radiopacidade.

Efeito de diferentes dentifrícios contendo evidenciador de placa e clorexidina na estabilidade de cor e rugosidade superficial de uma resina composta / Effect of different dentifrices containing plaque disclosing and chlorhexidine in color stability and surface roughness of a composite resin

O presente estudo analisou a alteração de cor e rugosidade superficial de um compósito utilizando quatro dentifrícios, desenvolvidos para estimular pacientes em sua higiene bucal. Utilizou-se um compósito microhíbrido,cor B1, e foram confeccionados 40 corpos de prova (cp). A seguir, os cp foram submetidos à avaliação inicial de cor em espectrofotômetro e de rugosidade inicial em rugosímetro digital. Os cp foram divididos em oito grupos (n = 5) para se realizar a escovação: G1e G5, dentifrício com flúor; G2 e G6, dentifrício com flúor + clorexidina; G3 e G7, dentifrício com flúor + evidenciador de placa + clorexidina; G4 e G8, dentifrício com flúor + evidenciador de placa. Esse teste foi realizado na máquina de escovação. Posteriormente, G1a G4 foram novamente submetidos à avaliação de cor e G5 a G8, de rugosidade final. ANOVA e pós-teste de Tukey (a = 0,05) demonstraram que as maiores médias (± desvio padrão) de variação de cor foram para G3 = 10,1(±6,4) e G4 = 8,6(±4,4), e as menores, para G1 = 0,8(±1,4) e G2 = 0,8(±0,8), com diferença significativa entre G1-G2 e G3-G4 (p < 0,0035). Para a rugosidade,ANOVA 2 fatores e pós-teste de Bonferroni (a = 0,05) mostraram diferença significativa (p < 0,0001) entre os valores de rugosidade (média ± desvio padrão) em mm antes (G5 = 0,7 ± 0,2; G6 = 0,8 ± 0,5; G7 = 0,6 ± 0,1; G8 = 0,5 ± 0,2) e após escovação (G5:1,4 ± 0,3; G6 = 1,4 ± 0,4; G7 = 1,5 ± 0,3; G8 = 1,2 ± 0,2) em todos os grupos. Concluiu-se que o evidenciador de placa demonstrou a maior alteração de cor no compósito e houve aumento significativo da rugosidade superficial após a escovação em todos os grupos.

This study evaluated the color stability and the surface roughness of a composite resin using four toothpastes developed to stimulate oral hygiene in persons. Methods: A hybrid composite resin, color B1, was used, and forty specimens were made. Subsequently, the specimens? colors were at first evaluated in a spectrophotomer and the initial roughness in a roughness meter. The specimens were then divided into 8 groups (n = 5): G1 and G5 toothpaste with fluoride; G2 and G6 toothpaste with chlorhexidine; G3 and G7 toothpaste with fluoride + plaquedisclosing (erythrosine) + chlorhexidine; G4 and G8 toothpaste with fluoride + plaque disclosing (erythrosine). This test was conducted in a mechanical toothbrushing machine. The specimens (G1 to G4) were again subjected to color evaluation and final roughness (G5 to G8). ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05) showed that the highest values mean (±standard-deviation) went to G3 = 10.1 (±6.4) and G4 = 8.6 (±4.4) and the lowest to G1 = 0.8(±1.4) and G2 = 0.8(±0.8), with a significant difference between groups G1-G2 and G3-G4 (p < 0.0035). For surface roughness, 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni?s test (a = 0.05) showed significant differences (p < 0.0001) between roughness values (mean ± standard- deviation) in mm before (G5 = 0.7 ± 0.2; G6 = 0.8 ± 0.5; G7 = 0.6 ± 0.1; G8 = 0.5 ± 0.2) and after (G5:1.4 ± 0.3; G6 = 1.4 ± 0.4; G7 = 1.5 ± 0.3; G8 = 1.2 ± 0.2) brushing for all groups. Conclusion: plaque disclosing showed the highest change of color in the composite resin and significant increase of superficial roughness happens after brushing in all the experimental groups.

Avaliação clínica do uso de um dessensibilizante antes do clareamento de consultório / Clinical evaluation of a desensitizing agent used before in-office bleeching

Objetivo: avaliar clinicamente o efeito de um agente dessensibilizante utilizado previamente. ià aplicação de um gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 3S% (PH3S) na eficiência do clareamento (EC) ."e sensibilidade dental (50). Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 30 pacientes divididos em grupo placebo (GP; n=lS) e grupo experimental (GE; n=lS). Um gel placebo ou dessensibilizante (Oesensibilize KF 2%) foi aplicado sobre as superfícies vestibulares dos dentes durante 10 minantes do clareamento com PH3S (Whiteness HP Blue 3S%). Este protocolo foi repetido na l' . e 2' sessões. Os pacientes utilizaram uma escala de O a 4 para anotarem a sensibilidade. A corfoi registrada no início e após a l' e 2' sessões de clareamento usando a escala Vita ordenada por valor. A EC foi analisada estatisticamente pelos testes de análise de variância e de Tukey. A porcentagem de pacientes com 50, assim como a intensidade foram avaliados pelos testes exato de Fisher e Mann-Whitney (a=O,OS), respectivamente. Resultados: O uso de um agente dessensibilizante não afetou a EC (cor B1/A 1 após duas semanas para 90% dos pacientes). 40% e 6,7% dos participantes do GP e GE, respectivamente apresentaram 50 (p < O,OS). A intensidade da 50 foi similar para os grupos (p > O,OS). Conclusão: O uso de um agente dessensibilizante antes do clareamento de consultório reduziu a prevalência de 50.

Objective: To evaluate the bleaching efficiency (BE) and tooth sensitivity (T5) of a desen¬sitizing agent used before in-office bleaching with 3S% hydrogen peroxide gel. Methods: We selected 30 patients for this study, which were divided into placebo and experimental groups. A placebo or desensitizing gel (Oesensibilize KF 2%) was applied on the buccal surfaces of ali teeth for 10 min (n = lS). This protocol was repeated one week later. Patients used a scale of O to 4 to write down their tooth sensitivity. The color was registered before and after the 1 st and 2nd sessions of bleaching using a value-oriented Vita Classical scale. The BE was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The % of patients with T5 as well as T5 intensity was analyzed by the Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney tests (a=O.OS). Results: The use of a desensitizing gel didn 't affect the BE (B 1 /A 1 color after two weeks for 90% of patients). 40% and 6.7% of the participants from the placebo and experimental groups presented T5 (pO.OS). Conclusion: The use of desensitizing gel before in-office bleaching reduced the prevalence of this side effect.

Relato de duas técnicas de microabrasão do esmalte para remoção de manchas: discussão de casos clínicos / Report of two microabrasion techniques of enamel to remove stains and discussion

O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar e discutir por meio da apresentação de casos clínicos a utilização de duas diferentes técnicas de microabrasão do esmalte na remoção de manchas. No primeiro caso clínico, utilizou-se uma mistura de pedra-pomes e ácido fosfórico 37%. No segundo caso clínico, foi utilizado ácido clorídrico 6% e carbeto de silício. Independentemente da técnica selecionada, o sucesso na remoção das manchas está relacionado a corretos diagnósticos. Pode-se concluir que as duas técnicas de microabrasão do esmalte foram capazes de remover as manchas intrínsecas do esmalte, mostrando sua eficácia e, assim, restabelecendo a estética dos elementos dentários envolvidos.

The aim of this study was to report and discuss, through the presentation of clinical cases, the use of two different enamel microabrasion techniques to remove stains. Two techniques were compared between themselves. In the first clinical case used a mixture of pumice and 37% phosphoric acid. In the second case was used 6% cloridric acid and siliceous carbide. Regardless of the technique selected the successful of spots removal is related to a correct diagnosis. It can be concluded that two enamel microabrasion techniques were able to remove intrinsic stains from enamel, demonstrating its effectiveness and thus restoring the esthetics of the teeth involved.

Influência do tempo de armazenamento na resistência de união à microtração de diferentes sistemas adesivos em dentina superficial e profunda / Influence of water storage time on microtensile bond strength of different adhesive systems on superficial and deep dentin

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união (RU) de um sistema adesivo convencional (Adper™ Single Bond 2 [SB] (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA)) e de dois autocondicionantes (Adper™ SE Plus [SE] (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, EUA) e AdheSE® [AD] (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein, DDR)) em dentina superficial (DS) e profunda (DP), nos tempos imediatamente e após 6 meses de armazenamento em água. Superfícies oclusais de 24 terceiros molares humanos foram seccionadas e smear layer padronizada. Após procedimentos adesivos, as superfícies dos dentes receberam restaurações em resina composta. Tais dentes foram seccionados obtendo-se espécimes em forma de palitos (0,7 + 0,1mm2). Os espécimes foram testados por meio do ensaio de microtração (0,5 mm/min), imediatamente e após 6 meses de armazenamento em água. Os dados foram submetidos à ANOVA 3 fatores e ao pós-teste de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Na avaliação imediatamente da RU, apenas o fator “adesivo” foi significativo (p<0,05). Os dados de RU após 6 meses mostraram que a interação dos fatores “adesivo e substrato dentinário” foi significativa (p<0,05). AD em DS (IM: 49,0 ± 6,7 MPa) mostrou diminuição significativa da RU após 6M (23,2 ± 7,9 MPa) de armazenamento em água. SE e AD mostraram diferença significativa (p<0,05) tanto em DS como em DP. Em DS o fator tempo foi significativo e em DP o fator adesivo foi significativo. SB tanto em DS como em DP não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante imediatamente e após 6 meses (p>0,05). Conclui-se que diferentes níveis de profundidade dentinária podem afetar a RU para o mesmo material e que o fator tempo pode influenciar a degradação do sistema adesivo.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resin-dentin bond strengths (μTBS) of a total-etch adhesive system (Adper™ Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and of two self-etch adhesive systems (Adper™ SE Plus [SE], 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA and AdheSE® [AD], Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein, DDR) in superficial dentin (SD) and deep dentine (DD) immediately and after 6 months of storage in water. Surface occlusals of 24 carie-free human third molars were exposed to their SD or DD and polished to create a standardized smear layer. After the adhesive procedures, composite buildups were constructed incrementally and sectioned to obtain bonded sticks (0.7 + 0.1 mm2) that were tested in tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately and after 6 months of water storage. The μTBS data were submitted to a three--way analysis of variance (ANOVA) model with Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). In the evaluation of the immediate μTBS, only the “adhesive” factor was significant (p <0.05). After 6 months of storage in water, the interaction of the “adhesive and dentinal substrate” factors was significant (p<0.05). The AD in SD (IM: 49.0 ± 6.7 MPa) showed a significant decrease in the μTBS after 6 months of storage in water (23.2 ± 7.9 MPa). The SE and AD showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the SD and DD. The most significant factor for the SD was time, while for the DD, it was the adhesive. The SB in the SD and DD showed no statistically significant differences either immediately or after 6 months (p> 0.05). In conclusion, different levels of dentin depth can affect the bond strength for the same material, and time may influence the degradation of the adhesive system.

Pinos intrarradiculares estéticos: caso clínico / Esthetics root posts: clinical case

O objetivo desse estudo foi demonstrar a técnica de utilização de pinos intrarradiculares em fibras de vidro translúcido. Foi selecionado um elemento dentário (incisivo lateral superior) de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 36 anos de idade atendida na disciplina de Dentística Restauradora da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). O elemento dentário foi tratado endodonticamente e possuía restauração provisória deficiente. Esse procedimento foi realizado com o intuito de gerar retenção ao material restaurador definitivo e reforçar a porção coronária remanescente do elemento dentário, minimizando, assim, a probabilidade de fratura. A utilização do pino intrarradicular em fibras de vidro contribui para a manutenção da estética do elemento dentário, além de promover uma melhor distribuição das tensões nas estruturas dentárias e a retenção do material restaurador. Pinos em fibras de vidro contribuem para a estética natural dos elementos dentários.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the technique of use of translucent glass fiber root posts. It was selected a teeth (maxilar lateral incisor) of a female patient, 36 years old assisted in the discipline of Dentistry of the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG). The dental element sufferred endodontics treatment and it has deficient temporary restoration. That procedure was accomplished with the intention of to generate retention to the definitive restoring material and to reinforce the remaining coronary portion of the dental element, minimizing, like this, the fracture probability. The use of the glass fiber root posts contributed to the maintenance of the aesthetics of the dental element, besides promoting a better distribution of the tensions in the dental structures and the retention of the restoring material. Glass fiber posts contribute to the natural aesthetics of the dental element.

Remoção química-mecânica da cárie dentária com o gel Papacárie®: relato de caso clínico / Chemomechanical caries removal with Papacárie® gel: case report

A Odontologia contemporânea visa desenvolver novos materiais e aprimorar as técnicas restauradoras para restabelecer a estética e a função, preservando o máximo de estrutura dentária. O uso extensivo de alta e baixa rotação deixou de ser técnica única de preparos cavitários, passando a contar com um aliado importante nessa etapa operatória, a remoção química-mecânica da cárie. Vários agentes foram testados, entre eles o gel Papacárie®, material de origem brasileira que em relação aos pesquisados anteriormente, acrescentou a vantagem do baixo custo, tornando-o compatível com a realidade nacional. O uso de curetas e produtos químicos permite a seleção do tecido necrótico que deve ser eliminado, mantendo o restante da dentina desorganizada, mas com capacidade de regeneração. Pelo fato da dentina necrótica ser morta, a remoção seletiva desse tecido torna a remoção de cárie indolor, dispensando o uso de anestesia. Estas qualidades são atraentes, especialmente no atendimento infantil por reduzir as freqüentes fobias ao tratamento odontológico. Objetiva-se descrever, nesse trabalho, o protocolo de aplicação do gel Papacárie® em criança portadora de lesões agudas de cárie.

New materials and techniques, aiming to reestablish esthetics and function, and to preserve the maximum of healthy structure, plow of major concern in dentistry today. The Papacarie® gel is a material developed to removes carious tissue, (and to further denaturation) of the infected and necrotic dentin, without removing its capacity of regeneration. The vantage of being the method performed without pain, with the uses of scarves, and without anesthetics and the uses of drills. It goes these reasons, this study have the objective presents the clinical marries using Papacarie® gel,with the presentation of his application protocol in sharp decay lesion. The pediatric patient, feminine gender, with 5 years of acts, leukoderma, presents lesion of sharp decays in the deciduous teeth 74 and 75 without pulp involvement. This technique was indicated due to its easy utilization, since it donate not require the uses of rubber dam, anesthetics and drills. Like this, that material an alternative in daily clinical treatment in lesion of sharp decays without pulp involvement, mainly in pediatric dentistry.

Avaliação de produtos naturais e sintéticos no controle da aderência de Enterococcus faecalis em pinos estéticos / Evaluation of natural and synthetic products at the control of enterococcus faecalis adherence on aesthetic fiber posts

A aderência de Enterococcus faecalis e a ação desinfetante de compostos naturais e sintéticos foram verifcadas em 25 pinos de fibra de vidro. Os pinos foram submersos em 5 mL de suspensão de E. faecalis padronizada em 10 células/mL, incubados a 37ºC/1h e lavados em solução fisiológica e divididos em 5 grupos (n=5); sendo que o grupo controle (GI) não recebeu tratamento, e os outros grupos foram tratados com gluconato de clorexidrina 0,12% (GII); extrato etanólico de melaleuca 12% (GIII), álcool 70% (GIV) e extrato etanólico de própolis 12% (GV) por 5 minutos. Após lavagem e homogeneização dos pinos em 10 mL de solução fisiológica esterelizada por 30 segundos, alíquotas de 0,1 mL foram semeadas, em duplicata, em ágar Brain Heart Infusion e incubadas a 37ºC/24h. As médias e o desvio padrão obtidos do logaritmo 10 das unidades formadoras de colônia/mL (UFC/mL) de E. faecalis foram GI (5.16±0.11); GII (3.06±1.13); GIII (4.58±1.70); GIV (3.20±1.70); GV (1.85±1.99). O teste Kruskal-Wallis-Dunn demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0.05) entre o grupo I e os grupos II, IV e V. A malaleuca (GIII) não apresentou ação desinfetante significante, porém os demais produtos tiveram ação desinfetante no controle da aderência bacteriana por apresentarem resultados semelhantes.

Enterococcus faecalis's ability to adhere and antibacterial effect of natural and synthetic compounds were studied in 25 glass fiber posts. The posts were submerged in 5 mL suspension of E. faecalis standardized in 10 cells/mL and incubated at 37ºC/1h. After wash in saline solution, they were divided into 5 groups (n = 5); while the control group (GI) received no treatment, the other groups were treated with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% (GII); ethanolic extract of melaleuca 12% (GIII), alcohol 70% (GIV) and ethanolic extract of propolis 12% (GV) for 5 minutes each. The posts were washed in saline solution for 30 seconds, aliquots of 0.1mL were plated in duplicate, on agar BHI and incubated at 37ºC/24h. Then, it was determined the number of CFU/mL E. faecalis recovered from each post. The average and standard deviation obtained from the logarithm of CFU/mL were GI (5.16±0.11); GII (3.06±1.13); GIII (4.58±1.70); GIV (3.20±1.70); GV (1.85±1.99). The Kruskal-Wallis-Dunn test showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between group I and groups II, IV and V. Melaleuca (GIII) presented no significant antibacterial action, but the others products may be used successfully to control bacterial adherence in fiber posts.