Invertebrate Richness and Hatching Decrease with Sediment Depth in Neotropical Intermittent Ponds.

Some groups of invertebrates from intermittent wetlands produce dormant stages in response to environmental fluctuations. Dormancy is a strategy to survive such fluctuations and to persist in extreme aquatic habitats, such as temporary habitats. We investigated the hatching responses of invertebrate dormant stages across different depths of sediment in intermittent ponds. Our hypotheses were: (1) the richness and abundance of invertebrate hatchlings decrease as the depth of the sediment column increases, and (2) the composition of invertebrate hatchlings varies over the wetland sediment depth. Four intermittent ponds were sampled in southern Brazil. One sediment column of 30 cm depth was collected in each pond and stratified into 1 cm thick slices for analysis of the dormant stages. A total of 1,931 hatchlings distributed among 31 taxa were collected from the sediment columns over the experiment. The total richness and abundance of hatchlings (after bdelloid taxa exclusion) were negatively related with the sediment depth. The composition of aquatic invertebrates varied among the different strata over the sediment depth. As intermittent wetlands are ecosystems extremely susceptible to climate variations, the results help to understand the resilience of aquatic resistant communities from different sediment strata after drought events. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13157-023-01675-6.

Elaboração de projeto pedagógico para preceptoria de enfermeiros em terapia intensiva cardiológica / Elaboration of a pedagogical project for preceptory nurses in intensive cardiological therapy / Elaboración de un proyecto pedagógico para enfermeras preceptorias en terapia cardiológica intensiva

Objetivo: relatar a elaboração de um projeto pedagógico em preceptoria para enfermeiros em terapia intensiva cardiológica. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado em um Hospital Universitário Federal. Relato baseado na experiência de enfermeiras preceptoras em residência multiprofissional na área de concentração Enfermagem e atuantes na terapia intensiva cardiológica durante o ano de 2019. Resultados: a elaboração de um planejamento pedagógico para preceptoria de enfermeiros em terapia intensiva cardiológica contribui para sistematizar as atividades de estágio do residente, aprimorando o binômio teoria e prática, favorecendo assim, que os enfermeiros desenvolvam no exercício de sua profissão, atitudes reflexivas, críticas, humanitárias e éticas, com responsabilidade e competência para atuar em terapia intensiva cardiológica. Conclusão: por meio desse projeto pedagógico de estágio proporcionamos a melhoria da educação e formação dos residentes no âmbito da terapia intensiva cardiológica, bem como fomentamos a educação permanente e constante atualização.(AU)

Objective: to report the development of a pedagogical project in preceptorship for nurses in cardiac intensive care. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, of the experience report type, carried out in a Federal University Hospital. Report based on the experience of preceptor nurses in multidisciplinary residency in the area of concentration Nursing and working in cardiac intensive care during 2019. Results: the elaboration of a pedagogical planning for preceptorship of nurses in cardiac intensive care contributes to systematize the internship activities of the resident, improving the binomial theory and practice, thus favoring that nurses develop reflexive, critical, humanitarian and ethical attitudes in the exercise of their profession, with responsibility and competence to work in cardiac intensive therapy. Conclusion: through this pedagogical internship project we provide the improvement of education and training of residents in the scope of cardiac intensive care, as well as promoting permanent education and constant updating.(AU)

Objetivo: informar la elaboración de un proyecto pedagógico en preceptoría para enfermeras en cuidados intensivos cardíacos. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo, del tipo de informe de experiencia, realizado en un Hospital de la Universidad Federal. Informe basado en la experiencia de las enfermeras preceptoras en residencia multiprofesional en el área de concentración Enfermería y activa en cuidados intensivos cardíacos durante 2019. Resultados: la elaboración de una planificación pedagógica para la preceptación de enfermeras en cuidados intensivos cardíacos contribuye a sistematizar las actividades de pasantía del residente, mejorando la teoría y la práctica binomial, favoreciendo así que las enfermeras desarrollen actitudes reflexivas, críticas, humanitarias y éticas en el ejercicio de su profesión, con responsabilidad y competencia para trabajar en terapia intensiva cardíaca. Conclusión: a través de este proyecto de pasantía pedagógica, brindamos la mejora de la educación y la capacitación de los residentes en el ámbito de la atención intensiva cardíaca, así como promovemos la educación permanente y la actualización constante.(AU)

Gender violence: knowledge and professional conduct of the family health strategy. / Violência de gênero: conhecimento e conduta dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of health professionals of units of the Strategies Family opposite gender violence. METHODS: This descriptive study with 53 seven of units of the family health strategy professionals from March to July 2015. Data were collected through a self-administered instrument and analyzed in Excel 2007. RESULTS: It was observed that the knowledge of professionals about definitions, epidemiology and management of violence ranged from reasonable to good, despite knowing little about the prevalence of violence during pregnancy. Regarding the conduct was evident difficulty in questioning women about violence and its notification. Professionals with shorter assistance and who received training were more assertive results regarding conduct. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that educational actions in service be carried out in order to provide subsidies for the professionals' action against cases of gender violence.

Violência de gênero: conhecimento e conduta dos profissionais da estratégia saúde da família / La violencia de gênero: conocimiento y conducta profesional de la estrategia salud de la familia / Gender violence: knowledge and professional conduct of the family health strategy

Resumo OBJETIVO Avaliar os conhecimentos e condutas de profissionais de unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família frente à violência de gênero. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo, realizado com 53 profissionais de sete unidades de Estratégia Saúde da Família no período de março a julho de 2015. Os dados foram coletados por meio de instrumento autopreenchido e analisados no software Excel 2007. RESULTADOS Observou-se que o conhecimento dos profissionais sobre as definições, epidemiologia e manejo da violência variou de razoável a ótimo, apesar de conhecerem pouco sobre a prevalência de violência durante o período gestacional. Quanto às condutas, evidenciou-se dificuldade em questionar as mulheres sobre a violência e sua notificação. Os profissionais com menor tempo de assistência e que receberam capacitação apresentaram condutas mais adequadas. CONCLUSÕES Sugere-se a realização de ações educativas visando fornecer subsídios para a atuação dos profissionais frente aos casos de violência de gênero.

Resumen OBJETIVO Evaluar el conocimientos y el comportamientos de profesionales de unidades de la salud de la familia Estrategias violencia de género opuesto. MÉTODOS Estudio descriptivo con 53 profesionales de unidades de La salud de la familia de siete estratégias en el período de marzo a julio de 2015. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un instrumento de auto-administrados y analizados en el software Excel 2007. RESULTADOS Se observó que el conocimiento de los profesionales acerca de las definiciones, la epidemiología y la gestión de la violencia varió de razonable buena, a pesar de saber poco acerca de la prevalencia de la violencia durante el embarazo. En cuanto a la conducta era evidente dificultad para cuestionar las mujeres acerca de la violencia y su notificación. Los profesionales con la asistencia más corto y que recibieron entrenamiento fueron los resultados más asertivo respecto a la conducta. CONCLUSIONES Sugieren la realización de actividades de educación en servicio para proporcionar información para el trabajo de los profesionales en los casos de violencia de gênero.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge and behaviors of health professionals of units of the Strategies Family opposite gender violence. METHODS This descriptive study with 53 seven of units of the family health strategy professionals from March to July 2015. Data were collected through a self-administered instrument and analyzed in Excel 2007. RESULTS It was observed that the knowledge of professionals about definitions, epidemiology and management of violence ranged from reasonable to good, despite knowing little about the prevalence of violence during pregnancy. Regarding the conduct was evident difficulty in questioning women about violence and its notification. Professionals with shorter assistance and who received training were more assertive results regarding conduct. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that educational actions in service be carried out in order to provide subsidies for the professionals' action against cases of gender violence.

Violência contra mulher: acolhimento na estratégia saúde da família / La violencia contra la mujer: recepción en la estrategia salud de la familia / Violence against women: reception in the family health strategy

RESUMO Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar o acolhimento à mulher na Estratégia Saúde da Família em situações de violência. De caráter qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, este estudo foi realizado com 53 profissionais de sete equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família de um município da região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram produzidos pela técnica de observação não participante, registrados em diário de campo e analisados pela modalidade temática de Bardin. Os resultados mostram que os espaços físicos não propiciam condições de privacidade e acesso às mulheres em situação de violência. Parte dos profissionais preocupa-se em investigar situações de vida, mas a violência não. Uma das unidades tem identificado, no mapa inteligente, as mulheres em situação de violência e um fluxograma para atender a violência sexual. Conclui-se que é preciso repensar o acolhimento à mulher em situação de violência, propor a inclusão do problema na agenda e organizar os serviços com base na política.

RESUMEN El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el estado de la mujer en la Estrategia Salud de la familia acerca de las situaciones de violencia. De carácter cualitativo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo con cincuenta y tres profesionales de siete estrategias de salud de la familia de un municipio de la región noroeste del estado de Rio Grande do Sul. Los datos fueron producidos por la técnica de observación no participante, registrados en un diario de campo y analizadas por modalidad temática de Bardin. Los resultados muestran que los espacios físicos no ofrecen condiciones de confidencialidad y el acceso a las mujeres en situaciones de violencia. Algunos de los profesionales se refiere a investigar las situaciones de la vida, pero la violencia no lo es. Una de las unidades se ha identificado en un mapa con las mujeres víctimas de violencia y un diagrama de flujo para atender la violencia sexual. Se concluye que es necesario repensar el estado de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia, proponer la inclusión de ese tema en el programa y organizar los servicios basados en políticas.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the state of the woman in the Family Health Strategy about situations of violence. Of a qualitative nature, descriptive study was conducted with fifty three professionals from seven health strategies of the family of a municipality in the northwest region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data were produced by the technique of non-participant observation, recorded in a field journal and analyzed by thematic modality of Bardin. The results show that the physical spaces do not provide privacy conditions and access to women in situations of violence. Some of the professionals is concerned to investigate situations of life, but violence is not. One of the units has been identified on a map with women victims of violence and a flow chart to meet the sexual violence. It is concluded that it is necessary to rethink the state of women in situations of violence, propose the inclusion of the issue on the agenda and arrange the services based on policy

Avaliação da capacitação de manipuladores em higiene pessoal e boas práticas, em serviços de alimentação do Rio de Janeiro, RJ / Evaluation of training of handlers in personal hygiene and good practices in food services of Rio de Janeiro, RJ

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de compreensão de um grupo de manipuladores de alimentos em relação aos seus hábitos higiênicos pessoais e procedimentos de Boas Práticas no âmbito de Serviços de Alimentação do município do Rio de Janeiro.

Podophyllotoxin and other aryltetralin lignans from Eriope latifolia and Eriope blanchetii.

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Eriope blanchetii and E. latifolia (Lamiaceae) yielded podophyllotoxin, as well as the aryltetralin lignans α- and ß-peltatin and yatein. Oleanolic, ursolic and epikatonic acids were also isolated. This is the first occurrence of podophyllotoxin in the family.

Comparison of conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy techniques for treatment of pelvic tumors. Analysis of acute toxicity.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective analysis reports on the comparative outcome of acute gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities between conformal radiation therapy (CRT) and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) techniques in the treatment of patients with pelvic tumors. METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2008, 69 patients with pelvic tumors underwent whole pelvic CRT and 65 underwent whole pelvic IMRT to treat pelvic lymph nodes and primary tumor regions. Total dose to the whole pelvis ranged from 50 to 50.4 Gy in 25 to 28 daily fractions. Chemotherapy (CT) regimen, when employed, was based upon primary tumor. Acute GI and GU toxicities were graded by RTOG/EORTC acute radiation morbidity criteria. RESULTS: Absence of GI symptoms during radiotherapy (grade 0) was more frequently observed in the IMRT group (43.1% versus 8.7; p < 0.001) and medication for diarrhea (Grade 2) was more frequently used in the CRT group (65.2% versus 38.5%; p = 0.002). Acute GI grade 1 and 3 side effects incidence was similar in both groups (18.5% versus 18.8%; p = 0.95 and 0% versus 7.2%; p = 0.058, respectively). Incidence of GU toxicity was similar in both groups (grade 0: 61.5% versus 66.6%, p = 0.54; grade 1: 20% versus 8.7%, p = 0.06; grade 2: 18.5% versus 23.5%, p = 0.50 and grade 3: 0% versus 1.5%, p > 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: This comparative case series shows less grade 2 acute GI toxicity in patients treated with whole pelvic IMRT in comparison with those treated with CRT. Incidence of acute GU toxicity was similar in both groups.

Vectorial competence of larvae and adults of Alphitobius diaperinus in the transmission of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry.

INTRODUCTION: The ingestion of food products originating from poultry infected with Salmonella spp. is one of the major causes of food poisoning in humans. The control of poultry salmonellosis is particularly difficult since birds are asymptomatic and numerous factors may expedite the maintenance of bacteria in poultry production facilities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the vectorial capacity of adults and larvae of Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the experimental transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 to 1-day-old specific pathogen-free White Leghorn chicks. METHODS: Adult insects and larvae were starved for 1 day, fed for 24 h or 7 days on sterile ration that had been treated with Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4, and the levels of bacterial infection were determined. Infected adult insects and larvae were fed to groups of day-old chicks, after which bacteria were recovered from cecum, liver, and spleen samples over a 7-day period. RESULTS: Infected larvae were more efficient than adult insects in transmitting Salmonella Enteritidis to chicks. Higher concentrations of bacteria could be reisolated from the cecum, liver, and spleen of chicks that had ingested infected larvae compared with those that had ingested infected adults. CONCLUSIONS: The control of A. diaperinus, and particularly of the larvae, represents a critical factor in the reduction of Salmonella spp. in poultry farms.

Intensity modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: rigid compliance to dose-volume constraints as a warranty of acceptable toxicity?

BACKGROUND: To report the toxicity after intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for patients with localized prostate cancer, as a sole treatment or after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Between August 2001 and December 2003, 132 patients with prostate cancer were treated with IMRT and 125 were evaluable to acute and late toxicity analysis, after a minimum follow-up time of one year. Clinical and treatment data, including normal tissue dose-volume histogram (DVH) constraints, were reviewed. Gastro-intestinal (GI) and genito-urinary (GU) signs and symptoms were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) toxicity scales. Median prescribed dose was 76 Gy. Median follow-up time was of 26.1 months. RESULTS: From the 125 patients, 73 (58.4%) presented acute Grade 1 or Grade 2 GI and 97 (77.2%) presented acute Grade 1 or Grade 2 GU toxicity. Grade 3 GI acute toxicity occurred in only 2 patients (1.6%) and Grade 3 GU acute toxicity in only 3 patients (2.4%). Regarding Grade 1 and 2 late toxicity, 26 patients (20.8%) and 21 patients (16.8%) presented GI and GU toxicity, respectively. Grade 2 GI late toxicity occurred in 6 patients (4.8%) and Grade 2 GU late toxicity in 4 patients (3.2%). None patient presented any Grade 3 or higher late toxicity. Non-conformity to DVH constraints occurred in only 11.2% of treatment plans. On univariate analysis, no significant risk factor was identified for Grade 2 GI late toxicity, but mean dose delivered to the PTV was associated to higher Grade 2 GU late toxicity (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: IMRT is a well tolerable technique for routine treatment of localized prostate cancer, with short and medium-term acceptable toxicity profiles. According to the data presented here, rigid compliance to DHV constraints might prevent higher incidences of normal tissue complication.

Adaptação da técnica convencional de PET/CT para o planejamento radioterápico / Modification of conventional PET/CT technique for radiotherapy planning

A definição do volume a ser irradiado é o aspecto mais importante do planejamento radioterápico. As imagens de fusão da PET/CT permitem a visualização do tecido com aumento da atividade metabólica, o que melhora a delimitação do volume a ser tratado . A fim de reduzir os erros de fusão das imagens da PET com a TC, foram propostas algumas alterações do protocolo original que permitiram utilizar a PET/CT no planejamento radioterápico. No protocolo adaptado foi acrescentada, antes da aquisição da PET/CT, uma sequência tomográfica para visualização dos localizadores colocados no paciente durante a simulaçaõ do procedimento radioterápico e outra, logo após, com cortes mais finos, para reconstrução das imagens na estação de trabalho do planejamento radioterápico. De agosto/2004 a novembro/2005, foram realizados 88 planejamentos radioterápicos com auxílio das imagens da PET/CT. O alinhamento mecânico do eixo das duas modalidades permitiu a coincidência das imagens, reduzindo os erros de fusão em 99% dos casos, e possibilitou uma melhor avaliação da área de tratamento.

The definition of the tissue volume to be irradiated is the most important task in radiotherapy planning. A PET/CT fusion images allows the identification of the tissue with increased metabolic activity, thus enhancing the precise definition of the limits of the volume to be treated. To minimize errors that may occur by fusing the PET images with those of CT, some modifications were included to the original acquisition protocol which permitted the convenient utilization of PET/CT technique for the purposes of radiotherapy planning. The new protocol added one transmission tomographic sequence before conventional PET/CT, to check the position of the locators previously set for radiotherapy simulation, and a second multislice sequence after PET/CT for the purpose of reconstruction in the radiotherapy planning workstation. This second sequence is the one effectively used for the dosimetry plans. From August2004 through November 2005 88 radiotherapy plannings were performed at the PET/CT center according to the above described protocol. The mechanical axial alignment of the two imaging procedures thus achieved, resulted in near perfect image fusion in99% of the cases and improved the restriction of the treatment to the effective neoplasic tissue.