ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Craniofacial morphology is integral to Sleep Breathing Disorders (SBD), particularly Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), informing treatment strategies. This review assesses the utility of two-dimensional (2D) photogrammetry in evaluating these metrics among OSA patients. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Embase, and Lilacs databases were systematically searched for studies utilizing 2D photography in SBD. Findings were narratively synthesized. RESULTS: Thirteen studies involving 2,328 patients were included. Significant correlations were found between craniofacial measurements-specifically neck parameters and facial width-and OSA severity, even after BMI adjustment. Ethnic disparities in craniofacial morphology were observed, with photogrammetry effective in predicting OSA in Caucasians and Asians, though data for other ethnicities were limited. Pediatric studies suggest the potential of craniofacial measurements as predictors of childhood OSA, with certain caveats. CONCLUSION: 2D photogrammetry emerges as a practical and non-invasive tool correlating with OSA severity across diverse populations. However, further validation in various ethnic cohorts is essential to enhance the generalizability of these findings.
Subject(s)
Face , Photogrammetry , Photography , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , Humans , Photogrammetry/methods , Face/anatomy & histology , Sleep Apnea Syndromes/diagnosisABSTRACT
Anéis vasculares são anomalias congênitas raras, de posição e origem dos vasos da croça aórtica, que podem manifestar-se nos primeiros meses de vida com distúrbios respiratórios ou disfagia. Devido à inespecificidade dos sintomas, os pacientes passam por uma longa investigação diagnóstica até a sua confirmação. Nesse relato, são descritos dois casos de arco aórtico para a direita, com origem aberrante de artéria subclávia esquerda e que foram diagnosticados intraútero, resultando no tratamento cirúrgico no lactente sintomático. São discutidos os aspectos ecocardiográficos chaves para o diagnóstico pré-natal de anéis vasculares.