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1.
Cancers (Basel) ; 16(7)2024 Mar 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38611059

ABSTRACT

While the positive impact of early palliative care on the quality of life of cancer patients is well established, there is a noticeable research gap in developing countries. This study sought to determine the impact of an outpatient palliative care (OPC) program on the location of death among patients in Brazil. This was a retrospective study including patients with cancer who died between January 2022 and December 2022 in 32 private cancer centers in Brazil. Data were collected from medical records, encompassing demographics, cancer characteristics, and participation in the OPC program. The study involved 1980 patients, of which 32.3% were in the OPC program. OPC patients were predominantly younger (average age at death of 66.8 vs. 68.0 years old, p = 0.039) and composed of women (59.4% vs. 51.3%, p = 0.019) compared to the no-OPC patients. OPC patients had more home/hospice deaths (19.6% vs. 10.4%, p < 0.001), and participation in the outpatient palliative care program strongly predicted home death (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.54-2.64). Our findings suggest a significant impact of the OPC program on increasing home and hospice deaths among patients with cancer in our sample. These findings emphasize the potential of specialized OPC programs to enhance end-of-life care, particularly in low-resource countries facing challenges related to social and cultural dimensions of care and healthcare access.

2.
J Med Primatol ; 53(1): e12679, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37787178

ABSTRACT

Integrative medicine has gained space in veterinary medicine and hydrotherapy is mainly used as an adjunct on the treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. Use of this therapeutic modality in wild animals has seldom been reported. This article describes the use of hydrotherapy in two Callithrix penicillata patients with metabolic bone disease.


Subject(s)
Callithrix , Hydrotherapy , Animals , Animals, Wild
3.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; 22(supl.2): e20246690, 22 dez 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1532275

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: descrever a prática avançada do enfermeiro em cuidados paliativos que atua com a equipe Interdisciplinar em um projeto de extensão universitária nas favelas da Rocinha e Vidigal no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo relato de experiência, sobre a aplicabilidade de práticas avançadas de enfermagem, no contexto de cuidados paliativos em comunidades vulneráveis, Rocinha e Vidigal, 2019 e 2020. RESULTADOS: Enfermeiros líderes, por meio da micropolítica, buscam o alívio do sofrimento humano, mediante o controle de sinais e sintomas físicos, psicossociais e espirituais, através de raciocínio clínico, habilidade de resolução de problemas por intermédio da consulta de enfermagem e articulação junto a equipe interdisciplinar. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem de cuidados paliativos sob a ótica do projeto de comunidade compassiva tem mostrado uma forte prática da autonomia do enfermeiro, assim como proporciona visibilidade para a vulnerabilidade social e fortalecimento da prática avançada do enfermeiro no Brasil.


OBJECTIVE: to describe the advanced practice of nurses in palliative care who work with the Interdisciplinary team in a university extension project in the favelas of Rocinha and Vidigal in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHOD: This descriptive research shows an experience report on the applicability of advanced practice nursing in palliative care in vulnerable communities, Rocinha and Vidigal, 2019 and 2020. RESULTS: Through micropolitics, leading nurses seek to relieve human suffering by controlling physical, psychosocial, and spiritual signs and symptoms through clinical reasoning, problem-solving skills in nursing appointments, and articulation with the interdisciplinary team. COONCLUSION: From the perspective of the compassionate community project, the palliative care approach has shown a strong practice of nurse autonomy, provided visibility for social vulnerability, and strengthened the advanced practice of nurses in Brazil.

4.
Rev. Ciênc. Saúde ; 13(4): 33-37, Dezembro 2023.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1526387

ABSTRACT

Objective:To analyze the effect of methylene blue and 10% curcumin in fungi and bacteria through an in vitrostudy using photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods:Curcumin and methylene blue were photosensitized by a Photon Lase III laser applied for 90 s in a dark environment within a laminar flow chamber. Enterococcus faecalisand Candida albicans strains were cultured and standardized.Then, a minimum inhibitoryconcentration (MIC) assay was conducted for these photosensitizers, with concentration variations and incubation to evaluate their antimicrobial activity. Results:With PDT, Curcumin had significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC = 250 µg/mL).In contrast, methylene blue had antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (MIC < 12.5 µg/mL with PDT) and antifungal activity against C. albicans (MIC <12.5 µg/mL with or without PDT).Both agents showed greater efficacy in the presence of the laser.The results suggest that curcumin and methylene blue associated with laser may effectively treat microbial infections. Conclusion:Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using these agents in animal and human models and theireffectiveness against different bacterial and fungal strains.

5.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 57: e20220432, 2023.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37656988

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a compassionate community in Rocinha and Vidigal slums, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. METHOD: Report on the experience of implementing a Compassionate Community based on the World Health Organization conceptual bases, supported by university extension guidelines. RESULTS: Initially, local leaders and residents were recruited and trained in palliative care. Subsequently, health professionals from different specialties engaged in the project through volunteering. Home visits were instituted in the form of interconsultation and "sponsorships" by residents and health professionals to people in palliative care and family members. Finally, the health care network in the territory was integrated in order to recognize the project as a support network. CONCLUSION: We highlight the experience as living work in health, which involves relationships and creative processes, which mobilize structured technical knowledge and relationships between people and soft-hard and soft technologies, making it possible to recognize powers in the territory.


Subject(s)
Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing , Palliative Care , Humans , Poverty Areas , Brazil , Academies and Institutes
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 120(8 supl. 2): 15-15, ago. 2023.
Article in Portuguese | CONASS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1516398

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A doença de Chagas está entre as três principais indicações de transplante cardíaco no Brasil. Apesar de sua prevalência expressiva, principalmente nos casos avançados de insuficiência cardíaca, permanecem escassos os dados sobre seu comportamento clínico pós transplante. Durante o período de seguimento, é mandatória a monitorização dos valores séricos do Tripanozoma cruzi, seja por PCR ou biópsias, visando diagnóstico precoce de reativação. A depender do imunossupressor utilizado, a incidência da reativação varia entre 19,6% a 90%, sendo mostrado em um estudo maior associação com uso de micofenolato mofetil (MMF), com apresentação clínica igualmente variável. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 62 anos, submetida a transplante cardíaco em julho de 2022, devido miocardiopatia chagásica. Estava em acompanhamento ambulatorial, em uso de terapia imunossupressora com tracrolimus 1mg/dia, micofenolato de sódio 720mg/dia e prednisona 20mg/dia. Em janeiro de 2023, paciente compareceu em consulta com queixa de pequena lesão cutânea ulcerada em glúteo e dosagem de PCR para citomegalovirus (CMV) negativa. Em fevereiro, persistia com lesão evolutivamente pior, quando iniciou quadro progressivo de hiporexia, dor abdominal e náuseas, associado injúria renal aguda, elevação de troponina e NT-proBNP. Foi então internada devido à hipótese de rejeição aguda do enxerto associada a infecção cutânea. O ecocardiograma não demonstrou piora da função ventricular, porém os PCR séricos para CMV e Chagas foram positivos. Além disso, foi realizada biópsia de lesão glútea demonstrou infiltrado eosinofílico e células ovaladas sugerindo forma livre do Trypanossoma cruzi. Chamava atenção linfopenia persistente, sendo suspenso micofenolato de sódio. A paciente recebeu tratamento com ganciclovir e benzonidazol, apresentando melhora clínica e laboratorial, incluindo da lesão cutânea. DISCUSSÃO E CONCLUSÃO: A reativação do T. Cruzi está associado à imunossupressão excessiva, onde a resposta linfocitária T helper 1 está comprometida. Existe uma maior associação com reativação quando o MMF está na prescrição. Os sintomas costumam ser similares a fase aguda da doença de Chagas, com artralgia, mialgia, febre, hiporexia, além de miocardite e meningoencefalite. O acometimento cutâneo se torna um desafio diagnostico devido seu alto grau de polimorfismo na apresentação. O diagnóstico pode ser feito através de PCR sérico, biópsias cutâneas de lesões ou miocárdicas. O tratamento com benzonidazol 2,5-5mg/kg/dia por 60 dias costuma ser eficaz. O uso profilático é controverso. Quando reconhecida e prontamente tratada, a mortalidade é menor que 1%. Palavras-chave: transplante cardíaco; Chagas; reativação; doença de Chagas.

7.
BMC Med ; 21(1): 207, 2023 Jun 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37280651
8.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 58(2): 333-341, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36336984

ABSTRACT

The first cellular differentiation event in the pre-implantation embryo results in the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). A second event occurs in the latter, resulting in the epiblast and the primitive endoderm (PE). This second differentiation is still not fully characterized in bovine development, although it is likely to involve FGF signalling. Thus, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation or inhibition of the FGF pathway during bovine embryo in vitro culture would only interfere with PE differentiation if maintained until later blastocyst stages. At first, we characterized the expression of PE marker SOX17 at different blastocyst stages. Then, we treated in vitro produced embryos during different windows of time: days 5.0-7.0 (D5-D7), D7-D9, and D5-D9 with 1 µg/ml FGF4 and 1 µg/ml heparin or 1 mM FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547. We observed that the SOX17-positive cell number only increases in late-stage blastocysts compared to early stages. Treatment of embryos with FGF4 did not change the number of SOX17-positive cells, while inhibition of FGFR signalling reduced SOX17-positive cells from D5-D7 and completely ablated SOX17 expression when kept until D9. In conclusion, FGFR inhibition repressed PE differentiation in bovine embryos at all time points, although stimulation with FGF4 did not interfere with PE cell numbers.


Subject(s)
Endoderm , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor , Animals , Cattle , Endoderm/metabolism , Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Germ Layers/metabolism , Blastocyst/metabolism
9.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 57: e20220432, 2023. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1507344

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the implementation of a compassionate community in Rocinha and Vidigal slums, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Method: Report on the experience of implementing a Compassionate Community based on the World Health Organization conceptual bases, supported by university extension guidelines. Results: Initially, local leaders and residents were recruited and trained in palliative care. Subsequently, health professionals from different specialties engaged in the project through volunteering. Home visits were instituted in the form of interconsultation and "sponsorships" by residents and health professionals to people in palliative care and family members. Finally, the health care network in the territory was integrated in order to recognize the project as a support network. Conclusion: We highlight the experience as living work in health, which involves relationships and creative processes, which mobilize structured technical knowledge and relationships between people and soft-hard and soft technologies, making it possible to recognize powers in the territory.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la implementación de una comunidad compasiva en las favelas de Rocinha y Vidigal, ubicadas en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Método: Relato de la experiencia de implementación de una Comunidad Compasiva a partir de las bases conceptuales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, sustentada en lineamientos de extensión universitaria. Resultados: Inicialmente, se reclutaron y capacitaron a líderes locales y residentes en cuidados paliativos. Posteriormente, profesionales de la salud de diferentes especialidades se involucraron en el proyecto a través del voluntariado. Se instituyeron visitas domiciliarias en la modalidad de interconsulta y "patrocinios" por parte de residentes y profesionales de salud a personas en cuidados paliativos y familiares. Finalmente, se integró la Red de Atención a la Salud del territorio para reconocer el proyecto como una red de apoyo. Conclusión: Destacamos la experiencia como trabajo vivo en salud, que involucra relaciones y procesos creativos, que movilizan saberes técnicos estructurados y relaciones entre personas y tecnologías ligeras-duras y ligeras, posibilitando el reconocimiento de poderes en el territorio.


RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a implementação de uma comunidade compassiva nas favelas da Rocinha e Vidigal, localizadas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Método: Relato da experiência da implementação de uma Comunidade Compassiva a partir das bases conceituais da Organização Mundial da Saúde, amparada pelas diretrizes da extensão universitária. Resultados: Inicialmente, lideranças locais e moradores foram recrutados e receberam treinamento sobre cuidados paliativos. Posteriormente, profissionais de saúde de diferentes especialidades engajaram-se no projeto por meio da prática do voluntariado. Foram instituídas visitas domiciliares na modalidade interconsulta e "apadrinhamentos" por moradores e profissionais de saúde às pessoas em cuidados paliativos e familiares. Por fim, a Rede de Atenção à Saúde do território foi integrada de forma a reconhecer o projeto como rede de apoio. Conclusão: Destacamos a experiência como trabalho vivo em saúde, que envolve relações e processos criativos, os quais mobilizam o saber técnico estruturado e as relações entre as pessoas e as tecnologias leve-duras e leves, tornando factível o reconhecimento de potências no território.


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Healthcare Models , House Calls , Health Personnel , Vulnerable Populations
10.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 39: e39022, 2023. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1425132

ABSTRACT

Resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors have increased recently in South Brazil where the major weeds of flooded rice (barnyardgrass and weedy rice) have evolved resistance to imazapyr+imazapic. The aim of this research was to evaluate a growth medium for tissue regeneration of tillers in barnyardgrass, as well as an agar-based bioassays test (also from tillers) to detect susceptible and resistant biotypes of weedy rice and barnyardgrass to imazapyr+imazapic in vitro. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to detect ALS-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) weedy rice and barnyardgrass biotypes, and bioassays were carried out to evaluate an adequate growth medium for barnyardgrass tiller regeneration and determine the concentration of herbicide to distinguish R and S plants. The culture medium that provided a suitable barnyardgrass growth was MS 50% with the addition of benzylamino-purine. The tissue regeneration in vitro with the growth medium containing imazapyr+imazapic allowed to discriminate between R and S barnyardgrass and weedy rice plants. The concentration required for satisfactory control of susceptible barnyardgrass and weedy rice explants grown in vitro was 0.9 µM and 1.3 µM of imazapyr+imazapic herbicide, respectively. The bioassay in vitro using tiller regeneration provides an opportunity to predict effectively imazapyr+imazapic resistance in barnyardgrass and weedy rice.


Subject(s)
Oryza , Echinochloa , Herbicide Resistance
11.
Anim Reprod Sci ; 247: 107093, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36274291

ABSTRACT

The two-step protocol (2 S) is currently used for boar semen cryopreservation. In this method, the cryoprotectant penetrant agents (CPAs) are added at 5 °C to reduce the toxicity of CPAs. An alternative is the one-step protocol (1 S), which is easier, cheaper, and reduces the necessity of equipment, but could increase the toxicity of CPAs. Currently, there are no studies that compared both protocols for boar semen cryopreservation. This experiment aimed to study the effect of cryopreservation protocol (1 S vs 2 S) on boar spermatozoa. In the one-step protocol, after centrifugation, the spermatozoa pellet was resuspended at 17 °C in the extender containing CPAs to achieve a concentration of 1 × 109 spermatozoa/mL and then submitted to cryopreservation. For the two-step protocol, the sperm pellet was resuspended in fraction A at 17 °C to achieve a concentration of 1.5 × 109 spermatozoa/ mL, and then allowed to cool to 5º C before fraction B with CPA was added to the sample to achieve a final concentration of 1 × 109 spermatozoa/mL and followed by freezing. The cryopreservation protocol did not impact total motility at 5 °C (1 S: 78.5 % vs 2 S: 79 %, p > 0.05). After thawing, the two-step protocol improved (p < 0.05) total (1 S: 18.2 % vs 2 S: 29.5 %) and progressive motility (1 S: 9 % vs 2 S: 15%). Further, the 2 S protocol increased (p < 0.05) the percentage of rapid spermatozoa (1 S: 8.7 % vs 2 S: 14.6 %) and spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosomal membrane (IAIP) (1 S: 40.5 % vs 2 S: 61.5 %), and increased (p < 0.05) live sperm cells with high mitochondrial potential (MHIP) (1 S: 42.9 % vs 2 S: 60 %). The boar semen cryopreservation method (TRT) did not (p > 0.05) alter membrane lipid disorder, lipid peroxidation, and superoxide anion. Thus, the best method for boar semen cryopreservation is the two-step protocol.


Subject(s)
Semen Analysis , Semen Preservation , Swine , Male , Animals , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Semen Preservation/veterinary , Semen Preservation/methods , Semen , Cryopreservation/veterinary , Cryopreservation/methods , Spermatozoa , Cryoprotective Agents/pharmacology , Sperm Motility
12.
BMC Med ; 20(1): 324, 2022 09 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36056335

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated with COVID-19, and the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is considered an indicator of disease severity. This study aimed to develop a prognostic score for predicting the need for KRT in hospitalised COVID-19 patients, and to assess the incidence of AKI and KRT requirement. METHODS: This study is part of a multicentre cohort, the Brazilian COVID-19 Registry. A total of 5212 adult COVID-19 patients were included between March/2020 and September/2020. Variable selection was performed using generalised additive models (GAM), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for score derivation. Accuracy was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). RESULTS: The median age of the model-derivation cohort was 59 (IQR 47-70) years, 54.5% were men, 34.3% required ICU admission, 20.9% evolved with AKI, 9.3% required KRT, and 15.1% died during hospitalisation. The temporal validation cohort had similar age, sex, ICU admission, AKI, required KRT distribution and in-hospital mortality. The geographic validation cohort had similar age and sex; however, this cohort had higher rates of ICU admission, AKI, need for KRT and in-hospital mortality. Four predictors of the need for KRT were identified using GAM: need for mechanical ventilation, male sex, higher creatinine at hospital presentation and diabetes. The MMCD score had excellent discrimination in derivation (AUROC 0.929, 95% CI 0.918-0.939) and validation (temporal AUROC 0.927, 95% CI 0.911-0.941; geographic AUROC 0.819, 95% CI 0.792-0.845) cohorts and good overall performance (Brier score: 0.057, 0.056 and 0.122, respectively). The score is implemented in a freely available online risk calculator ( https://www.mmcdscore.com/ ). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the MMCD score to predict the need for KRT may assist healthcare workers in identifying hospitalised COVID-19 patients who may require more intensive monitoring, and can be useful for resource allocation.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , COVID-19 , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/therapy , Adult , Aged , COVID-19/therapy , Dextrans , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mitomycin , ROC Curve , Renal Replacement Therapy/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors
13.
Cien Saude Colet ; 27(6): 2241-2253, 2022 Jun.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35649012

ABSTRACT

The psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs focuses on the suffering individual in relation to the social reality and values ​​the uniqueness of users and professionals for the development of health care. A concept that bases these characteristics, and that comes from different theoretical frameworks, is the construction of autonomy. However, there is no study in the literature that summarizes it in its different meanings. This article aimed to systematize the concepts of autonomy construction under the psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs. The methodology used was the integrative review. We searched, in the Psycinfo, PubMed, BVS and Web of Science databases, studies that analyzed the care process using the construction of autonomy. These concepts, their theoretical references and their foundations were identified and systematized. Among the 22 studies, there are concepts based on six theories, such as collective health and harm reduction. It could be considered that the construction of autonomy is a process that mobilizes different actions, such as co-responsibility and territorial sociopolitical action; which can be systematized in three interrelated dimensions; and which has different epistemological roots, such as the psychiatry of deinstitutionalization.


O paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas traz foco ao sujeito em sofrimento na relação com sua realidade social e valoriza a singularidade de usuários e profissionais para o desenvolvimento da atenção em saúde. O conceito que embasa essas características, proveniente de diversos arcabouços teóricos, é o de construção de autonomia. Porém, não há na literatura estudo que o sintetize em suas diferentes acepções. Este artigo objetivou sistematizar os conceitos de construção de autonomia sob o paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão integrativa. Pesquisou-se, nas bases Psycinfo, PubMed, BVS e Web of Science, estudos que analisaram o processo de cuidado utilizando a construção de autonomia. Foram identificados esses conceitos e suas referências teóricas, e sistematizados seus fundamentos. Entre os 22 estudos, há conceitos embasados em seis teorias, como a saúde coletiva e a redução de danos. Pôde-se considerar que: a construção de autonomia é um processo que mobiliza diferentes ações, como a corresponsabilização e a atuação sociopolítica territorial; pode ser sistematizada em três dimensões interrelacionadas; e detém diferentes raízes epistemológicas, como a psiquiatria da desinstitucionalização.


Subject(s)
Psychiatry , Humans , Knowledge
14.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 56: e20210429, 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35653616

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: to understand the perception of the multiprofessional team about the quality of health care provided to patients in palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit. METHOD: qualitative study, anchored to Donabedian's theoretical framework, through semi-structured interviews with 35 professionals working in the Intensive Care Unit. For data analysis, the Content Analysis technique was used. RESULTS: three categories were pre-established: structure, process, and outcome, from which five subcategories emerged: Deficit in terms of numbers of workers and professional qualification; Ambience and palliative care; (In)existence of assistance based on the principles of palliative care; Failures in communication and in the interdisciplinary approach and Repercussions of (lack of) assistance. CONCLUSION: the study allowed understanding the institutional weaknesses for the operationalization of care provided to patients eligible for palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit setting. Thus, for this philosophy of care to be propagated, the co-participation of managers, professionals, patients, and family members is required, since these gaps cannot be filled without collective involvement.


Subject(s)
Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing , Palliative Care , Communication , Humans , Intensive Care Units , Palliative Care/methods , Qualitative Research
15.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 27(6): 2241-2253, jun. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375013

ABSTRACT

Resumo O paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas traz foco ao sujeito em sofrimento na relação com sua realidade social e valoriza a singularidade de usuários e profissionais para o desenvolvimento da atenção em saúde. O conceito que embasa essas características, proveniente de diversos arcabouços teóricos, é o de construção de autonomia. Porém, não há na literatura estudo que o sintetize em suas diferentes acepções. Este artigo objetivou sistematizar os conceitos de construção de autonomia sob o paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão integrativa. Pesquisou-se, nas bases Psycinfo, PubMed, BVS e Web of Science, estudos que analisaram o processo de cuidado utilizando a construção de autonomia. Foram identificados esses conceitos e suas referências teóricas, e sistematizados seus fundamentos. Entre os 22 estudos, há conceitos embasados em seis teorias, como a saúde coletiva e a redução de danos. Pôde-se considerar que: a construção de autonomia é um processo que mobiliza diferentes ações, como a corresponsabilização e a atuação sociopolítica territorial; pode ser sistematizada em três dimensões interrelacionadas; e detém diferentes raízes epistemológicas, como a psiquiatria da desinstitucionalização.


Abstract The psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs focuses on the suffering individual in relation to the social reality and values ​​the uniqueness of users and professionals for the development of health care. A concept that bases these characteristics, and that comes from different theoretical frameworks, is the construction of autonomy. However, there is no study in the literature that summarizes it in its different meanings. This article aimed to systematize the concepts of autonomy construction under the psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs. The methodology used was the integrative review. We searched, in the Psycinfo, PubMed, BVS and Web of Science databases, studies that analyzed the care process using the construction of autonomy. These concepts, their theoretical references and their foundations were identified and systematized. Among the 22 studies, there are concepts based on six theories, such as collective health and harm reduction. It could be considered that the construction of autonomy is a process that mobilizes different actions, such as co-responsibility and territorial sociopolitical action; which can be systematized in three interrelated dimensions; and which has different epistemological roots, such as the psychiatry of deinstitutionalization.

16.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; 56: e20210429, 2022. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1376263

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perception of the multiprofessional team about the quality of health care provided to patients in palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit. Method: qualitative study, anchored to Donabedian's theoretical framework, through semi-structured interviews with 35 professionals working in the Intensive Care Unit. For data analysis, the Content Analysis technique was used. Results: three categories were pre-established: structure, process, and outcome, from which five subcategories emerged: Deficit in terms of numbers of workers and professional qualification; Ambience and palliative care; (In)existence of assistance based on the principles of palliative care; Failures in communication and in the interdisciplinary approach and Repercussions of (lack of) assistance. Conclusion: the study allowed understanding the institutional weaknesses for the operationalization of care provided to patients eligible for palliative care in the Intensive Care Unit setting. Thus, for this philosophy of care to be propagated, the co-participation of managers, professionals, patients, and family members is required, since these gaps cannot be filled without collective involvement.


RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción del equipo multiprofesional sobre la calidad de la asistencia a la salud destinada a pacientes en cuidados paliativos en UCI. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en el referencial teórico de Donabedian, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas con 35 profesionales que actúan en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Para análisis de los datos, se utilizó la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: Fueron inicialmente establecidas tres clases: estructura, proceso y resultado, de las cuales emergieron cinco subclases: Déficit en el cuantitativo y en la calificación profesional; Ambiencia y cuidados paliativos; Inexistencia de una asistencia pautada en los principios de los cuidados paliativos; Fallos en la comunicación y en el abordaje interdisciplinar y repercusiones de la desasistencia. Conclusión: El estudio nos llevó a comprender las debilidades institucionales para poner en funcionamiento la asistencia dispensada a los pacientes elegibles para cuidados paliativos en el escenario de la UCI. Así, para que esa filosofía de cuidado sea propagada, se necesita la coparticipación de los gestores, profesionales, pacientes y familiares, una vez que esas debilidades no lograrán ser resueltas sin que haya una participación colectiva.


RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção da equipe multiprofissional sobre a qualidade da assistência à saúde prestada a pacientes em cuidados paliativos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo qualitativo, ancorado no referencial teórico de Donabedian, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com 35 profissionais que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: foram pré-estabelecidas três categorias: estrutura, processo e resultado, das quais emergiram cinco subcategorias: Déficit no quantitativo e na qualificação profissional; Ambiência e cuidados paliativos; (In)existência de uma assistência pautada nos princípios dos cuidados paliativos; Falhas na comunicação e na abordagem interdisciplinar; e Repercussões da (des)assistência. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu compreender as fragilidades institucionais para a operacionalização da assistência dispensada aos pacientes elegíveis para cuidados paliativos no cenário da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Dessa forma, para que essa filosofia de cuidado seja propagada, necessita-se da coparticipação dos gestores, profissionais, pacientes e familiares, uma vez que essas lacunas não conseguem ser supridas sem que haja um envolvimento coletivo.


Subject(s)
Palliative Care , Intensive Care Units , Patient Care Team , Quality Indicators, Health Care , Health Manager , Patient Safety
17.
J Econ Entomol ; 114(6): 2412-2420, 2021 12 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34608487

ABSTRACT

The larval-pupal endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) is considered one of the main biological control agents of fruit flies Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) and Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (1830) in Central and South America. The application of pesticides for disease and insect-pest management in fruit species may have adverse effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects via residual contact of commercial pesticide formulations on D. longicaudata. The active ingredients thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, phosmet, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, dimethoate, and methidationa showed high toxicity to adults (100% mortality) after 96 h and were classified as harmful (Class 4). In contrast, the formulations of azadirachtin (Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC, Azamax 12 EC, and Fitoneem 850 EC), chlorantraniliprole, bordeaux mixture, sulfur, lufenuron, lime sulphur, novalurom, and mancozeb were rated as innocuous (<10% mortality). In addition, the formulations azadirachtin did not reduce the parasitism and the emergence rate of the F0 generation, the same pesticides added to chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin A+B (Agroneem 850 EC), and lufenuron did not cause reduction in parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. longicaudata. The use of pyrethroids, organophosphates, spinosyns, oxadiazines, and neonicotinoids should be used with caution in IPM programs. While pesticides chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin formulations, bordeaux mixture, lufenuron, lime sulphur, and mancozeb do not cause lethal and sublethal effects for D. longicaudata adults. The results of this study provide important information for use in integrated pest management programs for fruit fly management.


Subject(s)
Ceratitis capitata , Hymenoptera , Pesticides , Tephritidae , Wasps , Animals , Pupa
18.
Cad Saude Publica ; 37(8): e00358820, 2021.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34550183

ABSTRACT

The theoretical and practical frameworks that comprise the psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs, featuring harm reduction and health promotion, focused attention on the suffering individual in relation to the social reality. Such frameworks value the uniqueness of users and healthcare workers for understanding the health-disease process and building effective health policies. The concept that underlies and unites these characteristics is autonomy. However, there are diverse definitions and practices pertaining to autonomy, with intrinsic plurality in the development of mental health and drug policy in Brazil. The article aims to describe the strategies for building autonomy for persons with abusive drug use. The method was an integrative review, searching the PsycInfo, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science databases for studies that analyzed the process of care for drug users. The review systematized actions that build autonomy and the barriers to care. Twenty-two studies were selected, of which 18 were studies in CAPS AD (Centers for Psychosocial Care for Alcohol and Drug Abuse) and 4 in primary care services. The review highlighted actions aimed at reclaiming individual social value, unique individual treatment plans, and harm reduction workshops. Barriers include the requirement of abstinence, lack of inter-sector collaboration, lack of social rehabilitation through work, and lack of participation in community and political spaces. The evidence points to a set of contradictory and diffuse practices, with some that build autonomy and others that impose control over users. Even so, the actions by CAPS AD and primary care are essential for reclaiming autonomy in the face of stigmatization and marginalization.


Os arcabouços teórico-práticos que compõem o paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas, tais como a redução de danos e a promoção da saúde, trouxeram foco ao sujeito em sofrimento na relação com a realidade social. Eles valorizam a singularidade de usuários e profissionais para compreensão do processo saúde-doença e a construção das políticas de saúde. Conceito que embasa e agrega essas características é o de construção de autonomia. Entretanto existem acepções e ações distintas relativas à autonomia, pluralidade intrínseca ao desenvolvimento da política de saúde mental e drogas no país. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as estratégias para construção de autonomia para pessoas que fazem uso abusivo de drogas. O método utilizado foi a revisão integrativa, buscando-se, nas bases PsycInfo, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Web of Science, estudos que analisaram o processo de cuidado a usuários de drogas. Foram sistematizadas ações que constroem autonomia e as barreiras para o cuidado. Foram selecionados 22 estudos, sendo 18 pesquisas em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) e quatro em serviços de atenção primária. Sobressaíram ações realizadas na dimensão do resgate de valor social, como planos terapêuticos singulares e oficinas de redução de danos. Representam barreiras a exigência da abstinência, a falta de ações intersetoriais, falta de reinserção social por vínculos de trabalho e não participação em instâncias comunitárias e políticas. Evidencia-se um conjunto de práticas contraditórias e difusas, havendo as que constroem autonomia e as que impõem o controle sobre o usuário. Ainda assim, as ações dos CAPS AD e atenção primária demonstram ser fundamentais para o resgate de autonomia frente à estigmatização e marginalização.


Los andamiajes teórico-prácticos que componen el paradigma psicosocial en el campo de las drogas, tales como la reducción de daños y la promoción de la salud, se centraron en el sujeto que padece el problema en relación con la realidad social. Ellos valoran la singularidad de consumidores y profesionales de la salud para la comprensión del proceso salud-enfermedad, así como la construcción de políticas de salud. El concepto que fundamenta y agrega esas características es el de construcción de autonomía. No obstante, existen acepciones y acciones distintas, relacionadas con la autonomía, pluralidad intrínseca al desarrollo de la política de salud mental y drogas en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las estrategias para la construcción de autonomía para personas que consumen abusivamente drogas. El método utilizado fue la revisión integradora, donde se buscaron estudios, en las bases PsycInfo, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y Web of Science, que analizaron el proceso de cuidado a consumidores de drogas. Se sistematizaron acciones que construyen autonomía, así como barreras para el cuidado. Se seleccionaron 22 estudios, siendo 18 investigaciones en Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y otras Drogas (CAPS AD) y 4 en servicios de atención primaria. Sobresalieron las acciones realizadas en la dimensión de rescate de valor social como planes terapéuticos singulares y talleres de reducción de daños. Representan barreras la exigencia de abstinencia, la falta de acciones intersectoriales, falta de reinserción social por vínculos de trabajo y la no participación en instancias comunitarias y políticas. Se evidencia un conjunto de prácticas contradictorias y difusas, existiendo las que construyen autonomía y las que imponen el control sobre el usuario. No obstante, las acciones de los CAPS AD y atención primaria demuestran ser fundamentales para el rescate de la autonomía frente a la estigmatización y marginalización.


Subject(s)
Drug Users , Mental Health Services , Brazil , Delivery of Health Care , Humans , Mental Health
19.
Cien Saude Colet ; 26(3): 951-960, 2021 Mar.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33729350

ABSTRACT

This article eevaluates delivery and birth care practices in maternity facilities in Brazil's North and Northeast regions. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of 91 facilities in the North and 181 facilities in the Northeast. The data was collected using systematic observation by a team of 44 previously trained evaluators and recorded in a field diary. A thematic analysis of the collected data was performed, resulting in three core themes: challenges of collegial management; challenges for coping with obstetric violence; and the potential of the evaluation process for driving change. Advances were made in the implementation of good labor and childbirth care practices; however, some maternity facilities still reproduce hierarchical models without spaces for collegial management and accounts of obstetric violence were common. Health professionals used the presence of risk to justify the low level of adoption of good practices. However, the findings reveal progress towards the humanization of care. The results also show the potential of the evaluation process for driving change. Although progress has been made towards the adoption of the good practices recommended by the Stork Network Program both in the area of management and care delivery, many challenges remain in view of the dominance of a hierarchical management model associated with an interventionist approach to health care.


O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar práticas de atenção ao parto e nascimento em maternidades do Norte e Nordeste brasileiros. Avaliação qualitativa realizada em 91 maternidades no Norte e 181 no Nordeste do Brasil. A técnica de pesquisa foi a observação sistematizada, realizada por 44 avaliadores previamente treinados e registrada em diário de campo. Foi realizada análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Os núcleos temáticos encontrados foram: Desafios da Gestão Colegiada; Desafios para o enfrentamento da Violência Obstétrica; e Potencial do processo avaliativo na indução de mudanças. Foram identificados avanços na implantação de boas práticas na gestão do cuidado e atenção à saúde, embora algumas maternidades ainda reproduzam um modelo hierárquico, sem espaços colegiados de gestão e com práticas de violência obstétrica. Situações de risco em gestantes justificaram menor adesão dos profissionais de saúde às boas práticas, ainda que ações em direção à humanização também tenham sido visibilizadas. Identificou-se a potência do processo avaliativo na indução de mudanças. Foram evidenciadas mudanças em direção às boas práticas preconizadas pela Rede Cegonha, tanto na gestão quanto na atenção, mas são muitos os desafios frente ao predomínio de um modelo de gestão hierárquico associado a um modelo de atenção com práticas intervencionistas.


Subject(s)
Labor, Obstetric , Maternal Health Services , Brazil , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Humans , Parturition , Perception , Pregnancy
20.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 37(8): e00358820, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339547

ABSTRACT

Os arcabouços teórico-práticos que compõem o paradigma psicossocial no campo das drogas, tais como a redução de danos e a promoção da saúde, trouxeram foco ao sujeito em sofrimento na relação com a realidade social. Eles valorizam a singularidade de usuários e profissionais para compreensão do processo saúde-doença e a construção das políticas de saúde. Conceito que embasa e agrega essas características é o de construção de autonomia. Entretanto existem acepções e ações distintas relativas à autonomia, pluralidade intrínseca ao desenvolvimento da política de saúde mental e drogas no país. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever as estratégias para construção de autonomia para pessoas que fazem uso abusivo de drogas. O método utilizado foi a revisão integrativa, buscando-se, nas bases PsycInfo, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e Web of Science, estudos que analisaram o processo de cuidado a usuários de drogas. Foram sistematizadas ações que constroem autonomia e as barreiras para o cuidado. Foram selecionados 22 estudos, sendo 18 pesquisas em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas (CAPS AD) e quatro em serviços de atenção primária. Sobressaíram ações realizadas na dimensão do resgate de valor social, como planos terapêuticos singulares e oficinas de redução de danos. Representam barreiras a exigência da abstinência, a falta de ações intersetoriais, falta de reinserção social por vínculos de trabalho e não participação em instâncias comunitárias e políticas. Evidencia-se um conjunto de práticas contraditórias e difusas, havendo as que constroem autonomia e as que impõem o controle sobre o usuário. Ainda assim, as ações dos CAPS AD e atenção primária demonstram ser fundamentais para o resgate de autonomia frente à estigmatização e marginalização.


Los andamiajes teórico-prácticos que componen el paradigma psicosocial en el campo de las drogas, tales como la reducción de daños y la promoción de la salud, se centraron en el sujeto que padece el problema en relación con la realidad social. Ellos valoran la singularidad de consumidores y profesionales de la salud para la comprensión del proceso salud-enfermedad, así como la construcción de políticas de salud. El concepto que fundamenta y agrega esas características es el de construcción de autonomía. No obstante, existen acepciones y acciones distintas, relacionadas con la autonomía, pluralidad intrínseca al desarrollo de la política de salud mental y drogas en el país. El objetivo de este artículo es describir las estrategias para la construcción de autonomía para personas que consumen abusivamente drogas. El método utilizado fue la revisión integradora, donde se buscaron estudios, en las bases PsycInfo, PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y Web of Science, que analizaron el proceso de cuidado a consumidores de drogas. Se sistematizaron acciones que construyen autonomía, así como barreras para el cuidado. Se seleccionaron 22 estudios, siendo 18 investigaciones en Centro de Atención Psicosocial de Alcohol y otras Drogas (CAPS AD) y 4 en servicios de atención primaria. Sobresalieron las acciones realizadas en la dimensión de rescate de valor social como planes terapéuticos singulares y talleres de reducción de daños. Representan barreras la exigencia de abstinencia, la falta de acciones intersectoriales, falta de reinserción social por vínculos de trabajo y la no participación en instancias comunitarias y políticas. Se evidencia un conjunto de prácticas contradictorias y difusas, existiendo las que construyen autonomía y las que imponen el control sobre el usuario. No obstante, las acciones de los CAPS AD y atención primaria demuestran ser fundamentales para el rescate de la autonomía frente a la estigmatización y marginalización.


The theoretical and practical frameworks that comprise the psychosocial paradigm in the field of drugs, featuring harm reduction and health promotion, focused attention on the suffering individual in relation to the social reality. Such frameworks value the uniqueness of users and healthcare workers for understanding the health-disease process and building effective health policies. The concept that underlies and unites these characteristics is autonomy. However, there are diverse definitions and practices pertaining to autonomy, with intrinsic plurality in the development of mental health and drug policy in Brazil. The article aims to describe the strategies for building autonomy for persons with abusive drug use. The method was an integrative review, searching the PsycInfo, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Web of Science databases for studies that analyzed the process of care for drug users. The review systematized actions that build autonomy and the barriers to care. Twenty-two studies were selected, of which 18 were studies in CAPS AD (Centers for Psychosocial Care for Alcohol and Drug Abuse) and 4 in primary care services. The review highlighted actions aimed at reclaiming individual social value, unique individual treatment plans, and harm reduction workshops. Barriers include the requirement of abstinence, lack of inter-sector collaboration, lack of social rehabilitation through work, and lack of participation in community and political spaces. The evidence points to a set of contradictory and diffuse practices, with some that build autonomy and others that impose control over users. Even so, the actions by CAPS AD and primary care are essential for reclaiming autonomy in the face of stigmatization and marginalization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Users , Mental Health Services , Brazil , Mental Health , Delivery of Health Care
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