Biochemical responses, morphometric changes, genotoxic effects and CYP1A expression in the armored catfish Pterygoplichthys anisitsi after 15 days of exposure to mineral diesel and biodiesel.

Despite being considered friendlier to the environment, biodiesel fuel can be harmful to aquatic organisms, especially when combined with petroleum diesel fuel. In this work we evaluated the effects of mineral diesel fuel containing increasing concentrations of biodiesel (5% and 20%, namely B5 and B20) and pure biodiesel (B100), at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01mLL(-1), after 15 days of exposure, in armored catfish (Pterygoplichtys anisitsi). Toxicity tests were also performed to estimate LC50 values (96h) for each compound. Biotransformation enzymes [ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] as well as oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase, CAT, glutathione peroxidase, GPx, and the level of lipid peroxidation) were measured in liver and gills after treatment. Genotoxic effects were also accessed in erythrocytes using the comet assay and by evaluating the frequency of micronuclei formation. Further, the mRNA of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) was also measured in liver. Mortality was not observed even exposure to concentrations as high as 6.0mLL(-1). EROD and GST activities were increased after B5 and B20 treatments; however, CYP1A mRNA induction was not observed. SOD and CAT activities were decreased, but GPx was significantly higher for all treatments in gills. There were no significant changes in lipid peroxidation, but genotoxicity markers revealed that all treatments increased comet scores. Fuels B5 and B20 increased micronuclei frequency. Our results indicate that despite being less toxic, biodiesel may cause sublethal alterations in fish that may alter long term health.

Evaluation of oral health in patients with mental disorders attended at the clinic of oral diagnosis of a public university / Avaliação da saúde bucal em portadores de transtornos mentais atendidos na clínica de diagnóstico bucal de uma universidade pública

Introdução: Muitas pessoas acometidas por transtornos mentais não conseguem realizar o auto cuidado adequadamente, principalmente em relação à higiene pessoal e em particular à higiene oral. Para esses indivíduos, a prevenção e o acompanhamento clínico contínuo são fundamentais. Objetivo: Investigar as afecções bucais que mais afetam os pacientes portadores de transtornos mentais, atendidos na faculdade de odontologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI). Metodologia: Pacientes atendidos durante o 2º semestre de 2011 e 1º semestre de 2012 foram examinados. O índice CPOD foi utilizado para avaliação da cárie dentária e o índice CPI para avaliação periodontal. As análises estatísticas foram feitas no Programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), versão 18.0, utilizando-se da estatística descritiva na determinação de médias, desvio-padrão e frequências. Resultado: 67,50% dos 40 pacientes tiveram contato com o cirurgião-dentista há mais de um ano, 95% realizavam a própria higiene oral e 70% não usavam fio dental. A média do CPOD foi de 14,18. 49,13% dos pacientes necessitavam de restaurações de uma superfície e 60% necessitavam de prótese dentária. Além disso, 33,75% dos sextantes avaliados apresentavam bolsa periodontal. Conclusão: Pode-se perceber que os portadores de doença mental apresentam um elevado risco de desenvolver desordens orais, entretanto, poucos portadores visitam um profissional da odontologia com regularidade. Além disso, a procura tardia por tratamento e a falta de preparo dos profissionais, levam a soluções muitas vezes mutiladoras.

Introduction: Many people suffering from mental disorders fail to adequately perform self-care, especially in relation to personal hygiene and in particular to oral hygiene. For these individuals, the prevention and ongoing clinical monitoring are essential. Objective: To investigate the oral diseases that most affect patients with mental disorders attended in the Dental College of the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI). Methodology: Patients treated during the 2nd half of 2011 and 1st half of 2012 were examined. The DMFT index was used for evaluation of dental caries and the CPI index for periodontal evaluation. The statistical analyzes were performed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences), version 18.0, using a descriptive statistics to determine averages, standard deviations and frequencies. Result: 67.50% of the 40 patients had contact with the surgeon dentist for over one year, 95% performed their own oral hygiene and 70% did not use dental floss. The average of DMFT was 14.18. Of the patients, 49.13% needed of restorations of one surface and 60% needed dental prosthesis. Moreover, 33.75% of sextants evaluated had periodontal pockets. Conclusion: It can be noticed that patients with mental illness have a high risk of developing oral disorders, however, few carriers visite a dental professional regularly. In addition, the delay to seek treatment and lack of staff training, lead to solutions often crippling.

Acute coronary syndrome in a diabetic population--risk factors and clinical and angiographic characteristics.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes is not only a risk factor for coronary artery disease but also influences its presentation and evolution. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work is to define the risk factors, clinical and angiographic characteristics, and evolution of acute coronary syndrome in a population of diabetic patients. METHODOLOGY: We studied 521 patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome, consecutively hospitalized in the Cardiology Intensive Care Unit who underwent cardiac catheterization during their hospitalization, in terms of risk factors for coronary disease, pathology (unstable angina versus acute myocardial infarction), coronary morphology, left ventricular function, need for intervention during hospitalization, evolution and complications during one-year follow-up. The characteristics of the diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome were compared to those of non-diabetic patients. RESULTS: Of the 521 patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome (391 male), 159 (30.5%) were diabetic. The diabetic patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome generally presented fewer risk factors for coronary artery disease, with a lower prevalence of smoking (p < 0.001), greater prevalence of family history of coronary artery disease (p < 0.01), more unstable angina and less acute myocardial infarction (both p < 0.001), than the nondiabetic patients. After the acute coronary syndrome the diabetic patients more frequently presented disease of the left anterior descending artery, left ventricular function was worse and there was a greater need for coronary artery bypass graft surgery and less percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty than in the non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05 for all). In terms of evolution, they presented greater complications and more mortality over a year (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Diabetes constitutes a powerful risk factor for coronary artery disease and its complications, and should therefore be taken into consideration in clinical approaches to this pathology.

Apresentação do programa preventivo para gestantes e bebês / Oral health preventive program for pregnant women and infants

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar à comunidade odontológica um programa de extensão universitária, com proposta de atendimento simplificado educativo/preventivo, desenvolvido por alunos de graduação e orientado por professores do Curso de Odontologia da UFPI. O programa é desenvolvido no Instituto de Perinatologia Social do Piauí e tem como público-alvo gestantes e bebês