ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cryolipolysis with plates is a method of applying cooling without a vacuum system, which can be used in regions with less chance of forming a "crease." OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of cryolipolysis using a plate-shaped applicator (Crioplac) in the treatment of fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an experimental study in which women aged 25 to 45 years with adiposity located in the abdomen participated. Two applications of 75 min were made, using 04 plates in the abdomen regions, with -4 degree C being programmed as a temperature parameter. Anthropometric and ultrasound assessments were performed, and a satisfaction questionnaire on the validated treatment was conducted. The reassessments were performed 30 and 60 days after the first intervention. RESULTS: A reduction in adiposity was observed in the measurements of perimetry, plicometry and abdominal ultrasound (p<0.05). It was found that about 62.5% of the volunteers reported an improvement in water retention, about 62.5% reported the presence of loose clothing, and 31.3% reported satisfaction with the results obtained. It was observed that 18.5% of the volunteers reported that the treatment was excellent. CONCLUSION: The Crioplace method proved to be effective in reducing adiposity, with a high clinical satisfaction with the reduction in body measurements.
Subject(s)
Adiposity , Lipectomy , Adult , Cryopreservation , Cryotherapy/methods , Female , Humans , Lipectomy/methods , Middle Aged , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recurrent venous thromboembolism (RVTE) is a multifactorial disease with occurrence rates which vary from 13 % to 25 % in 5 years after the initial event. Once a patient the first thrombotic event, the probability of recurrence should be determined, as well as the most adequate anticoagulant therapy. To our knowledge based on the published literature, three statistical models have been proposed to calculate RVTE probability. However, these models present several limitations, such as: limited input variables, lack of external validation and applicability only for patients with a first unprovoked thrombosis. Additionally, some of the models have been recognized to fail in determining RVTE when patients have a low risk of recurrence. OBJECTIVE: An alternative procedure in which three Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were developed to classify which patients will present RVTE based solely on clinical data. METHODS: Data of 39 clinical factors from 235 patients were used to train several ANN structures. The difference among the three models was its inputs. In ANN 1, the inputs were all 39 factors. In ANN 2, 18 factors determined previously as the main predictors of RTVE using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, in ANN 3, 15 factors combining PCA results with practical aspects. Different number of hidden layers and neurons, and three optimization algorithms were considered. 5-fold cross validation was also performed. RESULTS: The results showed that all models were capable of performing this task. Different optimization algorithms lead to different results. The best models presented high accuracy. The best structures were 39-10-10-1, 18-10-5-1, and 15-15-10-1 for ANN 1, ANN 2, and ANN 3 models, respectively. The cross-validation showed that the results are consistent. CONCLUSIONS: This work showed that the association of multivariate techniques and ANNs is a powerful tool that can be used to model a complex phenomenon such as RVTE without the restrictions of existing approaches. APPLICATION: After proper validation, these ANN models can be used to help clinicians with decisions regarding VTE treatment.
Subject(s)
Venous Thromboembolism , Algorithms , Anticoagulants , Humans , Neural Networks, Computer , Recurrence , Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o valor nutricional e energético da torta de mamona destoxificada por diferentes métodos para suínos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos, castrados, distribuídos em seis tratamentos, sendo uma ração referência e cinco rações testes (75% da dieta referência e 25% das tortas de mamona) contendo a torta de mamona destoxificada pelos métodos do hidróxido de cálcio, da autoclavagem, do hidróxido de cálcio+ensilagem, da autoclavagem+ensilagem e da extrusão. As tortas de mamona submetidas aos processos de destoxificação com hidróxido de cálcio e autoclavagem resultaram em maior teor de proteína digestível. Para o valor de energia metabolizável, os processos de destoxificação com hidróxido de cálcio, autoclavagem, hidróxido de cálcio+ensilagem e extrusão não diferiram entre si. Considerando-se a valoração nutricional e energética da torta de mamona por meio dos processos de destoxificação, os métodos com uso de hidróxido de cálcio e autoclavagem são os mais eficientes.(AU)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and energy value of castor bean cake detoxified by different methods for growing pigs. A total of 24 barrows was distributed in six treatments, being in a reference diet and 5 test diets (75% of the reference diet and 25% of castor beam cake) containing castor bean cake detoxified by the method of calcium hydroxide, autoclaving, calcium hydroxide + silage, autoclaving + silage and extrusion. Castor bean cake subjected to detoxification processes with calcium hydroxide and autoclaving resulted in higher content of digestible protein. For the metabolizable energy value, the process of detoxification with calcium hydroxide, autoclaving, calcium hydroxide+silage, and extrusion did not differ. Considering the nutritional and energy valuation of castor bean cake detoxified by different procedures, the methods using calcium hydroxide and autoclaving were the most efficient.
Subject(s)
Animals , Ricinus/toxicity , Swine/growth & development , Swine/metabolism , Nutritive ValueABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição parcial do milho por sorgo granífero na dieta de matrizes suínas híbridas durante as fases de lactação e pós-desmame. Foram utilizadas 25 fêmeas, distribuídas em três tratamentos, com porcentagens crescentes de sorgo granífero - 0 por cento, 25 por cento e 50 por cento - em substituição ao milho. Os animais foram avaliados durante as fases de lactação e pós-desmame, tendo sido mensurados o peso vivo (PV) e a espessura de toucinho (ET) ao parto, ao oitavo, 16º e 25º dias de lactação - desmame. Nesses momentos, foram realizadas colheitas de amostras de leite para análise bioquímica. As leitegadas foram pesadas no mesmo intervalo de tempo. No estro pós-desmame (RE), determinou-se o intervalo estro-cobertura (dias), PV e ET. Quanto às fêmeas, não ocorreram efeitos sobre o PV e a ET. Quanto ao número e ao peso dos leitões, as fêmeas do grupo controle apresentaram maior número de leitões nascidos vivos. O GPD dos leitões foi maior nas leitegadas dos tratamentos com 50 por cento de sorgo. Não houve diferença para as análises do leite. No RE, não ocorreram efeitos. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o sorgo granífero pode substituir o milho em até 50 por cento na dieta de fêmeas suínas durante lactação, sem comprometer os parâmetros produtivos e reprodutivos...
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of corn with sorghum on the diets of hybrid female pigs during lactation and post-weaning. Twenty-five females were distributed in three treatments with increasing levels of grain sorghum - 0 percent, 25 percent and 50 percent - as partial substitute of the corn. The females were evaluated during the lactation and post-weaning phases, measuring live weight (LW) and age at puberty and LW and backfat thickness (BT). The females were weighed on the 8th, 16th and 25th days of lactation (weaning), simultaneously with the measurement of BT and milk samples for biochemical analysis. Also, the litters were weighed at the same interval. The estrus detection after weaning was determined by the range-topping estrus (days), LW and BT. As for females, there was no effect on LW and BT. As to the piglets number and weight, the females in the control group had a high number of piglets born alive. The daily gain of piglets was higher in litters with treatment with 50 percent sorghum. There was no difference in the milk analysis. In the post-weaning there were no effects. Thus, it was concluded that grain sorghum can replace corn by 50 percent on the diet of female pigs during lactation without compromising the productivity and reproductive parameters...
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Animal Feed , Lactation/metabolism , Sorghum , Swine/physiology , Weaning , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Milk/chemistry , Zea maysABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição parcial do milho por sorgo granífero na dieta de matrizes suínas híbridas durante a puberdade e a gestação. Foram utilizadas 25 leitoas, distribuídas em três tratamentos com porcentagens crescentes de sorgo granífero - 0%, 25% e 50% - em substituição ao milho. As fêmeas foram avaliadas durante as fases de pré-puberdade, puberdade e gestação, tendo sido mensurados o peso vivo (PV) e a idade à puberdade nas jovens e o PV e a espessura de toucinho (ET) nas fêmeas gestantes - à cobrição e aos 30, 60, 90 e 110 dias de prenhez. Na fase de pré-puberdade, o ganho de peso diário diminuiu com o aumento da utilização do sorgo, e durante a puberdade não houve efeito dos tratamentos. Houve efeito linear da substituição sobre o PV aos 90 dias de gestação. Nos demais períodos, não foram encontrados efeitos significativos. Conclui-se que o sorgo granífero pode substituir o milho em até 50% na dieta de fêmeas suínas durante a puberdade e a gestação, sem comprometer as variáveis produtivas e reprodutivas.
The effect of partial substitution of corn by sorghum on the diets of hybrid female pigs during puberty and pregnancy was evaluated. Twenty-five females were distributed in three treatments with increasing percentage of grain sorghum - 0%, 25% and 50% - as a partial substitute for corn. The females were evaluated during the growth, puberty and pregnancy phases, measuring live weight (LW) and age at puberty in young females and LW and backfat thickness (BT) during gestation - at mating, 30, 60, 90 and 110 days of pregnancy. During the growth period, daily gain decreased with increased use of sorghum and there was no effect of treatments on puberty. For pregnancy, there was a linear effect on LW at day 90. Thus, it was concluded that grain sorghum can replace corn up to 50% on the diet of female pigs during puberty, pregnancy and lactation without compromising the productivity and reproductive variables.
Subject(s)
Animals , Pregnancy/metabolism , Puberty/metabolism , Animal Feed/analysis , Zea mays , SwineABSTRACT
AIMS: To evaluate mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) and threonine effects on performance, small intestine morphology and Salmonella spp. counts in Salmonella Enteritidis-challenged birds. METHODS AND RESULTS: One-day-old chicks (1d) were distributed into five treatments: nonchallenged animals fed basal diet (RB-0), animals fed basal diet and infected with Salmonella Enteritidis (RB-I), animals fed high level of threonine and infected (HT-I), birds fed basal diet with MOS and infected (MOS-I), birds fed high level of threonine and MOS and infected (HT+MOS-I). Birds were inoculated at 2d with Salmonella Enteritidis, except RB-0 birds. Chicks fed higher dietary threonine and MOS showed performance similar to RB-0 and intestinal morphology recovery at 8 dpi. Salmonella counts and the number of Salmonella-positive animals were lower in HT+MOS-I compared with other challenged groups. CONCLUSION: Mannan oligosaccharides and threonine act synergistically, resulting in improved intestinal environment and recovery after Salmonella inoculation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Nutritional approaches may be useful to prevent Salmonella infection in the first week and putative carcass contamination at slaughter. This is the first report on the possible synergistic effect of mannan oligosaccharides and threonine, and further studies should be performed including performance, microbiota evaluation, composition of intestinal mucins and immune assessment.
