ABSTRACT
The effect of local delivery of strontium ranelate (SR) on bone regeneration of critical size bone defects filled with collagen sponge was evaluated. Bone defects of 5 mm diameter created in rat calvaria were filled with collagen sponge (C); collagen sponge with 5 mM Sr2+ SR (C5SR) or collagen sponge with 50 mM Sr2+ SR (C50SR). After 2, 4, and 6 weeks, bone volume (BV), bone surface (BS), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were evaluated by computed microtomography. At 6 weeks, histological analysis was performed. Intragroup comparisons were made by the Friedman test, while comparisons between groups were made by Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 5%). All groups showed increased BV, BS, Tb.Th, and Tb.N over time, but only C50SR promoted the reduction of Tb.Sp (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were detected at weeks 2 and 4. However, C50SR showed the highest values of BV, BS, and Tb.Th at 6 weeks (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed connective tissue in C and C5SR and immature bone tissue in C50SR. Local delivery of SR 50 mM Sr2+ associated with collagen sponge increased and accelerated bone regeneration in critical bone defects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 333-341, 2018.
Subject(s)
Bone Regeneration/drug effects , Collagen/chemistry , Drug Delivery Systems , Skull/pathology , Thiophenes/pharmacology , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Male , Osteoblasts/drug effects , Osteoblasts/pathology , Rats, Wistar , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Skull/drug effects , Skull/physiopathology , X-Ray MicrotomographyABSTRACT
Periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. Although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (NIDPD) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. A unique NIDPD case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. The patient, a non-smoking dental surgeon with excessive oral hygiene practice, presented a generalized bone resorption and tooth mobility, but not gingival inflammation or occlusion problems. No hematological, immunological or endocrine alterations were found. No periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. denticola) or viruses (HCMV, EBV-1 and HSV-1) were detected, along with levels of IL-1β and TNF-a in GCF compatible with healthy tissues. Conversely ALP, ACP and RANKL GCF levels were similar to diseased periodontal sites. Genetic investigation demonstrated that the patient carried some SNPs, as well HLA-DR4 (*0404) and HLA-B27 alleles, considered risk factors for bone loss. Then, a less vigorous and diminished frequency of toothbrushing was recommended to the patient, resulting in the arrest of alveolar bone loss, associated with the return of ALP, ACP and RANKL in GCF to normality levels. In conclusion, the unusual case presented here is compatible with the previous description of NIDPD, and the results that a possible combination of excessive force and frequency of mechanical stimulation with a potentially bone loss prone genotype could result in the alveolar bone loss seen in NIDPD.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Cytokines/analysis , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Alveolar Bone Loss/pathology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry , Periodontal Diseases/pathology , Periodontal Diseases , Toothbrushing/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In the present investigation, a scanning electron microscopy analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of the topical application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel associated with Cetavlon (EDTAC) in removing the smear layer and exposing collagen fibers following root surface instrumentation. Twenty-eight teeth from adult humans, single rooted and scheduled for extraction due to periodontal reasons, were selected. Each tooth was submitted to manual (scaling and root planing) instrumentation alone or combined with ultrasonic instruments, with or without etching using a 24% EDTAC gel. Following extraction, specimens were processed and examined under a scanning electron microscope. A comparative morphological semi-quantitative analysis was performed; the intensity of the smear layer and the decalcification of cementum and dentinal surfaces were graded in 12 sets using an arbitrary scale ranging from 1 (area covered by a smear layer) to 4 (no smear layer). Root debridement with hand instruments alone or combined with ultrasonic instruments resulted in a similar smear layer covering the root surfaces. The smear layer was successfully removed from the surfaces treated with EDTAC, which exhibited numerous exposed dentinal tubules and collagen fibers. This study supports the hypothesis that manual instrumentation alone or instrumentation combined with ultrasonic instrumentation is unable to remove the smear layer, whereas the subsequent topical application of EDTAC gel effectively removes the smear layer, uncovers dentinal openings and exposes collagen fibers.
Subject(s)
Cetrimonium Compounds/administration & dosage , Edetic Acid/administration & dosage , Gels/administration & dosage , Tooth Root/pathology , Tooth Root/ultrastructure , Administration, Topical , Adult , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Cetrimonium , Chelating Agents/administration & dosage , Dental Scaling , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Periodontal Diseases/pathology , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Root Planing , Smear Layer , Ultrasonic TherapyABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ changes in the alveolar crest bone height around immediate implant-supported crowns in comparison to tooth-supported crowns (control) with the cervical margins located at the bone crest level, without occlusal load. In Group I, after extraction of 12 mandibular premolars from 4 adult dogs, implants from Branemark System (MK III TiU RP 4.0 x 11.5 mm) were placed to retain complete acrylic crowns. In Group II, premolars were prepared to receive complete metal crowns. Sixteen weeks after placement of the crowns (38 weeks after tooth extraction), the height of the alveolar bone crest was measured with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test at 5% significance level. The in situ analysis showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.880) between the implant-supported and the tooth-supported groups (1.528 + 0.459 mm and 1.570 + 0.263 mm, respectively). Based on the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that initial peri-implant bone loss may result from the remodeling process necessary to establish the biological space, similar to which occurs with tooth-supported crowns.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Process/pathology , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Dental Implants , Animals , Bicuspid/surgery , Cementation , Cephalometry , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration Failure , Dogs , Gold Alloys , Mandible/surgery , Osseointegration/physiology , Radiography, Bitewing , Random Allocation , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic , Tooth Socket/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Zinc Phosphate CementABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ changes in the alveolar crest bone height around immediate implant-supported crowns in comparison to tooth-supported crowns (control) with the cervical margins located at the bone crest level, without occlusal load. In Group I, after extraction of 12 mandibular premolars from 4 adult dogs, implants from Branemark System (MK III TiU RP 4.0 x 11.5 mm) were placed to retain complete acrylic crowns. In Group II, premolars were prepared to receive complete metal crowns. Sixteen weeks after placement of the crowns (38 weeks after tooth extraction), the height of the alveolar bone crest was measured with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed statistically by the Mann-Whitney test at 5 percent significance level. The in situ analysis showed no statistically significant difference (p=0.880) between the implant-supported and the tooth-supported groups (1.528 + 0.459 mm and 1.570 + 0.263 mm, respectively). Based on the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that initial peri-implant bone loss may result from the remodeling process necessary to establish the biological space, similar to which occurs with tooth-supported crowns.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar in situ modificações ocorridas na crista óssea alveolar induzidas por implantes imediatos e às induzidas por dentes naturais, ambos preparados para suportarem dispositivos protéticos situados sobre a margem óssea cervical, sem carga oclusal. No grupo I, após a extração de 12 pré-molares inferiores de 4 cães adultos, foram instalados implantes do Sistema Branemark (MK III TiU RP 4,0 x 11,5 mm) e coroas totais acrílicas. No grupo II, os pré-molares, foram submetidos a preparos convencionais, sendo cimentadas coroas totais metálicas. Após 16 semanas da instalação das coroas (38 semanas após a extração), a reabsorção da crista óssea alveolar foi avaliada in situ, por meio da mensuração das peças, com paquímetro digital. Para obtenção das medidas do grupo I, os pontos de referência foram a plataforma de assentamento do implante e a crista óssea alveolar. No grupo II, a posição do limite cervical da prótese e o início da crista óssea. Os valores obtidos foram comparados pelo teste de Mann-Whitmey com nível de significância de 5 por cento. A média de reabsorção da crista óssea foi de 1,528 + 0,459 mm para o grupo I e de 1,570 + 0,263 mm para o grupo II, não havendo diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,880) entre os grupos. Os resultados do presente estudo permitiram concluir que a reabsorção perimplantar inicial que ocorre na crista óssea resulta de um padrão de remodelação necessário para o estabelecimento do espaço biológico na área, assim como ocorre nos dentes naturais preparados para receberem próteses convencionais.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Alveolar Process/pathology , Dental Implants , Dental Implantation, Endosseous/methods , Bicuspid/surgery , Cementation , Cephalometry , Crowns , Dental Abutments , Dental Prosthesis Design , Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported , Dental Restoration Failure , Gold Alloys , Mandible/surgery , Osseointegration/physiology , Radiography, Bitewing , Random Allocation , Tooth Extraction , Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic , Treatment Outcome , Tooth Socket/surgery , Zinc Phosphate CementABSTRACT
When periodontal disease started to be considered a bacterial infection mainly mediated by subgingival plaque, the basic problem faced by periodontists was the indentification and/or quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria. However, clinical methods continue to be of great value for the diagnosis of periodontal disease. In the present study we show a significant correlation between an index widely used in clinical practice, the Gingival Index of Lõe (1967), based on the presence or absence of bleeding on probing, and the methodology of the BANA test for the detection of the specific enzymatic activity of microorganisms involved in periodontal disease. More sensitive and specific clinical parameters, taken together with other microbiological methods, will be useful in daily clinical practice even before periodontal treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Enzyme Tests , Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontal Index , Dental Plaque/microbiologyABSTRACT
Algumas drogas ministradas a nível sistêmico, podem modificar a resposta inflamatória e imunológica dos tecidos periodontais, principalmente da gengiva. Dentre os efeitos adversos mais comuns provocados por drogas na gengiva, está a hiperplasia gengival. Existem três grupos de drogas que provocam esta alteração: as anticonvulsivantes, representadas pela fenitoína, as imunossupressoras, representadas pela ciclosporina A e finalmente, as drogas bloqueadoras do canal de cálcio. A patogenia de hiperplasia gengival é incerta e fatores como idade, predisposição genética, variáveis farmacocinéticas, alterações inflamatórias e imunológicas induzidas pela placa bacteriana e ativação de fatores de crescimento, estão envolvidas com o início e a severidade da alteração. O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar através de revisão de literatura, a natureza multifacial da hiperplasia gengival induzida por drogas
Subject(s)
Humans , Chemistry , Diagnosis , PharmacologyABSTRACT
O diagnóstico da lesäo de furca deve ser cercado de fatores que venham identificar e caracterizar a mesma. Constantemente o cirurgiäo-dentista depara-se com situaçöes divergentes quanto ao prognóstico de um dente multirradicular com envolvimento de furca, portanto o objetivo do presente estudo é mostrar a importância e necessidade da associaçäo de informaçöes clínicas e radiográficas para se obter um adequado diagnóstico, bem como a identificaçäo conclusiva de uma lesäo de furca
Subject(s)
Furcation Defects , Diagnosis, Oral , Radiography, DentalABSTRACT
A relaçäo mucogengival é de fundamental importância quando tratamos da quantidade de mucosa presente, pois se näo possuirmos mucosa ceratinizada suficiente, devemos criá-la antes da terapia ortodôntica, para evitar danos posteriores como recessöes gengivais. A inflamaçäo causada pela placa bacteriana deve ser controlada antes e durante a movimentaçäo ortodôntica, pois a presença desta em gengiva fina pode favorecer a fusäo do epitélio oral com o epitélio da bolsa. O objetivo deste estudo é mostrar a importância da mucosa ceratinizada no planejamento da terapia ortodôntica e um caso clínico em que realizou-se enxerto gengival livre profilático para criaçäo de mucosa ceratinizada em um elemento com giroversäo e provável tábua óssea fina
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Gingiva , Mouth Mucosa , Gingival Recession/prevention & control , Inflammation/prevention & control , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
In the present investigation the ability of subgingival plaque to hydrolyse BANA (Perioscan) was correlated with CPITN scores. Among 281 sites investigated, 136 had a CPITN equal to 2 with a highly significant positive BANA value (107 sites). A CPITN equal to 3 was also siginificantly BANA positive (90 sites). These findings clearly demonstrate the relationship between CPITN and anaerobic microorganisms (BANA positive)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Diagnosis , Diagnosis , MicrobiologyABSTRACT
O teste BANA, fase sólida (PERIOSCAN), foi utilizado para análise da microbiota subgengival de 56 pacientes e os resultados foram relacionados com os critérios clínicos do índice de sangramento papilar (PBS). Dos 56 pacientes 28 eram crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 11 anos e 28 eram um de seus pais na faixa etária de 26 a 41 anos. As amostras de placa subgengival foram colhidas com curetas periodontais de 234 sítios sendo 117 sítios dos filhos e 117 sítios dos pais. Os dados obtidos mostraram que existe uma correlação estatisticamente significante entre os índices de sangramento papilar nos filhos e nos pais. O teste BANA detectou a presença de microrganismos periodontopatogênicos em 65 por cento dos sítios sadios dos pais e em 88 por cento dos sítios sadios dos filhos. Quando foi considerado os sítios alterados nos pais 92 por cento foram BANA positivo e 76 por cento nos filhos foram BANA positivos. A presença de áreas alteradas (avaliadas pelo PBS) nos sítios escolhidos dos filhos e nos correspondentes sítios dos pais mostrou uma relação positiva, estatisticamente significante, assim como sítios BANA positivos dos pais e dos filhos. Da mesma forma os sítios alterados que deram resultados BANA positivos tanto nos pais como nos filhos foi altamente significante (&=1 por cento). O presente trabalho sugere que a presença de bactérias periodontopatogênicas nos filhos está relacionada com a presença das mesma bactérias nos pais, e um significado importante no estabelecimento das patologias periodontais nos filhos
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Dental Papilla , Periodontal Diseases/microbiology , Gingival Diseases , Parent-Child Relations , Periodontal IndexABSTRACT
Do meato auditivo de bovinos que padeciam de otite, o autor isolou e descreveu duas novas espécies de Nematoda-Rhabditidae: Rhabditis (Rhabditis) freitasi sp.n. do município de Formosa, Estado de Goiás, e Rhabditis (Rhabditis) costai sp.n. do município de Sertäozinho no Estado de Säo Paulo
