ABSTRACT
Staphylococcus spp. and Mammaliicoccus spp. colonize the skin and mucosa of humans and other animals and are responsible for several opportunistic infections. Staphylococci antibiotic resistance may be present in the environment due to the spread of treated and untreated manure from the livestock industry due to antibiotic use to disease control or growth promoter. In this work, we analyzed the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus and Mammaliicoccus species along different sites of a swine manure treatment plant from Southeastern Brazil. Bacterial colonies were obtained on mannitol salt agar, selected after catalase test and Gram staining, and finally identified by mass spectrometry and sequencing of the tuf gene. According to the results, S.cohnii and S. simulans were the most prevalent species. Antibiotic resistance test revealed that several strains were resistant to multiple drugs, with high levels of chloramphenicol resistance (98%), followed by erythromycin (79%), tetracycline (73%), gentamicin (46%), ciprofloxacin (42%), cefoxitin (18%), sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (12%), and linezolid (4%). In addition, gene detection by PCR showed that all strains carried at least 2 resistance genes and one of them carried all 11 genes investigated. Using the GTG5-PCR approach, a high genetic similarity was observed between some strains that were isolated from different points of the treatment plant. Although some were seemingly identical, differences in their resistance phenotype and genotype suggest horizontal gene transfer. The presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes along the treatment system highlights the potential risk of contamination by people in direct contact with these animals and the soil since the effluent is used as a biofertilizer in the surrounding environment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents , Staphylococcus , Humans , Swine , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Manure , Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics , Cefoxitin , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
A presente pesquisa, de caráter quantitativo, teve como objetivo central conhecer o perfil e a experiência dos jovens em seus espaços de lazer e tempo livre em duas realidades distintas: estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas. Participaram da pesquisa 561 jovens, com idades entre 14 e 19 anos, sendo 291 de escolas públicas e 270 de escolas particulares. Como principais resultados, verificou-se uma forte inserção da mídia como forma de ocupar o tempo livre pelos dois grupos investigados, e também uma maior frequência de atividades de lazer realizadas por jovens de escolas particulares. Diante dos resultados, concluiu-se que os contextos sociais, culturais e econômicos acabam influenciando diretamente as experiências desse tempo vivenciado pelos participantes.
This quantitative research aimed to know the profile and experience of young people in their leisure and free time in two different realities: students from public and private schools. A total of 561 young people, aged 14 to 19 years old, 291 from public schools and 270 from private schools participated in the study. The main results were the strong insertion of the media as a form to occupy free time by the two groups investigated, and also a higher frequency of leisure activities performed by young people from private schools. Given the results, it was concluded that the social, cultural and economic context send up directly influencing the experiences of this time lived by the participants.(AU)
