Subject(s)
Amnion/anatomy & histology , Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological , Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/diagnosis , Labor Stage, First/physiology , Labor, Obstetric/physiology , Adult , Amnion/physiology , Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological/standards , False Positive Reactions , Female , Humans , Obstetric Labor, Premature/diagnosis , Pregnancy , Term BirthABSTRACT
A major challenge of assisted reproduction technologies (ARTs) is to mimic the natural environment required to sustain oocyte and embryo survival. Herein, we show that the ceramide-metabolizing enzyme, acid ceramidase (AC), is expressed in human cumulus cells and follicular fluid, essential components of this environment, and that the levels of this enzyme are positively correlated with the quality of human embryos formed in vitro. These observations led us to develop a new approach for oocyte and embryo culture that markedly improved the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF). The addition of recombinant AC (rAC) to human and mouse oocyte culture medium maintained their healthy morphology in vitro. Following fertilization, the number of mouse embryos formed in the presence of rAC also was improved (from approximately 40 to 88%), leading to approximately 5-fold more healthy births. To confirm these observations, immature bovine oocytes were matured in vitro and subjected to IVF in the presence of rAC. Significantly more high-grade blastocysts were formed, and the number of morphologically intact, hatched embryos was increased from approximately 24 to 70%. Overall, these data identify AC as an important component of the in vivo oocyte and embryo environment, and provide a novel technology for enhancing the outcome of assisted fertilization. Eliyahu, E., Shtraizent, N., Martinuzzi, K., Barritt, J., He, X., Wei, H., Chaubal, S., Copperman, A. B., Schuchman, E. H. Acid ceramidase improves the quality of oocytes and embryos and the outcome of in vitro fertilization.
Subject(s)
Acid Ceramidase/pharmacology , Blastocyst/cytology , Cumulus Cells/cytology , Fertilization in Vitro/methods , Oocytes/cytology , Animals , Cattle , Cell Culture Techniques , Embryo Culture Techniques , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine if elevated body mass index in young women with normal ovarian reserve was associated with poorer ovarian response, difficulty at embryo transfer, and lower clinical pregnancy rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 417 first, fresh in vitro fertilization cycles performed between October 2004 and December 2006. All women were under the age of 35 and had normal cycle day 3 follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels. Subjects were divided into groups by BMI: <18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, > or = 30. RESULTS: Cancellation rates, peak estradiol levels, and mean number of oocytes retrieved were similar in all groups. There was a trend toward increasing difficulty in visualizing the air bubble at time of embryo transfer and lower implantation rates at higher body mass indices. Clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates were similar among groups. CONCLUSION: Obesity in young women does not adversely affect clinical pregnancy rates in patients treated with in vitro fertilization.
