[Organization of work, hardship at work, mobbing: new problem areas that must be considered by the competent doctor in formulating fitness evaluation]. / L'organizzazione del lavoro, il disagio lavorativo, il mobbing: le nuove problematiche all'attenzione del medico competente per la formulazione del giudizio di idoneità.

In recent years, in addition to the more common occupational-health risks (chemical, physical, biological), increasing importance is given to psychological and psychosomatic illness as a result of malfunction in the organization of work: burn-out, mobbing, maladjustment at work. In order to be able to evaluate the influence of such phenomenon whilst judging fitness in some working realities in Sicily, 18 small, medium and large dimension companies with a total of 1413 employees were examined. The typology of the work embraced the industrial, health, information-technology, construction and telephony sectors. The research involved analyzing, with the respective competent physicians, (in a few cases the same physician dealt with more than one company) the Risk Evaluation document, the clinical and risk records and the fitness evaluations. The analysis of the data obtained pointed out that of the 1413 employees observed, 87% was judged fit, 2% fit with limitation and/or prescription, almost 1% not fit. Notwithstanding the type of judgment, it was ascertained how in the above evaluation, only classical "physical" risks were evaluated (noise, MMC, VDT, etc.). The worker is judged as an individual removed from the general context of the company, of it's organization, or, as one who participates only by means of his various organs and apparatus, and who can singularly become ill because of exposure to some occupational risk. As a matter of fact, in none of the DVR's of the 18 companies object of the research, was an element of evaluation of the working organization found. Nor on the communication means, on the transparency of the procedures, on the quality of relations, lack of instruments or physical sites fit to working activity, nor to emotionally extreme working activities. It must therefore be emphasized that the competent physician only possesses the individual pathologies encountered in the various working situations. He lacks elements of evaluation that would supply useful information on the working organization, and on the effects the latter can have on the health of the employees, and, therefore on their fitness to work. The latter; in our opinion, is data that cannot be disregarded in the correct judgment of psycho-physical fitness, as foreseen by the regulations in force.

[Work organization and mobbing: application of cognitive methodology in medical circle]. / L'organizzazione del lavoro e mobbing: applicazione di una procedura conoscitiva in ambito sanitario.

Mobbing is a phenomenon produced for the most part by factors related to work organization. During the medical control of workers in Universitary Policlinico Hospital of Palermo, we used a methodology (in advance applied with effectiveness by ISPESL in other institutions) that is able to evidence factors of work organization causing Mobbing. 338 out 2060 workers (total staff) with different professional figures were recruited. We evidenced the working classes that had more troubles about communications of business information, about interpersonal relationships at work with top manager, with other members of team and with colleagues. Particularly doctors and OTA, in worrying percentage, stated that they suffered psychological molestations. Aim of our study was to assay a procedure that, even if it doesn't identify proclaimed mobbing phenomenon, enables us to acquire information about relationships between business management and workers and organizational aspects perceiving by subordinates. A I level study about a phenomenon in expansion is very useful to recognize preventively intentionally made mobbing actions.