ABSTRACT
The paper considers methodological problems in the use of computer technologies in physical education by applying diagnostic and consulting systems, educational and educational-and-training process automation systems, and control and self-control programmes for athletes and others.
Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Information Systems , Physical Education and Training , Sports , Expert Systems , Humans , SoftwareSubject(s)
Exercise , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscles/blood supply , Physical Education and Training/methods , Adult , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Morphometrical characteristics of the skeletal muscle fibers of the m. vastus lateralis has been presented in the skaters of a high qualification. The muscle biopsies have been obtained by means of the needle biopsy method from 5 sprinters and 10 classical all-round competitors. Longitudinal sections of the peripheral and central parts of the muscle fiber have been investigated, subdividing the fibers in accordance with certain ultrastructural criteria into two types: slow and fast. The area of mitochondria, myofibrils, lipid inclusions has been determined by means of the system of the image analysis ACM-68K (Leitz, BRD). To the defining factors in the skater muscle ultrastructure, influencing the level of sporting achievements, a high parameter of the volumetric density of the whole mitochondrial population (7.6% in the sprinters and 9.2% in the all-around competitors) and an exceptionally high parameter of the sarcoplasmic density (28.5% in the sprinters and 36% in the all-around competitors) should be ascribed. The morphometrical data of the skaters muscle fiber are compared with the muscle parameters (according to the literature data) of the m. vastus lateralis in high qualification sportsmen of other specialization and in nontrained persons.
Subject(s)
Muscles/ultrastructure , Skating , Biopsy, Needle , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Lipid Metabolism , Microscopy, Electron , Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism , Mitochondria, Muscle/ultrastructure , Muscles/metabolism , Myofibrils/metabolism , Myofibrils/ultrastructureABSTRACT
At the international tournament in 1982 in Moscow and Tashkent 254 leading footballers of the world from 10 national young combined teams have been undergone an anthropological examination. In all the persons examined main total body dimensions, fat mass in per cent and somatotype after B. Hint and J. Carter have been determined. The leading footballers of the world are of more than middle height and tall, the body mass is proportional to its length, the fat mass values are not great. Their specific somatotype is well-balanced mesomorphic and ectomesomorphic types. The average somatotype of the footballers examined can be presented as 1.7-5.6-2.6. The data obtained can be used when selecting and complexing national combined teams with perspective sportsmen.
