Self-management of Risk for the Prevention of Traffic Accidents from a Health Perspective: A Qualitative Study.

Introduction: In the world, deaths and injuries caused by traffic collisions have been considered a public health problem. In Colombia, 7.238 fatalities were recorded in 2021, with motorcycle riders representing the largest group of victims at 59.7%. Methods: The aim of this qualitative phenomenological study is to describe the risky experiences and deliberate actions of diverse road users that influence the self-management of the risk of traffic collisions. Results: Data were obtained from 22 participants: motorists, pedestrians and drivers. The content analysis describes various human conditions that affect self-management of the risk of traffic accidents, such as unsafe behaviors, non-compliance with traffic regulations by the different road actors, competitive culture among drivers, eagerness, among others. Additionally, factors related to care were determined: healthy recreational activities, promoting the value of one's own life and that of others, adequate time management and preventive behaviors by some road users. Conclusion: This research provides information on social and cultural aspects, experiences and risky behaviors of different road actors that influence the incidence of traffic accidents in Colombia.

A Pilot Nurse-Administered CBT Intervention for Insomnia in Patients with Schizophrenic Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Effectiveness Trial.

Insomnia is a highly prevalent disorder among the population with schizophrenia and has a significant impact on their quality of life. Cognitive behavioural therapies (CBT) have shown effectiveness in the treatment of insomnia in the general population. The aim of this this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a group intervention led by nurses in an outpatient mental health centre. The group work combined cognitive behavioural and psychoeducational therapeutic interventions to improve insomnia in patients with schizophrenic disorder and their health-related quality of life. This randomized clinical trial included intervention and control groups with follow-up assessments at 6 and 9 months, using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) scales. The inclusion criteria were as follows: over 18 years of age, diagnosis of schizophrenia, and a score of >7 on the ISI scale. The total sample was 40 participants. The ISI scale showed a mean difference of 3.63 (CI 95%: 2.02-5.23) (p = 0.000) and 4.10 (CI 95%: 2.45-5.75) (p = 0.000) and a large effect size (F: 28.36; p = 0.000; ηp2: 0.427). Regarding the PSQI scale, the mean difference was 3.00 (CI 95%: 1.53-4.49) (p = 0.000) and 2.30 (CI 95%: 0.85-3.75) (p = 0.000), with a medium effect size (F: 18.31; p = 0.000 ηp2: 0.325). The EQ-VAS scale showed a difference in mean scores between the groups of 10.48 (CI 95%: -19.66--1.29) (p = 0.027). CBT adapted for populations with mental disorders, carried out by nurses, is effective in improving insomnia and health-related quality of life.

Percepción de las fuentes de apoyo que facilitan la adherencia a los tratamientos / Perception of sources of support that facilitate adherence to the treatments

Introducción: La falta de adherencia a los tratamientos aumenta la probabilidad de fracaso terapéutico y complicaciones innecesarias. Objetivo: Explorar las fuentes de apoyo percibidas por los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas que les facilitan la adherencia a los tratamientos. Método: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo con enfoque fenomenológico, en el que se reclutaron ocho pacientes crónicos complejos, sin distinción de género, ni edad, residentes en Barcelona, y que tras evaluar la adherencia farmacológica con los test de Morisky-Green y el test de Batalla diera como resultado ser adherente al régimen terapéutico. Tras lo cual se efectuaron dos preguntas abiertas que fueron grabadas en un dispositivo de audio y transcritas textualmente. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el método Colaizzi. Resultados: Surgieron tres grupos temáticos: 1) Tener el apoyo familiar; 2) Comprensión de la enfermedad y estrategias que facilitan la adhesión a los tratamientos; y 3) Relación con los profesionales de referencia. Conclusiones: La fuente más importante de apoyo percibida por los participantes, es la familia, coincidiendo con otros autores. El hallazgo de este estudio, es que se evidencia a medicina y enfermería como instigadores que fomentan su empoderamiento y como fuente de influencia reconocida que ha permitido su asimilación y capacitación para adoptar medidas que les ayudan a seguir las pautas farmacoterapéuticas. (AU)

Introduction: Non-adherence to treatments increases the probability of therapeutic failure and unnecessary complications. Objective: To explore the sources of support perceived by patients with chronic diseases that facilitate adherence to treatment. Method: Qualitative descriptive study with a phenomenological approach, in which eight complex chronic patients were recruited, without distinction of gender or age, residents of Barcelona, and who, after evaluating pharmacological adherence with the Morisky-Green test and the test of Batalla resulted in being adherent to the therapeutic regimen.After which, two open questions were asked that were recorded on an audio device and transcribed verbatim. For data analysis, the method Colaizzi was used. Results: Three thematic groups emerged: 1) Having family support; 2) Understanding of the disease and strategies that facilitate adherence to treatments; and 3) Relationship with reference professionals. Conclusions: The most important source of support perceived by the participants is the family, coinciding with other authors. The finding of this study is that shows medicine and nursing are evidenced as instigators that promote their empowerment and as a recognized source of influence that has allowed their assimilation and training to adopt measures that help them follow the pharmacotherapeutic guidelines. (AU)

Analysis of Psychosomatic Disorders According to Age and Sex in a Rural Area: A Population-Based Study.

Psychosomatic disorders can develop unevenly depending on certain health determinants; therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders and the differences by age and sex in a rural area. We conducted an observational descriptive retrospective population study to determine the prevalence of 201 diagnoses of psychosomatic nature grouped into 25 diagnostic categories by sex and age groups. A total of 33,680 participants with a diagnosis of psychosomatic disorder were identified (64.6% women, 35.4% men). We found statistically significant differences based on sex in 13 of the 25 diagnostic categories previously defined. When we analyzed these categories by age, we found that women showed a higher probability, between 1.23 and 10.85 times, of suffering from most of these health issues. We also observed that the older the age group, the most often they had a diagnosis. Notably, more women seem to suffer from psychosomatic disorders when compared to men in the same situation. In most of these disorders, being of the female sex was a risk factor, and the older the participants, the greater the probability of developing a disorder.

Beyond the clinical context: the process of losing oneself living with Huntington's disease.

BACKGROUND: People with Huntington's disease (HD) have increased functional and cognitive dependence. While numerous clinical, genetic, and therapeutic management studies have been carried out, few studies have investigated the disease from the personal experience and the context of people living with HD. To better serve these patients, our purpose is to understand, from the perspective of the patient and their families, how people with HD cope with their daily lives outside the clinical setting. METHODS: Thirty-three affected or at-risk people participated in this study. Participants were interviewed at their homes on distinct occasions during a family visit. We analyzed the data using Grounded Theory, which allowed us to understand how people live with the disease on their own terms. RESULTS: Living with HD is a process that begins with acceptance or denial that one is at risk for the disease or, growing awareness of the condition due to motor, behavioral, and cognitive changes, and, finally, loss of autonomy with physical dependence on another person, and loss of sense of self and family. CONCLUSION: While the daily life of patients before disease onset was characterized by physical and mental/cognitive independence, with HD they become increasingly trapped in their bodies, and their complications are due to the lack of effective curable therapy.

The care offered by nurses to elders with coronary artery disease from the perspective of Transitions Theory.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the planning and implementation of the care offered by nurses to elders with coronary disease during the hospital-house transition. METHODS: Qualitative research that used the Transitions Theory as a theoretical reference. The participants were 12 nurses who work in a hospital that specializes in cardiology, in the city of Salvador-BA. A semistructured interview was carried out from January to February 2018, and the data was analyzed using the Content Analysis technique. RESULTS: Transition care takes place on the day of discharge. The presence of the family was found to be a facilitator; low adherence, poor financial situations, the low educational levels inhibited its implementation. The rehospitalization is an indicator of the results of the transition of care. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The planning and implementation of transition care is not effective. It must provide safety in the management of self-care in the home of elders with coronary disease and their families.

The Experience of Insomnia in Patients With Schizophrenic Disorder: A Qualitative Study.

BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a health problem that particularly affects people with schizophrenia. Its repercussions go beyond the disorder itself and affect many areas of life. The aim of the present study is to explore the clinical symptoms and consequences of insomnia in patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorder and the perceptions of these patients regarding the care they receive. METHODS: The study takes a qualitative approach and uses semi-structured interviews to conduct a descriptive and interpretive analysis of 3 clinically different clusters of patients. These 3 clusters have been defined by using two-step cluster analysis based on the results of the ISI (Insomnia Severity Index) and EQ-5D scales (EuroQol-5D) and the presence of certain diagnostic symptoms in a sample of 170 patients. The final sample was 31 subjects. The analysis was based on a hermeneutic analysis of the patients' narratives regarding their experiences of insomnia. RESULTS: The patients' narratives show differences in the intensity and experience of insomnia depending on the severity, as well as its impact on their quality of life. Insomnia has a huge emotional impact. Participants describe ruminations and obsessive thoughts as a key factor hindering falling asleep. Some of the everyday actions they perform encourage the chronicity of insomnia. The desired health response must include interventions that are effective, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, and powerful, such as pharmacological solutions. Psychoeducation and advice on sleep hygiene are highly valued tools as preventive strategies. CONCLUSIONS: To know the experience of users gives us a more comprehensive understanding of insomnia complexities and brings some new intervention strategies in patients with mental disorders. It is important that health professionals intervene preventively to stop the disorder from becoming chronic.

The care offered by nurses to elders with coronary artery disease from the perspective of Transitions Theory / Cuidado de enfermeras a ancianos con enfermedad arterial coronaria en la perspectiva de la Teoría de las Transiciones / Cuidado de enfermeiras a idosos com doença arterial coronariana na perspectiva da Teoria das Transições

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the planning and implementation of the care offered by nurses to elders with coronary disease during the hospital-house transition. Methods: Qualitative research that used the Transitions Theory as a theoretical reference. The participants were 12 nurses who work in a hospital that specializes in cardiology, in the city of Salvador-BA. A semistructured interview was carried out from January to February 2018, and the data was analyzed using the Content Analysis technique. Results: Transition care takes place on the day of discharge. The presence of the family was found to be a facilitator; low adherence, poor financial situations, the low educational levels inhibited its implementation. The rehospitalization is an indicator of the results of the transition of care. Final considerations: The planning and implementation of transition care is not effective. It must provide safety in the management of self-care in the home of elders with coronary disease and their families.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el planeamiento e implementación del cuidado de transición hospital-domicilio de enfermeras a ancianos con enfermedad arterial coronaria. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa que utilizó como referencial teórico la Teoría de las Transiciones. Participaron 12 enfermeras actuantes en un hospital-referencia en cardiología de Salvador-BA. Realizó entrevista semiestructurada entre los meses de enero y febrero de 2018; y analizaron los datos por la técnica de Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: El cuidado de transición es efectuado en el día de la alta. La presencia del familiar fue considerada facilitadora; y la baja adhesión, condición financiera y nivel de escolaridad fueron apuntados como inhibidores de su implementación. La reinternación es el indicador de resultado del cuidado de transición. Consideraciones finales: El cuidado de transición es planeado e implementado de manera ineficaz. Es necesario que él proporcione seguridad en la gestión del autocuidado en domicilio del anciano con enfermedad coronaria y de su familia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o planejamento e implementação do cuidado de transição hospital-domicílio de enfermeiras à pessoa idosa com doença arterial coronariana. Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou como referencial teórico a Teoria das Transições. Participaram 12 enfermeiras atuantes em um hospital-referência em cardiologia da cidade de Salvador-BA. Realizou-se entrevista semiestruturada entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2018; e analisaram-se os dados pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: O cuidado de transição é efetuado no dia da alta. A presença do familiar foi considerada facilitadora; e a baixa adesão, condição financeira e nível de escolaridade foram apontados como inibidores da sua implementação. A reinternação é o indicador de resultado do cuidado de transição. Considerações finais: O cuidado de transição é planejado e implementado de maneira ineficaz. É necessário que ele proporcione segurança na gestão do autocuidado em domicílio do idoso com doença coronariana e de sua família.

Significados do uso de plantas medicinais para docentes do curso de enfermagem na Catalunha / Meanings of use of medicinal plants for nursing teachers in Catalonia

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer os significados que o uso de plantas medicinais como terapia complementar no cuidado à saúde tem para docentes do curso de enfermagem na Catalunha. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva, realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com quatro docentes do curso de enfermagem de uma universidade espanhola situada na região da Catalunha, no mês de maio de 2016. Para interpretação dos dados foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Na análise de conteúdo, emergiram dois temas: conhecimento e utilização de terapias complementares; e a cultura familiar influenciando o uso das plantas medicinais. Na primeira categoria, destacou-se que, além de conhecer, os professores também faziam uso das plantas frequentemente. Na segunda, ressalta-se como a influência familiar esteve presente e foi importante para perpetuar o conhecimento e formas de utilização durante as gerações. Evidenciou-se a popularização das terapias complementares e, portanto, é indispensável a articulação da prática pelos profissionais de saúde desde o processo de formação, sobretudo na enfermagem, tendo em vista a integralidade do cuidado oferecido ao usuário.

Abstract This study aims to learn the meanings for teachers of the Nursing course in Catalonia about the use of medicinal plants as complementary therapy in health care. This is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research, conducted through semi-structured interviews, with four professors of the Nursing course at a Spanish University located in the region of Catalonia, in May 2016. For the interpretation of the content analysis proposed by Bardin was used. In the content analysis, two themes emerged: Knowledge and use of complementary therapies and Family culture influencing the use of medicinal plants. In the first category, it was emphasized that, in addition to knowing, teachers also used plants frequently. In the second, it is emphasized how the family influence was present and was important to perpetuate the knowledge and forms of use during the generations. The popularization of complementary therapies became evident and, therefore, the articulation of the practice by health professionals is essential, since the training process, especially in nursing, considering the comprehensive care offered to the user.

Experience of People in Mild and Moderate Stages of Alzheimer's Disease in Spain / Experiencia de personas con Alzheimer en fases leves y moderadas en España / A experiência de pessoas com Alzheimer na Espanha nas fases leve e moderada

Objetivo: analizar el significado que adquiere la enfermedad para las personas afectadas por Demencia, proporcionándoles voz. Material y métodos: aproximación a la fenomenología descriptiva a través de entrevistas a personas de ambos sexos y mayores de 50 años residentes en Tarragona (España) con un diagnóstico de Demencia leve o moderada, principalmente enfermedad tipo Alzheimer. Resultados: surgieron tres grandes temáticas: 1) normalización de la pérdida de memoria en fases incipientes en relación al proceso natural de envejecimiento; 2) autopercepción de que existe un problema de memoria instaurándose que se disimula frente a su entorno y 3) procesos de adaptación y aprendizaje de estrategias para convivir con su condición tras el diagnóstico. Conclusiones: la falta de infraestructuras especializadas dentro del sistema sanitario en materia de cuidados, programas de prevención y detección precoz son los aspectos más evidentes remarcados.

Objective: To analyze the meaning of dementia by those affected by it, and to give them a voice. Material and methods: Descriptive phenomenology through interviews with people of both genders who are over 50 years old and living in Tarragona (Spain), with a diagnosis of mild or moderate dementia, mainly related to Alzheimer's disease. Results: Three main themes emerged: 1) normalization of memory loss in early stages as part of the natural aging process; 2) self-awareness of progressive memory decline, which is concealed from others, and 3) adaptation processes and strategies to coexist with their condition after diagnosis. Conclusions: The most evident features were the lack of specialized infrastructures within the health system in terms of care, prevention programs, and early detection.

Objetivo: Analisar o significado que a doença adquire para as pessoas afetadas pela demência, dando voz a elas. Material e Métodos: Abordagem da fenomenologia descritiva por meio de entrevistas com pessoas residentes em Tarragona (Espanha) com diagnóstico de demência leve ou moderada, principalmente doença do tipo Alzheimer de ambos os sexos e com mais de 50 anos. Resultados: Surgiram três grandes temas: 1) Normalização da perda de memória em fases incipientes relacionadas ao processo natural de envelhecimento; 2) Autopercepção de que existe um problema de memória que se esconde do ambiente; 3) Processo de adaptação e estratégias de aprendizado para conviver com sua condição após o diagnóstico. Conclusões: A falta de infra-estruturas especializadas no sistema de saúde, programas de prevenção e detecção precoce são os aspectos mais evidentes.

Uso del Emocionario en consultas de pediatría en atención primaria / Use of emotions in primary health care pediatrics visit

OBJETIVO: Conocer cómo los niños identifican y expresan sus emociones en la consulta de enfermería de Atención Primaria a partir de herramientas didácticas adaptadas. METODOLOGÍA: Este trabajo se enmarca en la metodología cualitativa utilizando como método el estudio de casos. Otras técnicas de recogida de información han sido la observación participante y entrevistas semi-estructuradas. RESULTADOS: Se ha realizado un análisis y categorización de las emociones identificadas por los niños. Las categorías en las que se han englobado las emociones son "estado de ánimo", emociones observadas ante un "suceso eventual" ocurrido en la consulta y emociones ante una "circunstancia vital". Además, hemos desarrollado tres estudios de caso prototípicos. CONCLUSIONES: El personal sanitario debe indagar en las emociones de los niños de acuerdo con el abordaje holístico de atención a la salud. Esta aproximación a la esfera emocional del niño nos ha permitido identificar emociones y conocer la relación con sus padres o hermanos o el grado de satisfacción en el colegio. El cuidado emocional favorece la relación de confianza con el personal sanitario, reduciéndose así el nivel de ansiedad que sienten los niños al acudir a las consultas programadas

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to know how children identify and express their emotions in Primary Care nursing consultation using adapted teaching tools. METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative research, a cases study. Participating observation and semi-structured interviews have also been used in this study. RESULTS: We have analyzed and categorized the information collected through the interviews with the children. The categories we have identified are: "emotions observed in the face of an eventual event occurring in the consultation", "emotions in the face of a vital circumstance" and "state of mind". From the interviews with the children, we have developed three prototypical case studies. CONCLUSION:. Health care workers should investigate children's emotions according to the holistic approach to health care. Researching the emotional part of children has let us to know their emotions, the relationship with their parents or siblings or the degree of satisfaction in school. Emotional care could promote relationship with health care workers and reduces the anxiety children feel when they go to nursing appointments

Insomnia in Schizophrenia Patients: Prevalence and Quality of Life.

Sleep disorders are often not regarded as an important health problem, despite their impact on heath. Insomnia is the most frequent sleep disorder in mental health. The aim is to quantify the prevalence of insomnia in a population with schizophrenic disorder and assess its influence on quality of life. This is a descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted in a sample of 267 schizophrenic patients over 18 years of age using consecutive non-probabilistic sampling. The variables of interest were collected by means of the "Cuestionario Oviedo de Sueño," "Insomnia Severity Index" and EuqoQol-5D. The estimation of insomnia in our schizophrenic population according to the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) criteria was 23.2%. The likelihood of insomnia when there are problems in the quality of life is significant in all its dimensions: mobility OR: 3.54 (95% CI 1.88- 6.65), self-care OR: 2.69 (95% CI 1.36-5.32), usual activities OR: 3.56 (95% CI 1.97-6.44), pain/discomfort OR: 4.29 (95% CI 2.37-7.74) and anxiety/depression OR: 3.01 (95% CI 1.61-5.65). The prevalence of insomnia fluctuates depending on the diagnostic criteria; however, the schizophrenic population shows high prevalence in some clinical characteristics. People with insomnia have a lower quality of life.

Influencia de la cultura en la menopausia: revisión de literatura / Influence of culture on menopause: literature review / Influência da cultura na menopausa: revisão de literatura

INTRODUCCIÓN: El climaterio es un periodo de duración variable en la vida de la mujer que cursa con importantes cambios a nivel endocrino, físico y psicológico, además está influenciado por temas culturales y sociales. OBJETIVO: El objetivo es conocer los estereotipos de género sobre la menopausia en los diferentes contextos socioculturales. Método y material. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos biomédicas: CINAHL, Google Académico, PubMed, Cuiden, Dialnet, SCOPUS. RESULTADOS: Las estrategias iniciales de búsqueda identificaron un total de 5892, de los cuales 217 fueron extraídos de CINHAL, 2861 de Google Académico, 2584 de PubMed, 38 de Cuiden, 5 de Dialnet y 187 de SCOPUS. Finalmente, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se obtuvo un total de 17 artículos. CONCLUSIÓN: No es posible estudiar el ciclo vital de la menopausia teniendo en cuenta únicamente el modelo biomédico. Se ha demostrado que las diferencias culturales influyen sobre la percepción, las experiencias y los síntomas relacionados con el climaterio

INTRODUCTION: The climacteric is a period of variable duration in a woman's life which is characterized by important changes at the endocrine, physical and psychological level. In addition, it is influenced by cultural and social issues.Objective. The aim is to know the gender stereotypes about menopause in different sociocultural contexts. Method and material. A bibliographic review was done in the biomedical databases: CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cuiden, Dialnet, SCOPUS.Results. The initial search strategies identified a total of 5892, of which 217 were extracted from CINHAL, 2861 from Google Scholar, 2584 from PubMed, 38 from Cuiden, 5 from Dialnet and 187 from SCOPUS. Finally, after applying the exclusion criteria, a total of 17 articles were obtained. CONCLUSION: It is not possible to study the life cycle of menopause by taking into account the biomedical model only. It has been shown that cultural differences influence the perception, experiences and symptoms related to the climacteric

INTRODUÇÃO: O climatério é um período de duração variável na vida da mulher que acompanha importantes mudanças nos níveis endócrino, físico e psicológico, além disso, é influenciado por questões culturais e sociais.Objetivo. O objetivo é conhecer os estereótipos de gênero sobre a menopausa em diferentes contextos socioculturais. Método e material. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica nas bases de dados biomédicas: CINAHL, Google Acadêmico, PubMed, Cuiden, Dialnet, SCOPUS.Resultados. As estratégias iniciais de busca identificaram um total de 5892, das quais 217 foram extraídas do CINHAL, 2861 do Google Acadêmico, 2584 do PubMed, 38 do Cuiden, 5 do Dialnet e 187 do SCOPUS. Finalmente, após a aplicação dos critérios de exclusão, foram obtidos 17 artigosConclusão. Não é possível estudar o ciclo de vida da menopausa levando em consideração apenas o modelo biomédico. Tem sido demonstrado que as diferenças culturais influenciam a percepção, experiências e sintomas relacionados ao climatério

Internacionalização da Enfermagem brasileira: doutorado sanduíche na região da Catalunha - Espanha / Internacionalización de la Enfermería brasileña: doctorado sandwich en la región de Cataluña - España / Internationalization of brazilian Nursing: doctor sandwich in the Catalonian Region - Spain

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência vivenciada no exterior por estudante de doutorado e apresentar as atividades com suas produções científicas. Método: relato de experiência de um estudante de doutorado em enfermagem brasileiro que realizou oito meses de atividades de doutorado sanduíche no exterior. Resultados: idealização do doutorado sanduíche no exterior e efetivação deste; socialização científica e internacionalização do conhecimento; e internacionalização dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros. Conclusão: os ganhos nesta experiência abarcam o aprimoramento profissional, teórico-científico, e a obtenção de valores sociais e culturais. O contato com outras pessoas e instituições de ensino permitem o desenvolvimento de diferentes habilidades didáticas, pedagógicas e interpessoais. O intercâmbio possibilita o fortalecimento e o reconhecimento das instituições brasileiras de ensino, encoraja outros alunos a conhecer realidades distintas e assim fortalece a internacionalização das pesquisas em enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: relatar la experiencia vivida en el exterior por un estudiante de doctorado y presentar las actividades con sus producciones científicas. Método: relato de experiencia de un estudiante brasileño en el doctorado de enfermería que llevó a cabo ocho meses de actividades de doctorado sandwich en el exterior. Resultados: idealización y efectividad del doctorado sandwich en el exterior, socialización científica e internacionalización del conocimiento e internacionalización de los programas de post-graduación brasileños. Conclusión: los logros en esta experiencia abarcan el perfeccionamiento profesional, teórico-científico y la obtención de valores sociales y culturales. El contacto con otras personas e instituciones de enseñanza permiten el desarrollo de diferentes habilidades didácticas, pedagógicas e interpersonales. El intercambio hace posible el fortalecimiento y reconocimiento de las instituciones brasileñas de enseñanza, ayuda otros alumnos a conocer realidades distintas y, así, fortalece la internacionalización de las investigaciones en enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of living abroad and present the activities with their scientific productions. Method: experience report of a Brazilian Nursing doctoral student who performed eight months of activities abroad during a Sandwich Doctorate. Results: idealization of the sandwich doctorate abroad and its effectiveness; scientific socialization and internationalization of knowledge; and internationalization of Brazilian postgraduate programs. Conclusion: the benefits of this experience include professional, theoretical-scientific improvement, and the attainment of social and cultural values. The contact with other people and educational institutions allows different didactic, pedagogical and interpersonal skills. The exchange enables the strengthening and recognition of Brazilian educational institutions, encourages other students to know different realities and thus strengthens the internationalization of nursing research.

Las creencias y valores de la persona en el arte de cuidar / The person's beliefs and values in the art of caring

Introducción. Estamos ante de cambios importantes que han hecho crecer una nueva sociedad pluricultural con creencias y valores bien diferentes. Las enfermeras necesitan conocer lo que piensa y cree la persona que están cuidando. Objetivo. Nuestro objetivo es saber, comprender y analizar lo que piensan las profesionales sobre las creencias y los valores, como mecanismo de conocimiento integral de la persona para elaborar el plan de atención de enfermería. Metodología. Un primer estudio cuantitativo nos permitió evidenciar que no se cumplen los registros de algunos de los datos de la persona. Un segundo estudio de diseño cualitativo ya nos permitió conocer lo que piensan las enfermeras sobre estos registros. Se escogieron dos ámbitos aparentemente diferentes: urbano y rural. Se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad semiestructurada para las enfermeras que trabajan en el centro y el grupo focal para las de práctica avanzada, integradas en el Equipo de Atención Primaria (EAP). Todas ellas hacen atención domiciliaria y utilizan los mismos recursos materiales para gestionar los cuidados. Resultados. Han participado 47 profesionales (29 enfermeras ámbito urbano SAP Litoral-Esquerra y 18 enfermeras ámbito rural ABS - Rural Penedès). Los resultados han aportado expresiones que han evidenciado desacuerdos, dificultades en la gestión de los cuidados, así como dudas y carencias de conocimientos. Sí creen que son necesarios estos datos, pero necesitan mas formación, registros facilitadores y mejor comunicación interprofesional. Conclusiones. Se aporta un conocimiento real y complementario sobre las vivencias de las enfermeras, sobre la interpretación y utilización de estos datos y la implicación en la práctica clínica dentro de los cuidados. No se han observado grandes diferencias entre la zona urbana y la rural. Las enfermeras se sienten colapsadas por la lucha constante entre el mundo laboral, el profesional y las necesidades de la población. Es necesario más reflexión y menos imposición para ayudar a mejorar los procesos de cuidados (AU)

Introduction. We are facing important changes posed by the new socially multicultural panorama, where diverse beliefs and values prevail. Nurses need to know about the thoughts and beliefs of the person they care for. We are concerned with the idea that this information is currently not reflected in the care plan. Objective. Our goal is to determine, understand and analyze what professionals think about patients’ beliefs and values as a mechanism to obtain comprehensive knowledge about the person, and to consider it in the nursing care plan. Methodology. A first quantitative study Las creencias y valores de la persona en el arte de cuidar allowed us to demonstrate that some information/ details about patients aren’t completely recorded. A second qualitative study was designed to determine what nurses think regarding these records. Two substantially different settings were chosen: urban and rural. Nurses working in the health center and advanced practitioners caring for the focal group, all of them part of the Primary Care Team (EAP), were interviewed with an in-depth semi-structured interview. Nurses providing home care use the same material resources to manage care. Results. 47 professionals (29 nurses from urban areas Litoral SAP - Esquerra and 18 nurses from rural areas - ABS Rural Penedès) participated in the study. Results show disagreements, difficulties in care management, doubts and lack of knowledge regarding patients’ thoughts and beliefs. Even though nurses consider this data as necessary indeed, they need support including: training, better records and interprofessional communication facilitators. Conclusions. The study provides real and complementary knowledge about nurses’ experiences on the interpretation and use of patients’ thoughts and believes, involving them in the clinical care practice. No significant differences were observed between urban and rural areas. Nurses are collapsed by the constant struggle between daily formal work, professional needs and needs of the population. More reflection and less taxation are required to help improve care processes (AU)

La fecundidad en las mujeres gitanas: Creencias, valores y prácticas / Fertility in gypsy women: Beliefs, values and practices

Objetivo principal: Comprender el conjunto de prácticas que las mujeres gitanas llevan a cabo durante la gestación. Metodología: se trata de una investigación etnográfica enmarcada en el ámbito de la antropología y la enfermería que ha tenido por objeto de estudio a las mujeres de etnia gitana de la comunidad de Tauste (Zaragoza, España). Resultados principales: el embarazo se traduce como un proceso donde la mujer gitana representa un bagaje de creencias y prácticas que podrían relacionarse con conceptos como la pureza y la impureza. Una serie de prácticas que pueden ser analizadas desde un prisma multidimensional donde lo divino, lo social y lo jerárquico juegan un papel protagonista en la vida de las gestantes. Conclusión principal: las mujeres gitanas construyen su propia realidad influenciadas por las tendencias sociales aunque en base a unos cimientos que corresponden a la tradicional "Ley gitana"

Objective: To understand the beliefs, values and practices related to gypsy women's fertility. Methods: The article that is presenting is product of an etnographic research framed in the field of anthropological nursing and which target has been the gypsy women from Tauste (Zaragoza, Spain). Results: Pregnancy supposes a milestone in which gypsy women representing beliefs and practices that could be represented according to concepts of pureness and impureness. These practices could be analyzed from a multidimensional perspective in which aspects of religious, social, and hierarchic structure play the main role within their daily life. Conclusions: Gypsy women make their own reality influenced by social trends. Nevertheless their foundations are the traditional "Gypsy Law"

Necesidades de la familia de los pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos / Needs of the relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit

OBJETIVO: describir las diferentes necesidades de los familiares de los pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), así como sus prioridades y los sentimientos que presentan durante el ingreso. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio piloto con metodología cualitativa descriptiva de las necesidades, mediante entrevistas individuales a las familias de los pacientes ingresados en la UCI del Hospital de Sant Pau I Santa Tecla de Tarragona. La muestra obtenida es de carácter no probabilístico por bola de nieve. Su análisis posterior, previa transcripción literal de las entrevistas, se desarrolló desde una visión fenomenológica desarrollando categorías sobre el tema a estudio. RESULTADOS: las necesidades detectadas en las familias son las de información, proximidad, seguridad, estar tranquilo, esperanza y las prácticas o de recursos. También describieron sentimientos y emociones que presentan durante el ingreso de su familiar, de los que destacan el llanto y el miedo a la muerte del ser querido.La UCI donde se realizó el estudio tiene como particularidad un horario de visitas en régimen de puertas abiertas, por lo que la escala de prioridades de las necesidades de estos familiares ha variado respecto a lo encontrado en estudios previos, evidenciándose como más prioritarias las necesidades consideradas prácticas, ya que la necesidad de proximidad, una de las más destacadas descritas en la literatura, está bien cubierta al disponer de flexibilidad en el horario de visitas. Dentro de las necesidades prácticas, lo que los familiares más demandan es ayuda psicológica en el momento del ingreso de su familiar. CONCLUSIONES: se ha demostrado que las familias sí que tienen necesidades durante el ingreso de su familiar y que estas necesidades son iguales que las descritas en la literatura encontrada sobre el tema, con la diferencia que si estas están bien cubiertas surgen en importancia otras que antes no lo eran

OBJECTIVE: to describe the different needs of the relatives of patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), as well as their priorities and the feelings experienced during hospitalization. METHOD: a pilot study was conducted with qualitative methodology describing the needs, through individual interviews with the families of patients admitted to the ICU of the Hospital de Sant Pau I Santa Tecla in Tarragona. The sample was obtained through a non-probability snowball sampling technique. Its subsequent analysis, based on the verbatim transcription of interviews, was conducted from a phenomenological view, developing categories about the matter to be studied. RESULTS: the needs detected in families included: information, closeness, safety, being calm, hope, and practical needs or in terms of resources. They also described feelings and emotions experienced during the hospitalization of their relative; among these, the main ones were crying and fear of death of their love done. The ICU where the study was conducted had the distinctive feature of an open-door regimen of visiting hours, therefore the priority scale of needs in these relatives was different from what was found in previous studies. In this case, those needs of a practical nature were considered the priority, because the need for closeness, one of the most prominent described in literature, was well covered by flexibility in visiting hours. Within practical needs, the most demanded by families was psychological help at the time of the admission of their relative CONCLUSIONS: it has been demonstrated that families do have needs during the hospitalization of their relative, and that those needs are equal to those described in the literature on the subject; with the difference that, if these needs are well covered, the importance of other needs will now increase

Self-care strategies for emotional distress among young adults in Catalonia: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Emotional distress is common in adolescence, and self-care strategies are frequently preferred to address it. The aim of this article is to analyze the self-care strategies among adolescents and young people diagnosed with depression or with self-perceived depressive distress in Catalonia using a qualitative design. METHODS: We analyzed the self-care strategies of 105 young people (17-21 years of age) in Catalonia who had participated in a national survey on adolescents. The sample was divided into thirds, with 37 who had a previous diagnosis of depression, 33 who had self-perceived emotional distress, and 35 controls. The participants' narratives on self-care strategies for emotional distress were elicited through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The data were managed using ATLAS-Ti 6.5 software18. We applied hermeneutic theory and the ethnographic method to analyze the interviews. RESULTS: The ten self-care strategies identified in the analysis were grouped into four areas covering the various pathways the young people followed according to whether they had a diagnosis of depression or their depressive distress was self-perceived. The young people feel responsible for their emotional distress and consider that they are capable of resolving it through their own resources. Their strategies ranged from their individuality to sociability expressed through their relationships with others, membership of groups or other self-care strategies (relaxation, meditation, naturopathy, etc.). CONCLUSIONS: The study results highlight the importance of sensitivity in considering young people's self-care strategies as another option in the care of emotional distress.

[Empowerment and power: their relationship in the proces of caring for the chronically ill in primary care]. / Empoderamiento y poder: su vinculación en el proceso de cuidar al enfermo crónico en atención primaria.

The concepts of "power" and "empowerment" are used in various disciplines, both political and social. Now are these terms frequently in the field of health. Our goal is to know its meaning as a synonym of expressions: "energy", "force", "domain", "vigour", "power", "capacity", "authority" and "control", which have been always within our practice nurse's own lexicon. Semantically analyzing them will help us in the understanding of its nuance. The literature review facilitates their understanding and allows us to link these words within the management of care. In this way we can propose diagnoses, interventions and outcomes specifically related to these concepts, which will help us optimize the efficiency in the management of care plans. The purpose of various collective nurses from different institutions is that the person is able to not generate dependencies and have the option of choosing your own lifestyle according to their culture and environment, independently or with the help. Generate knowledge is to generate power. The person should be educated and informed, to be expert and active and taking action to help control and minimize the progression of your health problem chronic and its possible complications. We are in the process of reformulation of the health system, whether it is private or public, and is necessary to know the power of the various actors involved in the management of the care to us. Each of these main actors--person ill, family/caregiver or nurse--has to know what is his role in this process.