ABSTRACT
This article reviews six defects of special importance in the care of children: aniridia, ectopia lentis, cataracts, glaucoma, colobomata, and optic nerve hypoplasia. In addition to causing potentially serious impairment of vision, these ocular disorders may be associated with significant systemic disease and genetic abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Bibliographies as Topic , Eye Abnormalities , Cataract/chemically induced , Cataract/diagnosis , Cataract/etiology , Cataract/genetics , Child , Child, Preschool , Coloboma/classification , Coloboma/etiology , Ectopia Lentis/complications , Ectopia Lentis/diagnosis , Ectopia Lentis/etiology , Glaucoma/etiology , Glaucoma/therapy , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Iris/abnormalities , Optic Nerve/abnormalities , Optic Nerve/pathologySubject(s)
Choroid/blood supply , Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/complications , Rubella/complications , Adolescent , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Male , Neovascularization, Pathologic/diagnosis , Rubella Syndrome, Congenital/diagnosis , Vision Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
This study is a multicenter, retrospective report of 10 infants in whom acquired nystagmus was the initial sign of chiasmal/ parachiasmal glioma. Nine patients presented before the age of 10 months. The nystagmus, primarily described as pendular and asymmetric, was difficult to differentiate from and therefore most often diagnosed as spasmus nutans . On average in the ten patients, the intracranial glioma was not recognized for 8.6 months after the onset of nystagmus. In the five diagnosed as spasmus nutans , the mean delay in recognizing the tumor was 14.5 months. Three associated clinical findings were present or developed in these patients to distinguish this entity from spasmus nutans : optic atrophy in all ten patients, poor feeding due to diencephalic syndrome in 5 of 10, and increased intracranial pressure with hydrocephalus in 3 of 10. The acquired nystagmus in these infants was evidence of a life-threatening chiasmal/ parachiasmal glioma.
Subject(s)
Astrocytoma/diagnosis , Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Nystagmus, Pathologic/etiology , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Hypothalamic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Infant , Optic Chiasm/diagnostic imaging , Optic Nerve Diseases/diagnosis , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The author discusses an extended list of the ophthalmic signs and symptoms of neurologic disease (some of which were once considered to be benign or isolated eye problems) under the general categories of vision problems, pupil signs, eye movement disorders, fundus abnormalities, and eyelid abnormalities.
Subject(s)
Eye Diseases/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/complications , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Movements , Eyelid Diseases/etiology , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Infant , Nystagmus, Pathologic , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Pupil , Vision Disorders/etiology , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
Tumors from two patients with bilateral retinoblastoma and intracranial malignancies were studied from a clinical, histopathological, and an immunohistochemical standpoint. An antiserum derived against tissue cultured Y-79 retinoblastoma cells was utilized in order to examine the surface and cytoplasmic antigens of the two brain tumors, histopathologically diagnosed as an embryonal cell carcinoma (case 1), a pinealoblastoma (case 2), and one ocular retinoblastoma. The two brain tumors reacted with the antiserum to different degrees. In comparison, the ocular tumor reacted strongly. None of the tissues examined were found to contain retinal S- or P-antigen. The concept of retinoblastomas arising de novofrom the pineal gland and the association of intracranial malignancy occurring in retinoblastoma is stressed. The antigenic and immunologic relationships between normal retina and pineal gland and retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and pinealoblastomas are discussed.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Embryonal/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis , Pinealoma/diagnosis , Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism , Antigens, Surface/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Embryonal/metabolism , Carcinoma, Embryonal/pathology , Child, Preschool , Cytoplasm/metabolism , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infant , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/metabolism , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Pinealoma/metabolism , Pinealoma/pathology , Retinal Neoplasms/metabolism , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Retinoblastoma/metabolism , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma who developed a nasopharyngeal mass seven years following irradiation treatment of the left eye is described. Diagnosis of the new tumor was difficult by routine light microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining of the original globes, the nasopharyngeal mass, and a cervical lymph node biopsy specimen with an antiserum prepared against tissue cultured retinoblastoma cells suggested the diagnosis of metastatic retinoblastoma rather than a "radiation-induced" sarcoma.
Subject(s)
Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Eye Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Infant , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Neoplasm Metastasis , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Retinoblastoma/radiotherapyABSTRACT
Several little-emphasized manifestations of familial chronic granulomatous disease are considered: destructive chorioretinal lesions may be as constant as the pigmented histiocytosis seen in reticuloendothelial organs and could be related to a defect in the phagocytic activity of the retinal pigment epithelium; pigmented histiocytes with the staining characteristics of sea-blue histiocytes may be present in the bone marrow; patients may present with lesions resembling eosinophilic granuloma. Also discussed are some observations related to the sequestration of bacteria within phagocytic cells and the use of continuous antimicrobial therapy.
