Investigation on the origin of hot electrons in laser plasma interaction at shock ignition intensities.

Shock Ignition is a two-step scheme to reach Inertial Confinement Fusion, where the precompressed fuel capsule is ignited by a strong shock driven by a laser pulse at an intensity in the order of [Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text]. In this report we describe the results of an experiment carried out at PALS laser facility designed to investigate the origin of hot electrons in laser-plasma interaction at intensities and plasma temperatures expected for Shock Ignition. A detailed time- and spectrally-resolved characterization of Stimulated Raman Scattering and Two Plasmon Decay instabilities, as well as of the generated hot electrons, suggest that Stimulated Raman Scattering is the dominant source of hot electrons via the damping of daughter plasma waves. The temperature dependence of laser plasma instabilities was also investigated, enabled by the use of different ablator materials, suggesting that Two Plasmon Decay is damped at earlier times for higher plasma temperatures, accompanied by an earlier ignition of SRS. The identification of the predominant hot electron source and the effect of plasma temperature on laser plasma interaction, here investigated, are extremely useful for developing the mitigation strategies for reducing the impact of hot electrons on the fuel ignition.

Measuring the principal Hugoniot of inertial-confinement-fusion-relevant TMPTA plastic foams.

Wetted-foam layers are of significant interest for inertial-confinement-fusion capsules, due to the control they provide over the convergence ratio of the implosion and the opportunity this affords to minimize hydrodynamic instability growth. However, the equation of state for fusion-relevant foams are not well characterized, and many simulations rely on modeling such foams as a homogeneous medium with the foam average density. To address this issue, an experiment was performed using the VULCAN Nd:glass laser at the Central Laser Facility. The aim was to measure the principal Hugoniot of TMPTA plastic foams at 260mg/cm^{3}, corresponding to the density of liquid DT-wetted-foam layers, and their "hydrodynamic equivalent" capsules. A VISAR was used to obtain the shock velocity of both the foam and an α-quartz reference layer, while streaked optical pyrometry provided the temperature of the shocked material. The measurements confirm that, for the 20-120 GPa pressure range accessed, this material can indeed be well described using the equation of state of the homogeneous medium at the foam density.

[RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL WORK IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (REVIEW OF DISSERTATIONS)].

The development of social work in the field of health protection (medical and social work) largely depends on the ongoing scientific research on this topic. The review presents an analysis of dissertations, which demonstrate research on various aspects of medical and social work as a professional activity. The analyzed studies cover a 25-year period from the beginning of the first dissertation work in this area. Dissertations were carried out within the framework of medical, sociological and pedagogical sciences, it is based on the interdisciplinary approach in the formation of the modern system of social work in the Russian Federation.

[The medical social work with individuals of elderly and senile age with total loss of teeth].

The article substantiates the necessity in applying the complex approach to handle medical social problems of patients in elderly and senile age suffering of complete absence of teeth conditions the relevance of developing medical and social work with this contingent. In the complex management of patients receiving dental orthopedic care, professional social workers apply medical, psychological, pedagogical and social measures targeted to maintain their actual health. It is demonstrated that such activities can be implemented within the framework of wide network of social service organizations in cooperation with dentists.

Role of relativistic laser intensity on isochoric heating of metal wire targets.

In a recent experimental campaign, we used laser-accelerated relativistic hot electrons to ensure heating of thin titanium wire targets up to a warm dense matter (WDM) state [EPL114, 45002 (2016)10.1209/0295-5075/114/45002]. The WDM temperature profiles along several hundred microns of the wire were inferred by using spatially resolved X-ray emission spectroscopy looking at the Ti Kα characteristic lines. A maximum temperature of ∼30 eV was reached. Our study extends this work by discussing the influence of the laser parameters on temperature profiles and the optimisation of WDM wire-based generation. The depth of wire heating may reach several hundreds of microns and it is proven to be strictly dependent on the laser intensity. At the same time, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the maximum WDM temperature doesn't appear to be sensitive to the laser intensity and mainly depends on the deposited laser energy considering ranges of 6×1018-6×1020 W/cm2 and 50-200 J.

Effect of plastic coating on the density of plasma formed in Si foil targets irradiated by ultra-high-contrast relativistic laser pulses.

The formation of high energy density matter occurs in inertial confinement fusion, astrophysical, and geophysical systems. In this context, it is important to couple as much energy as possible into a target while maintaining high density. A recent experimental campaign, using buried layer (or "sandwich" type) targets and the ultrahigh laser contrast Vulcan petawatt laser facility, resulted in 500 Mbar pressures in solid density plasmas (which corresponds to about 4.6×10^{7}J/cm^{3} energy density). The densities and temperatures of the generated plasma were measured based on the analysis of x-ray spectral line profiles and relative intensities.

[The sociological research methods in practice of medical social work].

The specificity of medical and social work as professional activity targeted to restoring, preserving and promoting population health determines related focus of research practice and interdisciplinary nature of research. In accordance with purpose of medical and social work, specificity of emerging research practice is related to the fact that comprehensive assistance in maintaining and promoting population health implies the presence in activities of social worker medical and social profile of psychological, pedagogical, legal, technological and research competence. The article also applies the concept of "professional social worker involved in the provision of medical and social assistance to the population." This concept has following meaning: these are citizens who work in the positions of "social worker" and "specialist in social work" in medical organizations and social service organizations of population, who have job function related to restoring, maintaining and improving population health in general, social and in particular social and medical services. Therefore, content of the problem field, choice of areas of scientific support is concerned to each of these aspects of activity and associated social reflection. The article presents the results of theoretical study of the role of sociological methods in implementation of medical and social work.

[The opinion of physicians about activities of professional social workers in organizations rendering palliative medical care].

The development of palliative medical care in Russia that according to the Federal Law of 06.03.2019 № 18-FZ "Introduction of amendments to the Federal Law "The basic principles of medical care in Russian Federation" in the matter of rendering palliative medical care" is assigned to social service institutions, requires optimizing mechanism of intersectoral cooperation, including cooperation between medical organizations of palliative care and social welfare institutions and also between medical personnel and experts of other specialization who participate in providing this kind of assistance, as well as professional social workers. The article presents findings of research, dedicated to evaluation of level of awareness that doctors in medical organizations of palliative care have on professional social work and also the role of professional social workers in rendering palliative medical care to patients of such organizations as well as their families. The respondents noticed multidimensionality of issues that patients of medical organizations of palliative care, as well as their families, come across. That is why they consider it necessary for psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, social workers as a part of in polyprofessional teams of specialists to take part in rendering this kind of care. The ability to provide complex medical social care to patients and their families; enjoyment of the rights to social welfare and support, skills of practical application of social work methods, organizing patients' care, interaction with social and other kinds of services, realizing complex of activities in within the framework of psychological pedagogical and social directions of rehabilitation and habilitation of patients are considered as the most important issues of performance of social work specialists in medical organizations of palliative medical care.

Proliferation and local manifestations of oxidative stress in mucous membrane of the ileum in patients at early stages of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome.

Activation of proliferative processes (Ki-67 proliferation index) and local oxidative stress was found in biopsy material from the mucosa of the large intestine of patients at the early stages of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome on days 5-10 after disease onset. Analysis of data of rectosigmoidoscopy and clinical examination refl ected the presence of colitis. It can be suggested that activation of proliferation is typically associated with local oxidative stress during various pathological processes.

[The butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of the boreal forests in southeastern Russia. II. Light coniferous forests].

Species groupings formed in dark coniferous forests of southeastern Russia are analyzed by the example of butterflies. The species and chorological composition of these groupings are discussed. Classification analysis of species checklists for twelve local faunas is given. It is indicated that the applicability of a single faunistic category to all the dark coniferous forests of the studied region is doubtful.

[Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) in boreal forests of southeastern Russia: 1. Light coniferous forests].

Species groups formed in light coniferous forests prevailing in southeastern Russia are considered using the example of butterflies. Problems concerning the formation of species composition and its originality in some insects groups are discussed. A classification analysis of species checklists for twelve local faunas of Transbaikalia and the southern Russian Far East is performed. It is shown that the faunas of areas occupied by light coniferous forests have a common background.

[Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) in the high-mountain southeastern Russia].

Groups of butterfly species established under high-mountain conditions in the southeastern Russia were described. The role of species with different distribution including arctic-alpine and alpine ones typical of these conditions in the species composition was considered. Fifteen local faunas inhabiting the areas of Buryatia, Chita, Amur, and Sakhalin Regions, and Khabarovsk and Maritime Territories were taxonomically analyzed. The common faunistic background was found in the mountains of the Mongolian-South-Siberian and East-Siberian provinces, while only some elements of the high-mountain fauna were observed at individual elevations of the South-Okhotsk province.

[Medical social care in family planning].

Basic pattern of medical social work, including its main directions and objects, methods and forms are considered. Necessity of adoption of medical social work in functioning of institutions of family planning is validated. Groups of clients as objects of medical social work are considered. Content, forms and methods of medical social work in family planning institutions differentiated depending on particular client group is analyzed.

[Attitude of students to health and healthy life-style].

Results of sociological survey of attitude of academic first-year students to health and healthy life-style are presented. Concurrence of respondents' opinions with used in scientific literature notions "health and healthy life-style" is established. Respondents emphasized significance of dependence of health from such most vital medical social factors as bad habits, nutrition characteristics and passing leisure. Respondents expressed their opinions about means of health promotion, need of preventive check-ups, importance of being informed on issues of health maintenance. Need to include courses on healthy life-style into academic curriculum is emphasized.

Differential gene expression in HIV/SIV-associated and spontaneous lymphomas.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more prevalent and more often fatal in HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected monkeys compared to immune-competent individuals. Molecular, biological, and immunological data indicate that virus-associated lymphomagenesis is similar in both infected hosts. To find genes specifically overexpressed in HIV/SIV-associated and non-HIV/SIV-associated DLBCL we compared gene expression profiles of HIV/SIV-related and non-HIV-related lymphomas using subtractive hybridization and Northern blot analysis. Our experimental approach allowed us to detect two genes (a-myb and pub) upregulated solely in HIV/SIV-associated DLBCLs potentially involved in virus-specific lymphomagenesis in human and monkey. Downregulation of the pub gene was observed in all non-HIV-associated lymphomas investigated. In addition, we have found genes upregulated in both non-HIV- and HIV-associated lymphomas. Among those were genes both with known (set, ND4, SMG-1) and unknown functions. In summary, we have demonstrated that simultaneous transcriptional upregulation of at least two genes (a-myb and pub) was specific for AIDS-associated lymphomas.

[Use of checkpoints method in medico-social and organization studies].

The method of checkpoints proposed by authors is proposed to be used in practice. Economic and rational features of this technique of static handling and data collection make it advisable to apply.

[Analysis of expression of a series of lymphoma-specific genes in human fibroblasts immortalized by SV40 virus]. / Analiz ékspressii riada limfomospetsificheskikh genov v immortalizovannykh virusom SV40 fibroblastakh chelovaka.

Subtraction hybridization was earlier used to obtain cDNA clones corresponding to human genes upregulated in HIV-associated centroblast lymphoma (CL) as compared with HIV-associated immunoblast lymphoma (IL). With inverse subtraction hybridization, clones were isolated that correspond to genes upregulated in IL compared with CL. In addition to cDNAs characterized earlier, the resulting clones contained several (seven CL-specific and three IL-specific) sequences with unknown functions. To identify the lymphoma-specific genes that are overexpressed in early carcinogenesis, Northern blotting was used to assess the level of gene transcription in two human fibroblast lines and in their derivatives immortalized with either a temperature-sensitive mutant of SV-40 or with pSV3neo carrying the SV-40 A gene, considering the latter as a model of early cell malignant transformation. Increased expression in at least one immortalized line compared with normal fibroblasts was observed for set, a-myb, ND1, ND2, ND4 (NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1, 2, and 4), COX2, COX3 (cytochrome-c-oxidase subunits 2 and 3), KIAA0129, and the gene corresponding to cDNA hss2-1-7-10. High expression of these genes was assumed to be associated not only with lymphomogenesis, but also with early transformation (immortalization) of other, nonlymphoid cells. Expression of the calpain gene and the gene corresponding to cDNA hss2-2-9-5 proved to be lower in immortalized than in normal fibroblasts. This was considered indicative of an alternative mechanism of fibroblast transformation or of different processes regulating the expression of these genes in early and late carcinogenesis.

[Comparative economic and clinical effectiveness of setegis and camiren in therapy of chronic prostatitis]. / Sravnitel'naia ekonomicheskaia i klinicheskaia effektivnost' primeneniia setegisa i kamirena pri lechenii khronicheskogo prostatita.

The drugs setegis 2 mg, camiren 2 mg, were used in the investigation designed to study economic and clinical effectiveness of employment of alpha-blockers for treating chronic prostatitis, with the expediency of the above therapeutic modality having been corraborated by the findings secured. Objective control of the treatments administered necessitates studying the time-related changes in indices for the amount of the residual urine and volume of the prostate. Economic expediency has been shown of use of camiren 2 mg, an alpha-blocker, of the KRKA firm, which fact was validated by a lower cost of the drug at the retail market of Ukraine compared to setegis 2 mg.

[Comparative pharmacologic economic efficacy of alpha-adrenoblockers produced by different manufacturing firms for the management of chronic prostatitis]. / Sravitel'naia farmakoékonomicheskaia éffektivnost' alpha-adrenoblokatorov razlichnykh firm proizvoditelei pri lechenii khronicheskogo prostatita.

The article is devoted to the study of pharmacoeconomic efficiency of use of alpha-blockers for treating chronic prostatitis. Setegis 2 mg, cardura 2 mg, magurol 2 mg were employed in the study. Expediency is proved of employment of alpha-blockers in a complex treatment of chronic prostatitis. No clinically significant advantages have been revealed in a comparative evaluation of drugs produced by different firms of manufacturers in treatment of chronic prostatitis. Revealed in the study was economic expediency of making use of the EGIS firm alpha-blocker (Setegis 2 mg), which fact is accounted for by a lower comparative cost of the drug in the retail market of Ukraine and by its identical, in fact, clinical effectiveness.