[RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL WORK IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (REVIEW OF DISSERTATIONS)].

The development of social work in the field of health protection (medical and social work) largely depends on the ongoing scientific research on this topic. The review presents an analysis of dissertations, which demonstrate research on various aspects of medical and social work as a professional activity. The analyzed studies cover a 25-year period from the beginning of the first dissertation work in this area. Dissertations were carried out within the framework of medical, sociological and pedagogical sciences, it is based on the interdisciplinary approach in the formation of the modern system of social work in the Russian Federation.

[The medical social work with individuals of elderly and senile age with total loss of teeth].

The article substantiates the necessity in applying the complex approach to handle medical social problems of patients in elderly and senile age suffering of complete absence of teeth conditions the relevance of developing medical and social work with this contingent. In the complex management of patients receiving dental orthopedic care, professional social workers apply medical, psychological, pedagogical and social measures targeted to maintain their actual health. It is demonstrated that such activities can be implemented within the framework of wide network of social service organizations in cooperation with dentists.

[The sociological research methods in practice of medical social work].

The specificity of medical and social work as professional activity targeted to restoring, preserving and promoting population health determines related focus of research practice and interdisciplinary nature of research. In accordance with purpose of medical and social work, specificity of emerging research practice is related to the fact that comprehensive assistance in maintaining and promoting population health implies the presence in activities of social worker medical and social profile of psychological, pedagogical, legal, technological and research competence. The article also applies the concept of "professional social worker involved in the provision of medical and social assistance to the population." This concept has following meaning: these are citizens who work in the positions of "social worker" and "specialist in social work" in medical organizations and social service organizations of population, who have job function related to restoring, maintaining and improving population health in general, social and in particular social and medical services. Therefore, content of the problem field, choice of areas of scientific support is concerned to each of these aspects of activity and associated social reflection. The article presents the results of theoretical study of the role of sociological methods in implementation of medical and social work.

[The opinion of physicians about activities of professional social workers in organizations rendering palliative medical care].

The development of palliative medical care in Russia that according to the Federal Law of 06.03.2019 № 18-FZ "Introduction of amendments to the Federal Law "The basic principles of medical care in Russian Federation" in the matter of rendering palliative medical care" is assigned to social service institutions, requires optimizing mechanism of intersectoral cooperation, including cooperation between medical organizations of palliative care and social welfare institutions and also between medical personnel and experts of other specialization who participate in providing this kind of assistance, as well as professional social workers. The article presents findings of research, dedicated to evaluation of level of awareness that doctors in medical organizations of palliative care have on professional social work and also the role of professional social workers in rendering palliative medical care to patients of such organizations as well as their families. The respondents noticed multidimensionality of issues that patients of medical organizations of palliative care, as well as their families, come across. That is why they consider it necessary for psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, social workers as a part of in polyprofessional teams of specialists to take part in rendering this kind of care. The ability to provide complex medical social care to patients and their families; enjoyment of the rights to social welfare and support, skills of practical application of social work methods, organizing patients' care, interaction with social and other kinds of services, realizing complex of activities in within the framework of psychological pedagogical and social directions of rehabilitation and habilitation of patients are considered as the most important issues of performance of social work specialists in medical organizations of palliative medical care.

[Medical social care in family planning].

Basic pattern of medical social work, including its main directions and objects, methods and forms are considered. Necessity of adoption of medical social work in functioning of institutions of family planning is validated. Groups of clients as objects of medical social work are considered. Content, forms and methods of medical social work in family planning institutions differentiated depending on particular client group is analyzed.

[Attitude of students to health and healthy life-style].

Results of sociological survey of attitude of academic first-year students to health and healthy life-style are presented. Concurrence of respondents' opinions with used in scientific literature notions "health and healthy life-style" is established. Respondents emphasized significance of dependence of health from such most vital medical social factors as bad habits, nutrition characteristics and passing leisure. Respondents expressed their opinions about means of health promotion, need of preventive check-ups, importance of being informed on issues of health maintenance. Need to include courses on healthy life-style into academic curriculum is emphasized.

Differential gene expression in HIV/SIV-associated and spontaneous lymphomas.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is more prevalent and more often fatal in HIV-infected patients and SIV-infected monkeys compared to immune-competent individuals. Molecular, biological, and immunological data indicate that virus-associated lymphomagenesis is similar in both infected hosts. To find genes specifically overexpressed in HIV/SIV-associated and non-HIV/SIV-associated DLBCL we compared gene expression profiles of HIV/SIV-related and non-HIV-related lymphomas using subtractive hybridization and Northern blot analysis. Our experimental approach allowed us to detect two genes (a-myb and pub) upregulated solely in HIV/SIV-associated DLBCLs potentially involved in virus-specific lymphomagenesis in human and monkey. Downregulation of the pub gene was observed in all non-HIV-associated lymphomas investigated. In addition, we have found genes upregulated in both non-HIV- and HIV-associated lymphomas. Among those were genes both with known (set, ND4, SMG-1) and unknown functions. In summary, we have demonstrated that simultaneous transcriptional upregulation of at least two genes (a-myb and pub) was specific for AIDS-associated lymphomas.

[Use of checkpoints method in medico-social and organization studies].

The method of checkpoints proposed by authors is proposed to be used in practice. Economic and rational features of this technique of static handling and data collection make it advisable to apply.

[Analysis of expression of a series of lymphoma-specific genes in human fibroblasts immortalized by SV40 virus]. / Analiz ékspressii riada limfomospetsificheskikh genov v immortalizovannykh virusom SV40 fibroblastakh chelovaka.

Subtraction hybridization was earlier used to obtain cDNA clones corresponding to human genes upregulated in HIV-associated centroblast lymphoma (CL) as compared with HIV-associated immunoblast lymphoma (IL). With inverse subtraction hybridization, clones were isolated that correspond to genes upregulated in IL compared with CL. In addition to cDNAs characterized earlier, the resulting clones contained several (seven CL-specific and three IL-specific) sequences with unknown functions. To identify the lymphoma-specific genes that are overexpressed in early carcinogenesis, Northern blotting was used to assess the level of gene transcription in two human fibroblast lines and in their derivatives immortalized with either a temperature-sensitive mutant of SV-40 or with pSV3neo carrying the SV-40 A gene, considering the latter as a model of early cell malignant transformation. Increased expression in at least one immortalized line compared with normal fibroblasts was observed for set, a-myb, ND1, ND2, ND4 (NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1, 2, and 4), COX2, COX3 (cytochrome-c-oxidase subunits 2 and 3), KIAA0129, and the gene corresponding to cDNA hss2-1-7-10. High expression of these genes was assumed to be associated not only with lymphomogenesis, but also with early transformation (immortalization) of other, nonlymphoid cells. Expression of the calpain gene and the gene corresponding to cDNA hss2-2-9-5 proved to be lower in immortalized than in normal fibroblasts. This was considered indicative of an alternative mechanism of fibroblast transformation or of different processes regulating the expression of these genes in early and late carcinogenesis.

[Comparative economic and clinical effectiveness of setegis and camiren in therapy of chronic prostatitis]. / Sravnitel'naia ekonomicheskaia i klinicheskaia effektivnost' primeneniia setegisa i kamirena pri lechenii khronicheskogo prostatita.

The drugs setegis 2 mg, camiren 2 mg, were used in the investigation designed to study economic and clinical effectiveness of employment of alpha-blockers for treating chronic prostatitis, with the expediency of the above therapeutic modality having been corraborated by the findings secured. Objective control of the treatments administered necessitates studying the time-related changes in indices for the amount of the residual urine and volume of the prostate. Economic expediency has been shown of use of camiren 2 mg, an alpha-blocker, of the KRKA firm, which fact was validated by a lower cost of the drug at the retail market of Ukraine compared to setegis 2 mg.

[Comparative pharmacologic economic efficacy of alpha-adrenoblockers produced by different manufacturing firms for the management of chronic prostatitis]. / Sravitel'naia farmakoékonomicheskaia éffektivnost' alpha-adrenoblokatorov razlichnykh firm proizvoditelei pri lechenii khronicheskogo prostatita.

The article is devoted to the study of pharmacoeconomic efficiency of use of alpha-blockers for treating chronic prostatitis. Setegis 2 mg, cardura 2 mg, magurol 2 mg were employed in the study. Expediency is proved of employment of alpha-blockers in a complex treatment of chronic prostatitis. No clinically significant advantages have been revealed in a comparative evaluation of drugs produced by different firms of manufacturers in treatment of chronic prostatitis. Revealed in the study was economic expediency of making use of the EGIS firm alpha-blocker (Setegis 2 mg), which fact is accounted for by a lower comparative cost of the drug in the retail market of Ukraine and by its identical, in fact, clinical effectiveness.

[Strategy for the introduction of medications employed in delivering medical care to patients with sexually transmitted infections into the retail market]. / Strategiia vykhoda na roznichnyi rynok lekarstvennykh sredstv, primeniaemykh pri okazanii pomoshchi bol'nym s infektsiiami, peredaiushchimisia polovym putem.

Tha article is devoted to the development of strategy for entering the retail market of those medications intended for medical care delivery to patients with infections caught by sexual intercourse or genital contact. The use of the proposed strategy permits the optimization of the structure of necessary expenditures on material resources and enables one to successfully compete in the market of medications winning one's share in the market from competitors.

[Public relations in institutions and establishments of the health administration system]. / Pablik rileishnz v deiatel'nosti organov i uchrezhdenii sistemy zdravookhraneniia.

The article is dedicated to development of directions and specific functions of the health system bodies/institutions public relations (PR) activities. Priorities are set forth depending on the form of property thereof. A complex use of approaches toward carrying out of PR activities permits optimizing work both within the system itself and relations with the society as a whole.

[Amplification of transcription of separate mitochondrial genes in human and monkey B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. / Usilenie transkriptsii otdel'nykh mitokhondrial'nykh genov v B-kletochnykh nekhodzhkinskikh limfomakh cheloveka i obez'iany.

Mitochondrial genes that are overexpressed in human and monkey B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs) were sought via subtraction hybridization, cloning, and differential screening of the resulting cDNA libraries. The cDNAs of mitochondrial genes made an appreciable proportion of all lymphoma-specific cDNAs. Lymphomogenesis was associated with overexpression of a mitochondrial gene set which varied with lymphoma type and always included NADHIV. A possible association between overexpression of certain mitochondrial genes and cell malignant transformation is discussed.

[Market of medical services provided to patients with sexually transmitted diseases]. / Rynok m3editsinskikh uslug bol'nym s infektsiiami, peredaiushchimisia polovym putem.

Data are presented from an investigation designed to study market of medical services delivered to patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD). A model of the purchaser's behaviour of consumers of medical services is developed, decisive factors affecting the choice of a medical institution when applying for a profile medical advice are determined. Submitted in the paper is also an algorythm of analysis of expediency of segmentation of market of medical services delivered to STD patients. The most optimal principles of market segmentation include the following--economic (solvency), territorial (place of residence), social (belonging to one or another stratum of society).

[The principles of the dissemination of information on sexually transmitted infections and on the drugs used in delivering medical care]. / Printsipy rasprostraneniia informatsii ob infektsiiakh, peredaiushchikhsia polovym putem, i lekarstvennykh sredstvakh, primeniaemykh pri okazanii meditsinskoi pomoshchi.

An analysis is submitted of the problem of dissemination of information about infections caught by sexual intercourse or genital contact and about medication used in the treatment of this kind of pathology. The main principles are worked out of dissemination of medical information among different subjects who are interested in dissemination and securing information highlighting different aspects of the above problem. The presented approaches toward formation of information related to the problem of sexually transmitted infections permit harmonizing the interests of different subjects of the drug market and of the market of medical care to be delivered to patients presenting with the above kind of pathology.

[Patients with sexually transmitted diseases and the physicians delivering care as elements in the medical services market]. / Bol'nye s infektsiiami, peredaiushchikisia polovym putem, i vrachi, okazyvaiushchie pomoshch', kak élementy rynka meditsinskikh uslug.

The article focuses on the cost of medical services delivered to patients presenting with infections transmitted by direct contact as by sexual intercourse (STI). Both physicians' and patients' incomes were studied as were patterns of expenditure in everyday life. The rough level of expenditure on the delivery of health care from the standpoint of physicians is estimated, the patients displaying readiness to bear the above expenses.

[The costs of the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, their complications and drug therapy]. / Stoimost' diagnostiki infektsii, peredaiushchikhsia polovym putem, ikh oslozhenii i medikamentoznoi terapii.

The article focuses on the cost of diagnosis and treatment of a number of disorders and complications thereof regarded nowadays as infections transmitted by sexual intercourse. The cost of diagnostic services and of treatment of infections transmitted by sexual intercourse (ITSI) has been determined, which fact, we believe, will help both practitioners and health institutions delivering relevant services to ITSI patients in gaining a better understanding of the corresponding situation.

[The characteristics of the attitude to disease of people with venereal diseases]. / Osobennosti otnosheniia k bolezni lits s venericheskimi zabolevaniiami.

The article focuses on psychological aspects of spread of venereal diseases, such as accentuation and types of the patients' attitude towards illness. Patterns have been studied of types of accentuation and types of attitude towards illness in men and women. Psychological features as risk factors for venereal diseases are characterized together with results of treatment. The conducted investigation permits elaborating a system of psychocorrection and psychorehabilitation of patients with venereal diseases.

[Main approaches toward analysis of economic efficiency of medicamentous therapy of sexually-transmitted infections]. / Osnovnye podkhody k analizu ékonomicheskoi éffektivnosti medikamentoznoi terapii infektsii, peredaiushchikhsia polovym putem.

The article focuses on those problems related to the assessment of economic efficiency of medicamentous therapy of those infections caught by sexual intercourse. The chief components are described a reference to which is essential in carrying out an analysis of the economic efficiency of the treatments administered. The basic factors for optimum ways of performing analysis of the treatment from the standpoint of its economic efficiency are determined.