ABSTRACT
With a history tracing back to at least the 18th century and a substantial global influence on various breeds, Polish Arabian horse population is of paramount importance for both breeders and conservationists. However, its genetic makeup and the population dynamics are still not well understood. This study presents an analysis of the modern Polish Arabian horse population using pedigree data, focusing on the breed's genetic diversity and population structure. Our analysis encompassed 1 498 individuals defined as the reference population (RP) and their 11 065 ancestors, which resulted in the dataset of 12 254 individuals (total population). We traced their genealogy to assess inbreeding coefficients (F), founder effects, and genetic variability measures such as the effective number of founders (fe), ancestors (fa), or founder genome equivalents (fge). The results indicated a good pedigree quality with an average of 28.1 maximum traced generations, revealing high pedigree completeness for initial generations with a decline beyond the seventh generation. The genetic diversity parameters showed a considerable bottleneck effect, with an effective number of founders at 73, which reflects a substantial loss of genetic diversity over time. Despite the vast total number of founders (852), only a few have had a lasting impact on the current population, signaling the need for revised breeding strategies to maintain diversity. The study identified a slight but consistent rise in inbreeding over the last century, with a marginal recent decline, and a significant difference in the contribution of various founders. The average F was 5.8%, with 99.6% of the reference population being inbred. The analysis of effective population size (Ne) highlighted potential risks for genetic diversity, urging for revision of breeding goals to consider a wider array of founder lineages. The study indicated that stallions belonging to RP can be attributed to 15 distinct sirelines, whereas mares to 45 unique damlines, more than considered in the current breeding program (8 and 15, respectively). Conclusively, the study underlines the need for ongoing monitoring and strategic breeding to maintain and enhance the genetic diversity of Polish Arabians, considering the breed's historical significance and contemporary genetic challenges.
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Inbreeding , Pedigree , Animals , Horses/genetics , Poland , Male , Female , Breeding , Founder Effect , Genetics, Population , Population DynamicsABSTRACT
Echocardiographic examination of the phase structure of the cardiac cycle was studied in 41 patients with hypertensive disease (stage II) and 37 patients with the hypertensive variant of chronic glomerulonephritis. The authors revealed a certain characterization of blood filling of the left cardiac ventricle at different phases of diastole in these patients. Thus, in patients with hypertensive disease diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle is compensated by an increase of the volume of blood filling during the phase of slow filling and systole phase of the left atrium while in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis compensation occurs mainly due to increased contribution of the blood filling at the systole phase of the left atrium.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis/physiopathology , Heart/physiopathology , Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Adult , Chronic Disease , Echocardiography , Female , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Hemodynamics , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
A study was made of peroxidation of lipids of erythrocytic biomembranes in 42 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis: 23 patients with the urinary syndrome and 19 with the nephrotic syndrome. Activation of free radical lipid oxidation was shown in both groups of patients; it was especially marked in the group with the nephrotic syndrome. Three degrees of the activity of a renal process were defined on the basis of difference in the concentration of secondary peroxidation products in concrete patients. Correlation between lipid peroxidation indices and expression of proteinuria and leukocyturia was established.
