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1.
Eur J Radiol ; 82(8): 1231-5, 2013 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23540948

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate an objective method for ultrasonographic (US) subcategorization of BI-RADS(®)-US 4 breast masses based on clear and simple rules in order for woman to benefit from a more complete and homogeneous breast mass analysis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we selected 330 women, with 339 US breast masses, classified as BI-RADS(®)-US 4. Three physicians experienced in breast imaging independently reviewed all US images, assessing mass shape, margins, orientation, echo texture and vascularity. These experts further subdivided the masses into subcategories 4a, 4b and 4c, according to simple US rules. Inter-observer agreement was calculated for US features categories and for final subcategory assessment. We also estimated the positive predictive value (PPV) for BI-RADS(®)-US subcategories 4a, 4b and 4c assigned by each of the three observers. RESULTS: Pathological examination of all masses confirmed 144 (42%) malignant and 195 (58%) benign tumors. Moderate agreement was obtained for mass shape, margins, vascularity and for final BI-RADS(®)-US 4 subcategory. Substantial agreement was obtained for the description of mass orientation and echo texture. The PPV for subcategories 4a, 4b and 4c were, 17%, 45% and 85%, respectively, for the first observer and 20%, 38% and 79% and 17%, 40% and 85% for the other two observers. CONCLUSION: Standardization of a US subcategorization of BI-RADS(®)-US 4 breast masses seems to be feasible, with substantial inter-observer agreement and progressive increase in the PPV in the subcategories 4a, 4b and 4c, provided that clear and simple classification rules are defined.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Ultrasonography/methods , Ultrasonography/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Image Enhancement/methods , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
2.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 35(1): 33-8, 2013 Jan.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23338551

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To create longitudinal reference intervals for pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical (UA), middle cerebral (MCA), uterine (UtA) arteries and ductus venosus (DV) in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS: A longitudinal observational study performed from February 2010 to May 2012. Low risk pregnancies were scanned fortnightly from 18 to 40 weeks for the measurements of PI of the UA, MCA, DV and UtA. Linear mixed models were used for the elaboration of longitudinal reference intervals (5th, 50th and 95th percentiles) of these measurements. PI obtained for the placental and abdominal portions of the umbilical artery were compared by the t-test for independent samples. Two-sided p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients underwent 1,242 scans. There was significant decrease in PI values of all vessels studied with gestational age (GA). From the 18(th) to the 40(th) week of pregnancy, the median PI values of UA (abdominal and placental ends of the cord), MCA, DV and the mean PI of the UtA ranged from 1.19 to 0.74, 1.33 to 0.78, 1.56 to 1.39, 0.58 to 0.41, and 0.98 to 0.66, respectively. The following equations were obtained for the prediction of the medians: PI-UA=1.5602786 - (0.020623 x GA); Logarithm of the PI-MCA=0.8149111 - (0.004168 x GA) - [0.02543 x (GA - 28.7756)²]; Logarithm of the PI-DV=-0.26691- (0.015414 x GA); PI-UtA = 1.2362403 - (0.014392 x GA). There was a significant difference between the PI-UA obtained at the abdominal and placental ends of the umbilical cord (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal reference intervals for the main gestational Doppler parameters were obtained in a Brazilian cohort. These intervals could be more adequate for the follow-up of maternal-fetal hemodynamic modifications in normal and abnormal pregnancies, a fact that still requires further validation.


Subject(s)
Middle Cerebral Artery/diagnostic imaging , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiology , Pulsatile Flow , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Umbilical Arteries/diagnostic imaging , Umbilical Arteries/physiology , Uterine Artery/diagnostic imaging , Uterine Artery/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Female , Fetus , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Young Adult
3.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 35(1): 33-38, jan. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662706

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Criar intervalos de referência longitudinais para os valores de índices de pulsatilidade (IP) dos fluxos nas artérias umbilicais (AU), cerebral média (ACM) e uterinas (AUt) e IP venoso do fluxo no ducto venoso (DV) com uma amostra da população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional longitudinal realizado de fevereiro de 2010 a maio de 2012. Gestantes de baixo risco foram submetidas a exames ultrassonográficos quinzenais da 18ª a 40ª semana para obtenção dos IP das AU, AUt, ACM e IP venoso do DV. Modelos lineares mistos foram usados para elaboração de intervalos de referência longitudinais (percentis 5, 50 e 95) dos IP dos vasos mencionados. Os IP das porções placentária e abdominal do cordão umbilical foram comparados por meio do teste t de amostras independentes. Valores de p bilaterais menores do que 0,05 foram considerados significativos. RESULTADOS: Cento e sessenta e quatro gestantes foram submetidas a 1.242 exames ultrassonográficos. Houve redução significativa nos valores de todos esses parâmetros com o avançar da IG. Entre a 18ª e a 40ª semana de gravidez, as medianas de IP da AU (porções abdominal e placentária do cordão), da ACM, do DV e do IP médio das AUt variaram de 1,19 a 0,74; 1,33 a 0,78; 1,56 a 1,39; 0,58 a 0,41; e 0,98 a 0,66, respectivamente. As equações obtidas para predição das medianas foram: IP-AU=1,5602786 - (0,020623 x IG); Logaritmo do IP-ACM=0,8149111 - (0,004168 x IG) - [0,002543 x (IG - 28,7756)²]; Logaritmo do IP-DV=-0,26691- (0,015414 x IG); IP-AUt=1,2362403 - (0,014392 x IG). Houve diferença significativa entre os IP-AU obtidos nas extremidades placentária e abdominal fetal (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Foram estabelecidos intervalos de referência longitudinais dos parâmetros doplervelocimétricos gestacionais mais importantes em uma amostra da população brasileira. Estes podem ser mais adequados para o acompanhamento das modificações hemodinâmicas materno-fetais em gestações normais ou não, o que ainda requer validação futura.


PURPOSE: To create longitudinal reference intervals for pulsatility index (PI) of the umbilical (UA), middle cerebral (MCA), uterine (UtA) arteries and ductus venosus (DV) in a Brazilian cohort. METHODS: A longitudinal observational study performed from February 2010 to May 2012. Low risk pregnancies were scanned fortnightly from 18 to 40 weeks for the measurements of PI of the UA, MCA, DV and UtA. Linear mixed models were used for the elaboration of longitudinal reference intervals (5th, 50th and 95th percentiles) of these measurements. PI obtained for the placental and abdominal portions of the umbilical artery were compared by the t-test for independent samples. Two-sided p values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 164 patients underwent 1,242 scans. There was significant decrease in PI values of all vessels studied with gestational age (GA). From the 18th to the 40th week of pregnancy, the median PI values of UA (abdominal and placental ends of the cord), MCA, DV and the mean PI of the UtA ranged from 1.19 to 0.74, 1.33 to 0.78, 1.56 to 1.39, 0.58 to 0.41, and 0.98 to 0.66, respectively. The following equations were obtained for the prediction of the medians: PI-UA=1.5602786 - (0.020623 x GA); Logarithm of the PI-MCA=0.8149111 - (0.004168 x GA) - [0.02543 x (GA - 28.7756)²]; Logarithm of the PI-DV=-0.26691- (0.015414 x GA); PI-UtA = 1.2362403 - (0.014392 x GA). There was a significant difference between the PI-UA obtained at the abdominal and placental ends of the umbilical cord (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal reference intervals for the main gestational Doppler parameters were obtained in a Brazilian cohort. These intervals could be more adequate for the follow-up of maternal-fetal hemodynamic modifications in normal and abnormal pregnancies, a fact that still requires further validation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Middle Cerebral Artery/physiology , Middle Cerebral Artery , Pulsatile Flow , Ultrasonography, Doppler , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Umbilical Arteries/physiology , Umbilical Arteries , Uterine Artery/physiology , Uterine Artery , Brazil , Fetus , Longitudinal Studies , Reference Values
4.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 34(10): 466-472, out. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660882

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Elaborar modelos de predição de peso fetal e de percentis longitudinais de peso fetal estimado (PFE) com uma amostra da população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional prospectivo. Dois grupos de gestantes foram recrutados: Grupo EPF (estimativa de peso fetal): pacientes para elaboração (EPF-El) e validação (EPF-Val) de um modelo de predição de peso fetal; Grupo IRL (intervalos de referência longitudinais): gestantes para elaboração (IRL-El) e validação (IRL-Val) de intervalos de referência longitudinais de PFE. Regressão polinomial foi utilizada com os dados do subgrupo EPF-El para gerar o modelo de predição de peso fetal. O desempenho deste modelo foi comparado com os de outros disponíveis na literatura. Modelos lineares mistos foram usados para elaboração de intervalos longitudinais de PFE com os dados do subgrupo IRL-El. Os dados do subgrupo IRL-Val foram usados para validação destes intervalos. RESULTADOS: Quatrocentos e cinqüenta e oito pacientes compuseram o Grupo EPF (EPF-El: 367; EPF-Val: 91) e 315 o Grupo IRL (IRL-El: 265; IRL-Val: 50). A fórmula para cálculo do PFE foi: PFE=-8,277+2,146xDBPxCAxCF-2,449xCFxDBP². Os desempenhos de outras fórmulas para estimativa de peso fetal em nossa amostra foram significativamente piores do que os do modelo gerado neste estudo. Equações para predição de percentis condicionais de PFE foram derivadas das avaliações longitudinais do subgrupo IRL-El e validadas com os dados do subgrupo IRL-Val. CONCLUSÕES: descrevemos um método para adaptação de intervalos de referência longitudinais de PFE, sendo este obtido por meio de fórmulas geradas em uma amostra da população brasileira.


PURPOSES: To elaborate models for the estimation of fetal weight and longitudinal reference intervals of estimated fetal weight (EFW) using a sample of the Brazilian population. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Two groups of patients were evaluated: Group EFW (estimation of fetal weight): to elaborate (EFW-El) and validate (EFW-Val) a model for the prediction of fetal weight; Group LRI (longitudinal reference intervals): To elaborate (LRI-El) and validate (LRF-Val) conditional (longitudinal) percentiles of EFW. Polynomial regression analysis was applied to the data from subgroup EFW-El to elaborate a model for the estimation of fetal weight. The performance of this model was compared to those of previously published formulas. Linear mixed models were used for the elaboration of longitudinal reference intervals of EFW using data from subgroup LRI-El. Data obtained from subgroup LRI-Val were used to validate these intervals. RESULTS: Group EFW consisted of 458 patients (EFW-El: 367; EFW-Val: 91) and Group LRI consisted of 315 patients (LRI-El: 265; LRI-Val: 50). The model obtained for EFW was: EFW=-8.277+2.146xBPDxACxFL-2.449xFLxBPD². The performances of other models were significantly worse than those obtained with our formula. Equations for the prediction of conditional percentiles of EFW were derived from the longitudinal observation of patients of subgroup LRI-El and validated with data from subgroup LRI-Val. CONCLUSIONS: We described a method for customization of longitudinal reference intervals of EFW obtained using formulas generated from a sample of the Brazilian population.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Fetal Weight , Brazil , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data , Models, Statistical , Prospective Studies , Reference Values
5.
Radiol. bras ; 45(3): 149-154, maio-jun. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-640279

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a densidade mamográfica de mulheres menopausadas, assintomáticas, correlacionando com dados clínicos e ultrassonográficos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, as mamografias e os dados clínicos e ultrassonográficos de 238 pacientes assintomáticas, no período entre fevereiro de 2002 e junho de 2006. As variáveis analisadas foram: padrões de densidade mamográfica, achados ultrassonográficos, idade, paridade, índice de massa corporal e uso de terapia de reposição hormonal. RESULTADOS: Idade, paridade e índice de massa corporal apresentaram relação inversa com os padrões de densidade mamográfica, enquanto o uso de terapia de reposição hormonal apresentou relação direta. Foram realizados exames ultrassonográficos complementares em 103 (43,2%) pacientes, sendo constatadas alterações em 34 (33%) delas. Os nódulos ultrassonográficos foram mais frequentes nas mulheres com padrões mamários 3 e 4 e sem expressão mamográfica. CONCLUSÃO: Concluímos que os padrões mamográficos de densidade foram influenciados pela idade, índice de massa corporal, paridade e tempo de uso de terapia de reposição hormonal. Apesar de não termos encontrado alterações malignas nos casos estudados, evidenciamos alterações ultrassonográficas benignas nas mulheres com padrões mamários de alta densidade e que apresentaram mamografias sem alterações, demonstrando a importância da ultrassonografia complementar para a detecção de lesões mamárias nessas pacientes.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate mammographic breast density in asymptomatic menopausal women in correlation with clinical and sonographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammograms and clinical and sonographic findings of 238 asymptomatic patients were retrospectively reviewed in the period from February/2022 to June/2006. The following variables were analyzed: mammographic density patterns, sonographic findings, patients' age, parity, body mass index and use of hormone replacement therapy. RESULTS: Age, parity and body mass index showed a negative correlation with breast density pattern, while use of hormone replacement therapy showed a positive correlation. Supplementary breast ultrasonography was performed in 103 (43.2%) patients. Alterations which could not be visualized at mammography were found in 34 (33%) of them, most frequently in women with breast density patterns 3 and 4. CONCLUSION: The authors concluded that breast density patterns were influenced by age, parity, body mass index and time of hormone replacement therapy. Despite not having found any malignant abnormality in the studied cases, the authors have observed a predominance of benign sonographic abnormalities in women with high breast density patterns and without mammographic abnormalities, proving the relevance of supplementary ultrasonography to identify breast lesions in such patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Menopause , Breast/anatomy & histology , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adipose Tissue , Estrogens , Mammography , Medical Records , Progesterone , Ultrasonography, Mammary
6.
J Ultrasound Med ; 31(4): 581-7, 2012 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22441915

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess whether cyst diameter might contribute to the prediction of malignancy in complex breast masses. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we identified 48 breast masses that had sonographic features suggestive of benign breast lesions (oval shape, circumscribed margins, parallel axis, and abrupt limits). However, these masses were classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 4 because of the presence of at least 1 cyst (complex echogenicity). All breast masses were biopsied (25 core needle and 23 core needle and excision). Subsequent histologic analysis was performed, and 12 malignancies (25%) were identified. Mammographic features were reviewed. Different sonographic measurements (largest diameters of the mass and cyst and vascular pattern) were assessed for the detection of malignancy. RESULTS: Among the sonographic features, the vascular pattern, ie, the detection of blood flow (present in the lesion [P >.99] or present immediately adjacent to the lesion [P = .46]), was not associated with malignancy, whereas the largest mass and cyst dimensions had significantly positive correlations (P = .02; P < .001, respectively) with tumor malignancy. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the point with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity corresponded to a maximum cyst diameter of 8 mm (sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 86%). The positive and negative predictive values at that cutoff point were 61% and 86%, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.772. In this study, all masses with cysts smaller than 3 mm in diameter (7 cases) were benign, and all masses with cysts larger than 13 mm in diameter (4 cases) were malignant. CONCLUSIONS: Cyst diameter is a good predictor of malignancy in complex breast masses, which, except for the presence of internal cysts, would be otherwise classified as BI-RADS category 3.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Cysts/epidemiology , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Ultrasonography, Mammary/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity
7.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 34(10): 466-72, 2012 Oct.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23288224

ABSTRACT

PURPOSES: To elaborate models for the estimation of fetal weight and longitudinal reference intervals of estimated fetal weight (EFW) using a sample of the Brazilian population. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Two groups of patients were evaluated: Group EFW (estimation of fetal weight): to elaborate (EFW-El) and validate (EFW-Val) a model for the prediction of fetal weight; Group LRI (longitudinal reference intervals): To elaborate (LRI-El) and validate (LRF-Val) conditional (longitudinal) percentiles of EFW. Polynomial regression analysis was applied to the data from subgroup EFW-El to elaborate a model for the estimation of fetal weight. The performance of this model was compared to those of previously published formulas. Linear mixed models were used for the elaboration of longitudinal reference intervals of EFW using data from subgroup LRI-El. Data obtained from subgroup LRI-Val were used to validate these intervals. RESULTS: Group EFW consisted of 458 patients (EFW-El: 367; EFW-Val: 91) and Group LRI consisted of 315 patients (LRI-El: 265; LRI-Val: 50). The model obtained for EFW was: EFW=-8.277+2.146xBPDxACxFL-2.449xFLxBPD². The performances of other models were significantly worse than those obtained with our formula. Equations for the prediction of conditional percentiles of EFW were derived from the longitudinal observation of patients of subgroup LRI-El and validated with data from subgroup LRI-Val. CONCLUSIONS: We described a method for customization of longitudinal reference intervals of EFW obtained using formulas generated from a sample of the Brazilian population.


Subject(s)
Fetal Weight , Adult , Body Weights and Measures/methods , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Female , Humans , Models, Statistical , Pregnancy , Prospective Studies , Reference Values
8.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 32(2): 94-98, fev. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-540260

ABSTRACT

As gestações gemelares monoamnióticas são muito raras, mas estão associadas a elevadas morbidade e mortalidade fetais. Há várias controvérsias em relação ao seguimento e conduta obstétrica diante do diagnóstico pré-natal de entrelaçamento de cordões umbilicais. Neste artigo, descrevemos um caso de gestação monoamniótica com diagnóstico de cordões entrelaçados e discutimos aspectos relacionados ao seguimento e à conduta por meio de uma breve revisão da literatura.


Monoamniotic twin pregnancies are very rare, but they are associated with high fetal morbidity and mortality. There is much controversy regarding the follow-up and obstetric procedures towards prenatal diagnosis of intertwined umbilical cords. In this article, we describe a case of monoamniotic pregnancy with diagnosis of intertwined umbilical cords, and we discuss aspects related to the follow-up and obstetric procedures through a brief literature review.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Fetal Death , Pregnancy Complications , Twins, Monozygotic , Umbilical Cord
9.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 31(11): 540-546, nov. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-536042

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: verificar a associação entre sinais ultrassonográficos durante a gestação e evoluções pós-natais em casos de fetos com uropatias obstrutivas bilaterais, acompanhados de forma expectante. MÉTODOS: fetos com uropatias obstrutivas bilaterais apresentando oligoâmnio grave e tórax estreito foram comparados a fetos com uropatias obstrutivas bilaterais que não desenvolveram estas alterações com relação à presença ou ausência de cistos em ambos os rins e à presença ou ausência de hiperecogenicidade de parênquima em ambos os rins. Casos em que houve óbito do neonato foram comparados com aqueles em que o neonato teve alta do berçário em relação aos mesmos aspectos ecográficos renais acima citados, à presença de oligoâmnio grave e de tórax estreito. A sensibilidade, a especificidade, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo da presença de cistos renais bilaterais, hiperecogenicidade renal bilateral, oligoâmnio grave e tórax fetal estreito para óbito do neonato foram calculados. RESULTADOS: o oligoâmnio grave e o tórax estreito foram mais frequentes (p=0,03; p<0,001) nos fetos que tiveram cistos renais bilaterais quando comparados àqueles com parênquimas renais ecograficamente normais. O óbito neonatal foi mais frequente entre os casos que tiveram oligoâmnio grave (p<0,001), tórax estreito (p<0,001) e cistos renais bilaterais (p<0,002) quando respectivamente comparados aos casos sem essas alterações. Os melhores valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo para óbito do neonato/lactente foram obtidos com o uso do aspecto ecográfico tórax estreito, tendo sido de 81,8, 100, 100 e 79,3 por cento, respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Em casos de fetos com uropatias obstrutivas bilaterais acompanhados de forma expectante, os sinais ultrassonográficos mais associados ao mau prognóstico são o oligoâmnio grave, o tórax fetal estreito e a presença de cistos renais bilaterais.


PURPOSE: to verify the association between ultrasonographic signs during gestation and post-delivery evolution in fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies, followed up in an expectant way. METHODS: fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies presenting severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax have been compared with fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies without those alterations, concerning the presence or absence of cysts in both kidneys, and the presence or absence of parenchymal hyperechogenicity in both kidneys. Cases of neonatal death were compared with cases of neonatal discharge from the nursery, regarding the same renal echographic aspects mentioned above, the presence of severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the presence of bilateral renal cysts, bilateral renal hyperechogenicity, severe oligoamnios and narrow fetal thorax for the neonatal death were calculated. RESULTS: severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax were more frequent (p=0.03; p<0.001) in fetuses with bilateral renal cysts, as compared to those with echographically normal renal parenchyma. Neonatal death was more frequent among cases with severe oligoamnios (p<0.001), narrow thorax (p<0.001) and bilateral renal cysts (p<0.002), when respectively compared with cases without those alterations. The best values of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the death of neonatal/breastfeeding infants were obtained using the echographic aspect of narrow thorax, and were 81.8, 100, 100 and 79.3 percent, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: in cases of fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies followed up in an expectant way, the ultrasonographic signs more associated to bad prognosis are severe oligoamnios, narrow fetal thorax and presence of bilateral renal cysts.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Ureteral Obstruction , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
10.
Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet ; 31(11): 540-6, 2009 Nov.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20084324

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to verify the association between ultrasonographic signs during gestation and post-delivery evolution in fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies, followed up in an expectant way. METHODS: fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies presenting severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax have been compared with fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies without those alterations, concerning the presence or absence of cysts in both kidneys, and the presence or absence of parenchymal hyperechogenicity in both kidneys. Cases of neonatal death were compared with cases of neonatal discharge from the nursery, regarding the same renal echographic aspects mentioned above, the presence of severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the presence of bilateral renal cysts, bilateral renal hyperechogenicity, severe oligoamnios and narrow fetal thorax for the neonatal death were calculated. RESULTS: severe oligoamnios and narrow thorax were more frequent (p=0.03; p<0.001) in fetuses with bilateral renal cysts, as compared to those with echographically normal renal parenchyma. Neonatal death was more frequent among cases with severe oligoamnios (p<0.001), narrow thorax (p<0.001) and bilateral renal cysts (p<0.002), when respectively compared with cases without those alterations. The best values of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for the death of neonatal/breastfeeding infants were obtained using the echographic aspect of narrow thorax, and were 81.8, 100, 100 and 79.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: in cases of fetuses with bilateral obstructive uropathies followed up in an expectant way, the ultrasonographic signs more associated to bad prognosis are severe oligoamnios, narrow fetal thorax and presence of bilateral renal cysts.


Subject(s)
Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Ureteral Obstruction/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Retrospective Studies , Young Adult
11.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; 87(3): 286-91, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18307067

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of the cross-sectional area and diameter of the umbilical cord, and the area of Wharton's jelly (WJ), to predict abnormalities in estimated fetal weight (EFW) in 20-40 week, low-risk pregnancies. METHODS: A validation study was performed in 1,828 pregnant women. Fetal weight was estimated by ultrasonography and classified as: small for gestational age (SGA), appropriate for gestational age (AGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) according to the 10th and 90th percentiles of the reference curve. Measurements of the parameters of the cord were used to classify it as thin, normal or thick using the 10th and 90th percentiles of the reference curves as limits. The capacity of the diameter and total area of the cord and the area of WJ to predict abnormal EFW was calculated for different gestational ages. RESULTS: The capacity of the diameter of thin cords to predict SGA fetuses (S =8.3%, PPV =16.5%) or thick cords to predict LGA fetuses (S =5.5%, PPV =30.1) was weak, similar to the capacity of the area of the umbilical cord to predict SGA (S =8.3%; PPV =16.3%) or LGA fetuses (S =5.5%; PPV =27.8%). The capacity of the area of WJ to predict SGA fetuses (S =5.7%, PPV =11.7%) was similar to its capacity to predict LGA fetuses (S =4%, PPV =27.1%). CONCLUSION: Despite the correlation between the diameter and cross-sectional area of the cord and EFW, these measurements were not found to be useful in predicting alterations in EFW and should not be used for this purpose.


Subject(s)
Fetal Weight/physiology , Ultrasonography, Prenatal/standards , Umbilical Cord/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Fetus , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Small for Gestational Age/physiology , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Reference Values , Sensitivity and Specificity , Umbilical Cord/anatomy & histology
12.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand ; 86(5): 547-52, 2007.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17464582

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To evaluate changes in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) in low-risk pregnant women before and after physical activity in water. METHODS: This was a prospective trial with a before-after approach. Women carried out moderate physical activity for 50 min, 3 times a week, while partially immersed in a swimming pool at 30 degrees C. Women with 2 or more previous cesarean sections, with a high-risk pregnancy or medical contra-indications for physical activity were excluded. They were evaluated weekly by ultrasonography, from 20 weeks of pregnancy until delivery, to evaluate AFI before and after physical activity in water. A second observer also performed the AFI measurements, in order to establish inter-observer variability. Analysis was performed using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon tests. The linear correlation coefficient was used to assess inter-observer variability. RESULTS: A total of 25 pregnant women, 19-36 years of age, participated in the study between May 2003 and December 2004. A total of 232 ultrasonographic evaluations of AFI were carried out, a mean of 9.28 examinations per woman. Statistically significant increases in AFI were found following immersion at almost every week of pregnancy. The increase in AFI post-immersion compared to pre-immersion values ranged from 8.8 to 21.5%. There was good inter-observer agreement. The correlation coefficient for the inter-observer variability was 0.78 for pre-immersion measurements, and 0.70 for post-immersion measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity in water appears to significantly increase AFI. Since this is a non-invasive therapy, we speculate that its clinical application may have significant value.


Subject(s)
Amniotic Fluid/physiology , Exercise/physiology , Pregnancy/physiology , Swimming , Adult , Amniotic Fluid/diagnostic imaging , Female , Humans , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
14.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 52(3): 176-81, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16847525

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the correlations between the sonographic features of the ovarian masses and the histological diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective study which involved 404 female subjects who had developed 446 ovarian masses was carried out. Patients who had been submitted to surgery due to uni or bilateral ovarian tumors were included and those presenting with an ectopic pregnancy or pelvic inflammatory process were excluded. Data from the patients' medical charts provided the information needed for a detailed study of the following variables: larger diameter, external borders and texture of the sonographic masses. This collected data was correlated to post surgery pathology diagnoses. The magnitude of the associations between pathology diagnoses and sonographic morphologic findings where estimated by the Odds Ratio with its respective confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS: In their majority, masses were benign tumors (88.1%). Malign masses corresponded to 9.4 % of the total and only 2.5% were borderline. Patients' ages ranged from 13 to 63 years (with an average of 39.1). Regarding the irregular and poorly delimited borders of the masses, the odds ratio for malignancy was of 17.8. After analyses of the sonographic texture the odds ratio of complex texture masses proved to be extremely high (38.6). The anechoic masses with thickened septa had an odds ratio of 35.6, while that of the solid masses was of 15.5. CONCLUSION: Sonographic analyses of adnexal tumors having more than 7 cm of diameter, irregular and poorly delimited external borders, presenting complex or anechoic textures with thickened septa or solid mass are highly suggestive of malignancy.


Subject(s)
Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
15.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 52(3): 176-181, maio-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-431175

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar a correlação entre as características ultra-sonográficas dos tumores ovarianos e seu respectivo diagnóstico histológico. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 404 mulheres portadoras de 446 tumores ovarianos. Foram selecionadas as pacientes submetidas a cirurgia por apresentarem tumoração ovariana uni ou bilateral, excluindo-se as pacientes com gravidez ectópica ou processo inflamatório pélvico. Utilizando-se os dados dos prontuários, foram estudadas as variáveis: maior diâmetro, contorno e textura ultra-sonográfica dos processos expansivos, correlacionando-os com o diagnóstico histológico após cirurgia. A magnitude da associação entre o diagnóstico histológico e os critérios morfológicos ecográficos foi estimada por meio de odds ratio e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de tumores benignos (88,1 por cento) sobre os tumores malignos (9,4 por cento) e os borderline (2,5 por cento). A faixa etária das pacientes à época do diagnóstico do tumor variou de 13 a 63 anos, com média de 39,1 anos. Em relação ao contorno do tumor, a chance de risco, ou seja, o odds ratio para malignidade, para contorno irregular e mal delimitado foi 17,8. Analisando a textura ultra-sonográfica, constatou-se que o odds ratio para malignidade foi extremamente alto para os tumores de textura complexa (38,6), seguido pelos tumores de textura anecóica com septos espessados (35,6) e pelos tumores sólidos (15,5). CONCLUSÃO: A análise ultra-sonográfica de uma tumoração ovariana com mais de 7 cm de diâmetro, de contorno irregular e mal delimitado, com textura complexa ou anecóica com septos espessados ou sólida são fatores altamente sugestivos de malignidade.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/ultrastructure , Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
16.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 27(9): 534-540, set. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421915

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o desempenho de diversas características ultra-sonográficas morfológicas (12) e doplervelocimétricas (7), para detecção de metástases linfonodais em mulheres com câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 179 mulheres (181 axilas), entre janeiro e dezembro de 2004. Os exames ultra-sonográficos foram realizados com transdutor linear em tempo real (Toshiba-Power Vision-6000 (modelo SSA-370A)). Para o estudo de parâmetros morfológicos foram utilizadas freqüências entre 7,5 e 12 MHz. Para os parâmetros Doppler foi utilizada freqüência de 5 MHz. Subsequentemente, as pacientes foram submetidas a axilectomia dos níveis I, II e III (158) ou à técnica do linfonodo sentinela (23). Foram calculadas a sensibilidade, a especificidade e os valores preditivos positivo e negativo para cada parâmetro. Para a associação de parâmetros foi utilizada a árvore de decisão. Foram estabelecidos os valores de corte para as variáveis contínuas por meio da curva ROC. RESULTADOS: ao exame ultra-sonográfico foi identificado pelo menos um linfonodo axilar em 173 (96 por cento) exames. O exame histológico detectou metástase linfonodal em 87 mulheres (48 por cento). As melhores sensibilidades dos critérios morfológicos foram encontradas com o volume (62 por cento), diâmetro ântero-posterior (62 por cento) e local do centro ecogênico (56 por cento). Embora a especificidade da invasão da gordura adjacente (100 por cento), regularidade das margens (92 por cento) e da ecotextura do parênquima (99 por cento) tenham sido elevadas, a sensibilidade destes parâmetros foi muito baixa. Nenhum critério dopplervelocimétrico alcançou 50 por cento de sensibilidade. A árvore de decisão selecionou a localização do centro ecogênico, a ecotextura do parênquima e a regularidade das margens como melhor associação de parâmetros. CONCLUSAO: o estadiamento dos linfonodos axilares por método não invasivo ainda é um objetivo não alcançado no tratamento das pacientes com câncer de mama


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Axilla/pathology , Breast Neoplasms
17.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 25(9): 639-646, out. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-352875

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associaçäo entre a variaçäo do índice de líquido amniótico (ILA) de acordo com a idade gestacional e variáveis sócio-demográficas e obstétricas em gravidezes de baixo risco. Método: estudo comparativo incluindo 2.868 mulheres com gravidez de baixo risco que foram avaliadas com exame ultra-sonográfico obstétrico de rotina, incluindo a biometria fetal e a medida do ILA. O exame foi realizado entre a 20ª e a 42ª semana de idade gestacional. Os dados foram analisados com o uso do teste t de Student, da análise de variância do ILA em funçäo da idade gestacional e demais variáveis de controle, e também por análise de regressäo linear múltipla. Resultados: näo houve variaçäo significativa quando se avaliaram isoladamente os valores médios do ILA ao longo da idade gestacional em relaçäo com a idade materna, cor, escolaridade, hábito de fumar, paridade e presença de cicatriz de cesárea, nem quando a avaliaçäo foi conjunta por análise multivariada. Nesta situaçäo apenas a idade gestacional mostrou-se associada com a diminuiçäo do ILA. De maneira geral, os valores médios de ILA mantiveram-se, em todas situações avaliadas, entre a 20a e a 36a semana, com flutuações entre 140 e 180 mm, apresentando valores abaixo de 140 mm em queda progressiva após este limite de idade gestacional. Conclusões: o ILA näo sofreu alterações significativas em relaçäo às variáveis sócio-demográficas e obstétricas estudadas, durante a gestaçäo


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Ultrasonography, Prenatal , Gestational Age , Amniotic Fluid , Social Conditions , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 23(10): 659-665, nov.-dez. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-344058

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: avaliar os resultados perinatais do exame de dopplervelocimetria alterado com centralizaçäo de fluxo sangüíneo fetal. Metodologia: foram analisados 32 casos de centralizaçäo de fluxo sangüíneo fetal diagnosticados no Centro de Atençäo Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O diagnóstico de centralizaçäo foi confirmado quando a relaçäo entre o índice de pulsatilidade da artéria cerebral média fetal (IPACM) e o índice de pulsatilidade da artéria umbilical (IPAU) era menor que a unidade (IPACM/IPAU menor que 1). Detectou-se fluxo arterial usando equipamento ultra-sonográfico equipado com mapeamento em cores, marca Toshiba, modelo SSH-140A. Resultados: houve necessidade de cuidados intensivos em 26 fetos (89,6 por cento). O número de dias de internaçäo em unidade de terapia intensiva variou de 1 a 83, com média de 22 dias. A ocorrência de óbito fetal foi de 3/32 (9,4 por cento) e de óbito perinatal de 9/29 (31 por cento). Considerando-se a idade gestacional avaliada pelo método de Capurro, a incidência de nascimento de fetos com menos de 36 semanas foi de 21/32 (65,6 por cento). Crescimento intra-uterino restrito ocorreu em 71,8 por cento dos fetos e hipoglicemia em 44,8 por cento. Conclusäo: a centralizaçäo de fluxo sangüíneo é um marcador de situaçäo danosa ao bem-estar fetal e seu estudo será de grande valia na orientaçäo da conduta obstétrica


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Blood Flow Velocity , Perinatal Care , Doppler Effect , Fetus/abnormalities
19.
Cad. saúde pública ; 16(4): 1083-90, out.-dez. 2000. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-282489

ABSTRACT

Teve por objetivo avaliar a evoluçäo do peso fetal estimado em gestaçöes normais de 20 a 42 semanas. Quanto ao desenho e métodos empregados na pesquisa, realizou-se estudo descritivo de um universo constituído por 2.874 gestantes normais da cidade de Campinas, efetuando-se exame ultra-songráfico obstétrico de rotina com medida da biometria fetal e utilizando-se, para o cálculo do peso fetal, a fórmula de Hadlock et al. (1991). Calcularam-se os valores dos percentis 10, 50 e 90 do peso fetal, por idade gestacional, com construçäo de curva posteriormente alisada mediante ajuste polinomial de 2§ grau. Como resultado, obteve-se que o valor do percentil 50 foi de 368 gramas na 20ª semana, 1.512 gramas na 30ª semana, atingindo 3.417 gramas na 42ª semana. Constatou-se ter havido ganho médio de 200 gramas de peso por semana, de 27 a 38 semanas, a partir de quando o incremento diminuiu. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade de curva brasileira do peso fetal estimado normal permitirá o diagnóstico pré-natal de seus desvios pela ultra-sonografia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Fetal Weight , Ultrasonography
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