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3.
J Thromb Haemost ; 4(11): 2331-9, 2006 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17059470

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Protein C inhibitor (PCI) plays a role in multiple biological processes including fertilization, coagulation, fibrinolysis and kinin systems. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that PCI participates in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. To demonstrate this, we compared the development of pulmonary hypertension in mice overexpressing PCI in the lung with wild-type (WT) mice. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by s.c. injection of 600 mg kg-1 of monocrotaline weekly for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Right ventricular arterial pressure was significantly increased in monocrotaline-treated WT mice compared with that in monocrotaline-treated transgenic mice. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of thrombin-antithrombin complex, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and platelet-derived growth factor, and the plasma level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly increased in monocrotaline-treated WT mice as compared with monocrotaline-treated PCI transgenic mice. Increased level of PCI-thrombin complex was detected in BALF from monocrotaline-treated PCI transgenic mice as compared with saline-treated PCI transgenic mice. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that increased expression of PCI in the lung is protective against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension, suggesting a potential beneficial effect of PCI for the therapy of this disease.


Subject(s)
Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Monocrotaline/toxicity , Protein C Inhibitor/metabolism , Animals , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics , Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Lung/metabolism , Lung/pathology , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Monocrotaline/pharmacology , Protein C Inhibitor/genetics , Protein C Inhibitor/therapeutic use , Thrombin/metabolism
4.
Eur Respir J ; 20(1): 52-8, 2002 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12166581

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodelling and the changes in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) during low-dose nitric oxide (NO) inhalation. Rats were exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (air at 50.5 kPa (380 mmHg), 10% oxygen, for 5-29 days) to induce chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) with pulmonary vascular structural changes. After the chronic hypoxic exposure, the rats had an indwelling pulmonary artery catheter inserted and changes in mPAP with NO were correlated to morphometrical analysis of pulmonary vascular changes. All concentrations of inhaled NO (0.1-2.0 parts per million) reduced mPAP with a similar per cent reduction from baseline mPAP in PH rats, while no changes were observed in control rats. During NO inhalation in PH rats, the absolute value of the decrease in mPAP, but not per cent reduction in mPAP, significantly correlated with baseline mPAP, the percentage of muscularised arteries at the alveolar wall level and at the alveolar duct level, and the per cent medial wall thickness of muscularised arteries. In the chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension model, the severity of pulmonary vascular remodelling did not alter the reactivity of the pulmonary arteries to nitric oxide and might, in part, determine the magnitude of nitric-oxide induced absolute reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure.


Subject(s)
Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Bronchodilator Agents/pharmacology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Hypoxia/complications , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Nitric Oxide/pharmacology , Pulmonary Artery/drug effects , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Administration, Inhalation , Animals , Aorta/drug effects , Aorta/pathology , Aorta/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology , Hypoxia/pathology , Male , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects , Pulmonary Circulation/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Severity of Illness Index
5.
Acta Otolaryngol ; 121(7): 803-7, 2001 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11718242

ABSTRACT

The effects of lidocaine on basilar membrane (BM) vibration and compound action potential (CAP) were studied in guinea pigs in order to elucidate the site of lidocaine action in the cochlea. BM vibration was measured with a laser Doppler vibrometer through an opening made in the lateral bony wall of the scala tympani at the basal turn. Ten min after local administration of lidocaine (250 microg) into the scala tympani, the velocity of BM vibration and the CAP amplitude decreased significantly at around the characteristic frequency of the stimulus sound (p < 0.05). The maximum decreases were 4 dB in the velocity of the BM vibration and 40 dB in the CAP amplitude. In contrast, such changes were not observed after i.v. injection of lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that when lidocaine is administered locally in the cochlea it acts not only on the cochlear nerve but also on the outer hair cells.


Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/pharmacology , Basilar Membrane/drug effects , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Vibration , Administration, Topical , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage , Animals , Audiometry, Evoked Response , Cochlea/drug effects , Guinea Pigs , Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/drug effects , Sound
6.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem ; 65(7): 1504-10, 2001 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11515532

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus oryzae has been reported to form conidia with multinuclei. In order to analyze nuclei in living cells, we developed an expression system of the A. nidutans histone H2B protein tagged by EGFP (H2B::EGFP). In both A. oryzae niaD300 and A. nidulans FGSC89 transformants expressing H2B::EGFP, fluorescence was detected in nuclear regions of hyphae and conidia. While a conidium contained only one fluorescent spot in the A. nidulans transformant, approximately 66% of conidia had two, 24% had one, and 10% had three or more in the A. oryzae transformant. The conidia expressing H2B::EGFP were put through FACS (fluorescence-activated cell sorting) analysis and two sharp peaks, corresponding to one and two nuclei in each conidium, were noted in the A. oryzae transformant. In addition, the A. oryzae uninucleate conidia that were successfully isolated by FACS reproduced conidia with almost the same number distribution of nuclei as that of the original. Conidia of five A. oryzae strains used in sake brewing were scored for the number of nuclei, showing that a varied number of nuclei existed in each conidium and some strains had a small number of uninucleate conidia.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus oryzae/ultrastructure , Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure , Alcoholic Beverages/microbiology , Aspergillus nidulans/genetics , Aspergillus nidulans/growth & development , Aspergillus nidulans/ultrastructure , Aspergillus oryzae/genetics , Aspergillus oryzae/growth & development , Fermentation , Flow Cytometry , Food Microbiology , Gene Expression , Green Fluorescent Proteins , Histones/genetics , Luminescent Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics , Transformation, Genetic
7.
Hypertens Res ; 23(6): 607-12, 2000 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11131273

ABSTRACT

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of an ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, and a calcium antagonist, nitrendipine, on urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and renal function in mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria. After the 4-week drug-free period, 17 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The first group (group 1: n=8) received lisinopril 10-20 mg daily for 8 weeks followed by nitrendipine 5-10 mg daily for another 8 weeks. The second group (group 2: n=9) received nitrendipine 5-10 mg daily for 8 weeks followed by lisinopril 10-20 mg daily for another 8 weeks. The mean blood pressure (MBP) significantly decreased in a similar manner in both groups. UAE significantly decreased after 8 weeks of treatment with lisinopril in group 1 and after 8 weeks of subsequent treatment with lisinopril in group 2. On the other hand, UAE was not altered by treatment with nitrendipine. The changes in UAE were significantly correlated with changes in MBP after 8 weeks of treatment with nitrendipine, but not after 8 weeks of treatment with lisinopril. No significant changes in creatinine clearance, urinary excretion of sodium or urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide were observed by any treatment in either group. These results suggest that lisinopril, not nitrendipine, reduces UAE in essential hypertensive patients with microalbuminuria independently of its effective antihypertensive properties.


Subject(s)
Albuminuria/urine , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use , Hypertension/physiopathology , Hypertension/urine , Kidney/physiopathology , Lisinopril/therapeutic use , Nitrendipine/therapeutic use , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Female , Humans , Kidney/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index
8.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 279(3): H1239-47, 2000 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10993790

ABSTRACT

In stressful conditions, baroreflex vagal bradycardia (BVB) is often suppressed while blood pressure is increased. To address the role of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL), a principal source of sympathetic tone, in inhibition of BVB, we microinjected DL-homocysteic acid (DLH, 6 nmol) into the RVL of chloralose-urethan-anesthetized, sinoaortic-denervated rats to examine the effect on BVB. The BVB was provoked by electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve ipsilateral to the injection sites. DLH microinjection was found to suppress BVB while increasing blood pressure. The inhibition of BVB was observed even during the early phase in which DLH transiently suppressed central inspiratory activity. The inhibition was not affected either by upper spinal cord transection or suprapontine decerebration. Similar results were obtained by microinjection of bicuculline methiodide (160 pmol), a GABA antagonist, into the RVL of carotid sinus nerve-preserved rats due to withdrawal of a tonic GABA-mediated, inhibitory influence including the input from arterial baroreceptors. In conclusion, activation of the RVL inhibits BVB at brain stem level independently of central inspiratory drive.


Subject(s)
Baroreflex/physiology , Bicuculline/analogs & derivatives , Bradycardia/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Vagus Nerve/physiology , Animals , Aorta/innervation , Baroreflex/drug effects , Bicuculline/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Sinus/innervation , Carotid Sinus/physiology , Decerebrate State , Electric Stimulation , GABA-A Receptor Antagonists , Heart Rate/physiology , Homocysteine/administration & dosage , Homocysteine/analogs & derivatives , Male , Medulla Oblongata/drug effects , Microinjections , Phrenic Nerve/physiology , Raphe Nuclei/drug effects , Raphe Nuclei/physiology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Spinal Cord Injuries
9.
Eur Respir J ; 15(2): 400-6, 2000 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10706511

ABSTRACT

Natriuretic peptides (NPs), such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), and adrenomedullin (ADM), are endogenous vasodilators acting via specific receptors. This study addressed the question of how pulmonary artery (PA) responses to these peptides and the gene expression of their receptors are modulated in pulmonary hypertension rat models exposed to chronic hypoxia. In this study, isometric tension was measured in PA rings exposed to these NPs and 8-bromoguanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP). It was compared with messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of NP-A and -B receptors, which bind to ANP and CNP, respectively, as determined by ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay. Chronic hypoxia increased the maximal relaxation elicited by ANP, but the responses to CNP and 8-bromo-cGMP were unchanged. Chronic hypoxia did not change NP-A and -B receptor mRNA levels. The results showed that pulmonary artery response to atrial natriuretic peptide is selectively enhanced, possibly via a post-transcriptional modulation of its receptor in chronically hypoxia rats. These pharmacological characteristics of atrial natriuretic peptide are consistent with the hypothesis that the atrial natriuretic peptide system is protective against the progression of pulmonary hypertension.


Subject(s)
Atrial Natriuretic Factor/pharmacology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Hypoxia/metabolism , Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type/pharmacology , Peptides/pharmacology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Adrenomedullin , Animals , Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Hypoxia/physiopathology , Male , Pulmonary Artery/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Up-Regulation , Vasodilation/physiology
10.
J Biosci Bioeng ; 90(1): 118-20, 2000.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16232829

ABSTRACT

Pre-S2 is a diagnostically important antigen of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). In order to produce pre-S2 antigen in Aspergillus oryzae, the gene [pre-S2]3, which encodes a tandemly triplicated repeat of pre-S2 polypeptides was fused with the partial glaA gene encoding glucoamylase lacking the starch-binding domain. In submerged culture, A. oryzae transformants carrying glaA-[pre-S2]3 secreted a heterogeneously glycosylated form of the fusion protein that was partially degraded. Contrarily, utilization of a wheat brain solid-state culture system resulted in the secretion of a homogeneous glycosylated form of the whole fusion protein. This is the first report of a dissimilarity in glycosylated modification between submerged and solid-state culture conditions in heterologous protein production in A. oryzae.

11.
Math Biosci ; 161(1-2): 43-63, 1999 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10546440

ABSTRACT

We consider the optimal strategy for intra-specific brood-parasitism, especially with respect to the number of eggs laid by the parasitic individual in the nest of non-parasitic individual, in particular, a host that does not reject the parasite's eggs. With a fundamental mathematical model, assuming that the survival probability of the parasite's offspring in the nest of the host is significantly smaller than that in parasite's own nest, we determine the optimal number of eggs laid in the nest of host that maximizes the expected reproductive fitness of the parasite. We show that the invasion success of brood-parasitism could significantly depend on the total number of eggs laid by the parasite in a breeding season, and that the successfully invading brood-parasitism could realize maximum fitness with a specific number of parasite's eggs laid in the nest of the host.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Birds/growth & development , Models, Biological , Nesting Behavior , Animals , Female , Host-Parasite Interactions
12.
Eur Respir J ; 13(3): 622-5, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10232437

ABSTRACT

In chronic exercise-trained animals, acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release is enhanced in the systemic circulation. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether chronic exercise training also enhances NO-mediated relaxation in rat pulmonary artery. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups of exercise-trained and sedentary control rats. The exercise-trained rats ran on a motor-driven treadmill at 30 m x min(-1) up a 15 degree incline 10-60 min x day(-1), 5 days per week for 10 weeks, and had less body weight, lower serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than sedentary rats. Contraction induced by potassium chloride and prostaglandin (PG)F2alpha were similar between isolated conduit pulmonary arterial rings from sedentary and exercise-trained rats. There were no differences between PGF2alpha-precontracted rings from sedentary and exercise trained rats in both ACh and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations. The NO synthase inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine, suppressed ACh-induced relaxation in both sedentary and exercise-trained rats. These results suggested chronic exercise training did not alter the acetylcholine-induced endothelial NO production and release and the sensitivity of vascular smooth muscle cell to NO in isolated conduit pulmonary artery of rat.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Pulmonary Artery/drug effects , Vasodilation/drug effects , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Cardiomegaly/physiopathology , Culture Techniques , Dinoprost/pharmacology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Potassium Chloride/pharmacology , Pulmonary Artery/physiology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sensitivity and Specificity , Vasodilation/physiology
13.
Burns ; 25(3): 272-6, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10323615

ABSTRACT

A retrospective study of bath-related burn injuries was carried out at our institution. A total of 216 patients with burns were admitted between 1982 and 1996. Bath-related burns were identified in 58 patients (26.9%). The number of patients with bath-related burns increased throughout the study period. The percentage body surface area burned was 43.8 +/- 25.7% in the bath-related burn group and 27.3 +/- 28.3% in the bath-unrelated burn group. This difference was significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to mortality rate. The mechanism by which the patients sustained a bath-related burn clearly differed according to age. The percentage of burns which are bath-related and the severity of bath-related burns are higher in Japan than in any other country. This can be attributed to lifestyle, bathing systems, bathroom architecture, housing conditions and an increase in the elderly population. These burns can be prevented. Education based on this study will play a critical role in the prevention of the bath-related burn injuries.


Subject(s)
Baths/adverse effects , Burns/epidemiology , Burns/etiology , Hot Temperature/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Burns/prevention & control , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Injury Severity Score , Japan/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Survival Rate
14.
J Appl Physiol (1985) ; 86(5): 1687-95, 1999 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10233136

ABSTRACT

We determined the role of an endothelium-derived contracting factor in the impaired relaxation response to ACh of conduit pulmonary arteries (PAs) isolated from rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH). A PGH2/thromboxane A2 (TxA2)-receptor antagonist (ONO-3708) partially restored the impairment of ACh-induced relaxation, whereas TxA2 synthase inhibitors (OKY-046 and CV-4151) did not affect the impaired relaxation in phenylephrine-precontracted hypertensive PAs. Endothelium-denuded hypertensive PA rings showed no difference in the response to ACh between preparations with and without ONO-3708. In both endothelium-denuded control and hypertensive PAs, exogenous PGH2 induced contractions, and the magnitude of the contractions was greater in the control than in hypoxic PH preparations. An endothelin A-receptor antagonist (BQ-485), an endothelin B-receptor antagonist (BQ-788), and a superoxide anion scavenger (superoxide dismutase) did not restore the impaired response to ACh in hypertensive PAs. These findings suggest that PGH2 produced from the conduit PAs of rats with chronic hypoxic PH may be the endothelium-derived contracting factor responsible for the impairment of ACh-mediated vasorelaxation.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Endothelins/pharmacology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism , Hypoxia/metabolism , Animals , Body Weight/physiology , Endothelin Receptor Antagonists , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Free Radical Scavengers/pharmacology , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/physiopathology , Male , Muscle Relaxation/drug effects , Prostaglandins H/metabolism , Pulmonary Artery/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptor, Endothelin A , Receptor, Endothelin B , Receptors, Prostaglandin/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Thromboxane/antagonists & inhibitors , Receptors, Thromboxane A2, Prostaglandin H2 , Thromboxane-A Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
15.
Math Biosci ; 156(1-2): 315-38, 1999 Mar 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10204400

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider an aspect of the intra-specific brood-parasitism with a mathematical modelling. As in case of moorhen Gallinula chloropus, the case dealt with in this paper in such that just a part of the whole population has the parasitising behaviour against the individuals belonging to another part of non-parasite subpopulation that does not have such behaviour. Analysing the expected fitness gain from the brood-parasitism, we consider the condition in order that parasite individuals coexist with non-parasite ones within a population. From the mathematical modelling analysis, it is shown that the stable equilibrium frequency of parasite individuals within a population, if exists, depends on the difference among individuals in terms of the individual quality reflected to the survival probability of bred offsprings.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal , Birds/growth & development , Models, Biological , Nesting Behavior , Parasites , Animals , Eggs , Female , Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted
16.
Burns ; 24(6): 581-3, 1998 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9776102

ABSTRACT

A 50-year-old woman was admitted to our critical care center after pouring lamp oil on herself and setting herself on fire. Diagnosed with chronic hepatitis, she had received interferon-alpha at another hospital. During interferon therapy she developed anxiety, irritability, sleeplessness, and depression. At our hospital she underwent fluid resuscitation according to the method of Baxter. After treatment with topical cream and ointment, she underwent skin grafting. Interferon was not given. After discharge, wound healing proved satisfactory. She was intelligent and insightful, and her mental condition remained stable with no apparent emotional problems. As she had no significant past medical or psychiatric history and no history of substance abuse, we believe that her depression was a side effect of interferon therapy. A number of reports have described depression and other psychiatric disorders associated with interferon, but none of these accounts have concerned burns sustained in suicide attempts. This case underscores the potential seriousness of adverse reactions to interferon characterized by emotional disturbance and also illustrates that physicians who treat burn patients need to have an understanding of affective disorders and unusual side effects of medication.


Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Burns/etiology , Depression/chemically induced , Interferon-alpha/adverse effects , Suicide, Attempted , Burns/drug therapy , Burns/surgery , Depression/complications , Depression/psychology , Female , Fires , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatitis C/therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Ointments/therapeutic use , Self Mutilation/psychology , Skin Transplantation
17.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho ; 101(2): 236-42, 1998 Feb.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9545770

ABSTRACT

Results of surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma were investigated in 202 ears of 197 patients who had undergone surgery by the staged intact canal wall technique. Surgical procedures used in the second stage for prevention of a retraction pocket were classified into three types: Type S1, no scutumplasty; Type S2, scutumplasty; Type S3, scutumplasty plus mastoid obliteration. Recurrent cholesteatoma was found in 9 ears (4%) and retraction pocket in 47 ears (23%). They occurred between 2 and 120 months (average: 26 months) after the second stage, most frequently at 1 to 3 years. The incidence was higher after Type S3 surgery than after the other types, probably because the middle ear was severely involved in patients who were indicated Type S3 surgery. For prevention of a retraction pocket, bone putty and cartilage were proved to be appropriate materials for scutumplasty, and hydroxyapatite for mastoid obliteration. As the retraction pocket tended to recur in patients with the pocket at the second stage, these patients needed obliteration of the mastoid cavity to prevent a retraction pocket. Postoperative hearing was evaluated according to the criteria proposed by the Japan Society of Clinical Otology. Of 145 ears of the 142 patients who were followed for more than 1 year, 118 ears (81%) the surgery was judged successful. The success rate in hearing was in good accordance with the condition of the tympanic membrane.


Subject(s)
Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear/surgery , Tympanoplasty/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
18.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho ; 100(8): 831-8, 1997 Aug.
Article in Japanese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9293763

ABSTRACT

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to conventional X-ray tomography and CT scanning in detecting postoperative maxillary cysts (POMCs). We analyzed the MRI features of 51 cases (72 sides) and compared them with the operative findings of 42 cases (52 sides) of POMC. The total number of cysts diagnosed was 121. Multiple cysts were found in 37 sides (51%) and bilateral cysts were found in 21 cases (45%). According to classification of POMC based on location in the maxilla the central cysts were found in only 38% of all cysts (peripheral ones in 62%). In the 42 patients operated on, 69 of 83 cysts which had been detected by MRI were confirmed, whereas there were two additional cysts which could not be diagnosed preoperatively. Sixty four of 71 cysts were opened to the nasal cavity under endonasal endoscopic control. The other seven cysts (five sides) were operated on via a buccogingival incision. Detailed and accurate diagnosis by MRI and development of endoscopic instruments enabled endonasal surgery in most (91%) sides of the POMC. In five cysts of the superior type which are small isolated and distant from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, endoscopic endonasal surgery was not indicated. In conclusion, MRI for POMC was extremely helpful in selecting a surgical approach.


Subject(s)
Cysts/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Maxillary Diseases/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Cysts/surgery , Endoscopy , Humans , Maxillary Diseases/surgery , Postoperative Complications/surgery
19.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 20(8): 828-33, 1997 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9300125

ABSTRACT

Enzymatic hydrolyses were described for three variants of glycosidic conjugated bile acids with one beta-glucuronidase (Helix pomatia), three beta-glucosidase (almonds, sweet almonds, and Escherichia coli), and four beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (jack beans, bovine kidney, human placenta, and Diplococcus pneumoniae) preparations. The substrates include the beta-glucuronide, beta-glucoside, and beta-N-acetylglucosaminide conjugates of bile acids related to hyodeoxycholic, murideoxycholic, chenodeoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids possessing a sugar moiety at position C-3, C-6 or C-7. The comparative abilities and optimal conditions for the beta-glycosidases to catalyze the hydrolyses of the substrates were clarified by changing pHs and incubation times. Hydrolysis rates of the bile acid glycosides with beta-glycosidase treatments were influenced by both the source of the enzyme preparations and the conjugated position of a sugar moiety in the substrates, and the 3-glucoside and 3-N-acetylglucosaminide conjugates were usually hydrolyzed more efficiently than their corresponding 6- and 7-analogs. Escherichia coli and jack bean enzymes were chosen to hydrolyse the glucosidic and N-acetylglucosaminidic conjugated bile acids, respectively.


Subject(s)
Acetylglucosamine/analogs & derivatives , Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism , Glucosides/metabolism , Glucuronates/metabolism , beta-Glucosidase/metabolism , Acetylglucosamine/metabolism , Bile Acids and Salts/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Hydrolysis , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
20.
Am J Physiol ; 272(1 Pt 2): H517-24, 1997 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9038974

ABSTRACT

We determined whether vasodilator doses of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) prevented the progression of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and vascular changes in monocrotaline-induced PH. Short-term NO inhalation in rats 3 wk after the injection of monocrotaline reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) from 30.7 +/- 2.2 (SE) to 26.4 +/- 1.4 mmHg at 10 parts per million (ppm) and from 30.2 +/- 1.3 to 25.8 +/- 1.4 mmHg at 40 ppm. There were no differences among rats exposed to air only and rats exposed to 10 ppm of NO for 19 days after a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline, in mean PAP (34.3 +/- 1.9 mmHg air vs. 32.8 +/- 1.4 mmHg NO), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), medial wall thickness (MWT) of muscular arteries, and the percentage of muscularized arteries at alveolar wall (%AW) and duct (%AD) level. Additional groups exposed to air only and 40 ppm of NO for 19 days again showed no difference in mean PAP, RVH, MWT, and %AD, except that this dose slightly reduced %AW (60.6 +/- 3.4% air vs. 46.9 +/- 5.2% NO, P = 0.04). Urine nitrate (NO3) level was higher in rats that had inhaled NO. In contrast to chronic hypoxic PH, vasodilator doses of NO inhalation did not prevent the development of PH in this malignant form of experimental PH.


Subject(s)
Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced , Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control , Monocrotaline , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Administration, Inhalation , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Water/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Gases/blood , Lung/metabolism , Male , Nitrates/urine , Nitric Oxide/pharmacology , Pulmonary Artery/drug effects , Pulmonary Artery/pathology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sodium Chloride/pharmacology , Time Factors
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