Vulvar basal cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is the most prevalent skin cancer with favorable prognosis, and lymphatic or hematogenous metastases are quite rare. Here we report an uncommon case of vulvar BCC. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old woman with 5-year history of an asymptomatic lump on the right side of the vulva. The patient complained of progressive itching, pain, and color changes to brown for 3 months before visiting the clinic. Excisional biopsy revealed the lesion to be a BCC. After thorough negative metastasis work up the patient underwent a bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy and a wide local excision with a one-centimeter margin and final histology report confirmed the diagnosis of BCC. (HPV DNA and viral markers were negative, the bimanual exam was normal, both colposcopy and vaginoscopy were normal. There was no acetowhite lesion). CLINICAL DISCUSSION: To avoid delayed diagnosis, any persistent lesion even asymptomatic, in the vulvar region, especially when pigmented, irritating, or expanding in size, should be biopsied and investigated histologically, regardless of the patient's age. CONCLUSION: Any persistent lesion in the vulvar region, especially when pigmented, irritating, or expanding in size, should be biopsied and investigated histologically, regardless of the patient's age.

Risk of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Although several studies have evaluated the risk of gynecological cancers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), there are controversies regarding it. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of PCOS with endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases based on MESH terms using the combination of the appropriate keywords were searched to retrieve observational studies on endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers in PCOS women, published from inception to April 2020. This meta-analysis was performed to determine the pooled odds ratio (OR) of these cancers in women with PCOS. Publication bias was assessed by using Begg's test. Results: Of 1347 records retrieved by searching the databases, a total of 14 articles were included in the study. Overall, the pooled OR of the composite outcome, including endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancers in women with PCOS was higher than that of women with no PCOS (pooled OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0-1.9). The pooled OR of endometrial (pooled OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.03-4.7) and ovarian (pooled OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.8) cancers in women with PCOS was higher than the control group, whereas the pooled OR of breast cancer was not significantly higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: This meta-analysis indicated an increased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers in women with PCOS.

Evaluation of environmental consequences affecting human health in the current and optimal cropping patterns in the eastern Lorestan Province, Iran.

Planning for optimal use of resources and reduction of environmental impacts, in addition to resource protection, is associated with increasing farmers' revenues and boosting the regional economy. Given the limited resources and environmental impacts of agricultural activities on human health, it is necessary to determine an appropriate cropping pattern. The present research aimed to maximize net profit and minimize environmental impacts, including the releases of carcinogens, noncarcinogens, ozone layer depletion, ionizing radiation, and respiratory inorganics and organics on human health. In this study, an optimal cropping pattern of irrigated and rainfed crops was proposed for the east of Lorestan Province using multi-objective nonlinear programming (MOP). Results showed that the cropping areas of chickpea, rapeseed, and potatoes decreased by 50% in the irrigated crop of MOP model and that of lentil in the MOP model of rainfed crops compared with the current pattern. Another important result was increases in the cropping areas of lentil and bean in the MOP pattern of irrigated crops and wheat in the rainfed MOP model. The environmental impacts of agricultural sector on human health can be reduced by determining an optimal cropping pattern. The implementation of this model in the region reduced the emissions of carcinogens (4%), noncarcinogens (9%), respiratory inorganics (17%), ionizing radiation (14%), ozone layer depletion (17%), and respiratory organics (15%) compared with the existing situation along with an increased net profit of $968,483. According to the findings, consideration of environmental objectives affecting human health is essential in the optimization of the cropping pattern. In addition to optimal use of water and land resources, using the proposed model helps to increase profits and reduce environmental consequences on human health.

Synthesis and characterization of polyester bionanocomposite membrane with ultrasonic irradiation process for gas permeation and antibacterial activity.

Optically active bionanocomposite membranes composed of polyester (PE) and cellulose/silica bionanocomposite (BNCs) prepared with simple, green and inexpensive ultrasonic irradiation process. It is a novel method to enhance the gas separation performance. The novel optically active diol containing functional trifluoromethyl groups was prepared in four steps reaction and it was fully characterized by different techniques. Commercially available silica nanoparticles were modified with biodegradable nanocellulose through ultrasonic irradiation technique. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the cellulose/silica composites were well dispersed in the polymer matrix on a nanometer scale. The mechanical properties nanocomposite films were improved by the addition of cellulose/silica. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicated an increase thermal stability of the PE/BNCs in compared to the pure polymer. The results obtained from gas permeation experiments showed that adding cellulose/silica to the PE membrane structure increased the permeability of the membranes. The increase in the permeability of the gases was as follows: PCH4 (38%)