The European Sero-Epidemiology Network: standardizing the enzyme immunoassay results for measles, mumps and rubella.

The ESEN (European Sero-Epidemiology Network) project was established to harmonize the seroepidemiology of five vaccine preventable infections including measles, mumps and rubella in eight European countries. This involved achieving comparability both in the assay results from testing in different centres and also sampling methodology. Standardization of enzyme immunoassay results was achieved through the development of common panels of sera by designated reference centres. The panels were tested at the reference laboratory and then distributed to each participating laboratory for testing using their routine methods. Standardization equations were calculated by regressing the quantitative results against those of the reference laboratory. Our study found large differences in unitage between participants, despite all using an EIA method standardized against an international or local standard. Moreover, our methodology adjusted for this difference. These standardization equations will be used to convert the results of main serosurvey testing into the reference country unitage to ensure inter-country comparability.

Uterine carcinosarcomas: incidence and trends in management and survival.

Our study's aim was to determine the incidence of uterine sarcomas in New York City (NYC) and evaluate trends in frequency, treatment, and survival of carcinosarcomas in two Brooklyn hospitals. Population-based cancer registry data for 1976-1985 were used to calculate the incidence of uterine sarcomas in NYC women. Medical records and histology slides of carcinosarcomas at two central Brooklyn hospitals from 1960 to 1995 were reviewed. The incidence of uterine sarcomas in black and white women in NYC was 33.4 and 17.0 per million (P < 0.01). Among 97 women with carcinosarcomas diagnosed in 1960-1995, 75% were diagnosed preoperatively, 82% had a hysterectomy, and 45% of those in clinical stage I were upstaged. Predictors of mortality included the presence of extrauterine extension, deep myometrial invasion, vascular space invasion, and gross residual disease, with only the first two being independent predictors of survival in a multivariate analysis. Adjunctive therapy shifted from radiation in 1960-1969 to cisplatin-based chemotherapy after 1980. In surgical stage III, survival increased significantly between 1960-1979 and 1980-1995, but improvement could not be ascribed to particular therapies. The incidence of uterine sarcomas in black women was twice that in white women. Surgical staging including omentectomy is recommended in the management of carcinosarcomas. Modern medical care may have improved the short-term prognosis of carcinosarcomas.