The 2021 SIIM-FISABIO-RSNA Machine Learning COVID-19 Challenge: Annotation and Standard Exam Classification of COVID-19 Chest Radiographs.

We describe the curation, annotation methodology, and characteristics of the dataset used in an artificial intelligence challenge for detection and localization of COVID-19 on chest radiographs. The chest radiographs were annotated by an international group of radiologists into four mutually exclusive categories, including "typical," "indeterminate," and "atypical appearance" for COVID-19, or "negative for pneumonia," adapted from previously published guidelines, and bounding boxes were placed on airspace opacities. This dataset and respective annotations are available to researchers for academic and noncommercial use.

Tabaco y sistema cardiopulmonar en el anciano / Tobacco and cardiopulmonary risk in the elderly

Los componentes del humo del tabaco producen efectos sobre las plaquetas, endotelio vascular, lipoproteínas, factores hemostáticos y condiciones hemodinámicas, que contribuyen a la aparición de alteraciones cardiovasculares y pulmonares tanto inmediatamente como a largo plazo, y estos efectos perjudiciales se dan también en los ancianos, como lo demuestran recientes estudios epidemiológicos. Las evidencias demuestran varios mecanismos de acción de algunos de los componentes del tabaco (sobre todo de la nicotina y del monóxido de carbono) que contribuyen a este aumento de riesgo. Hay una relación dosis-efecto, y el abandono del tabaquismo conlleva una reducción del riesgo cardiovascular y respiratorio, que puede llegar para algunas enfermedades a niveles similares a los de las personas que nunca han fumado, aunque esto no se ha probado aún en los ancianos (AU)

The components of tobacco smoke produce effects over the platelet, vascular endothelium, lipoproteins, haemostatic factors and haemodinamic conditions wich contribute to the appearence of cardiovascular and pulmonar alterations as inmediately as long term. This negative effects are also given in elderly, as recent epidemiological studies show. The evidences show several action mecanism of some tobacco components (overall nicotine and CO), which contribute to the risk increase. There is a relation dose-effect and the tobacco cesation gives a reduction of cardiovascular and pulmonar risk, which can become similar levels to people who never smoke for some illness (AU)