ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In Chile, there is no specific information how affect the quality of sleep and fatigue to the construction workers. OBJECTIVE: To present the results of a cognitive behavioral intervention in construction workers aimed at reducing fatigue through improvement in sleep quality. METHODOLOGY: Pragmatic non-randomized clinical trial with follow-up. Sample of 180 workers from a construction company, organized in a control group and the intervention group belonging to five construction projects. CONCLUSION: Long-term effects are reflected in the third measurement of the Epworth scores, in the presence of fatigue. Those workers who received the cognitive behavioral intervention reduced their levels of sleepiness and fatigue.A multidisciplinary approach is required to study not only fatigue and sleep, but also other relevant aspects of health, since impact on accident rates, days lost from work, and quality of life.
Subject(s)
Construction Industry , Sleep Quality , Humans , Quality of Life , Sleep , Fatigue , CognitionABSTRACT
Objetivo: Construir una definición consensuada de profesionalismo que contenga los atributos esenciales del ser profesional en una Escuela de Enfermería. Material y Método: Diseño descriptivo cualitativo, que utilizó el análisis de contenido en tres fases secuenciales: 1) Revisión integrativa entre los años 2009 y 2019 en las bases de datos Pubmed, CINAHL, Nursing (Proquest), en referencias de los estudios seleccionados y en páginas de sociedades científicas internacionales, sin límites de idioma. De los 33 textos completos seleccionados, se identificaron definiciones de profesionalismo y sus atributos por medio de las cinco etapas propuestas por Whittemore y Knafl; 2) Exploración con enfoque cualitativo, cuya muestra intencionada fue con informantes claves de la carrera de Enfermería: estudiantes de último año, académicos, egresados y empleadores; 3) Integración de la información recolectada a través de una construcción grupal, generando registros de definiciones y atributos comunes que se relacionaron bajo un sistema de categorías hasta lograr la saturación. Finalmente, se planteó una propuesta de la definición conceptual y los atributos del profesionalismo, validados por un participante de cada categoría. Resultados: Los atributos identificados fueron: la entrega de un cuidado humanizado, basado en sólidos conocimientos científicos, con liderazgo, responsabilidad y respeto a personas, familias y comunidades. Conclusiones: Se definió profesionalismo con cinco atributos del ser profesional que coinciden con la literatura internacional. Es relevante que académicos, tutores clínicos y preceptores hagan propios estos atributos, porque a través del modelaje de estos, contribuyen a formar a los futuros profesionales.
Objective: To construct a consensual definition of professionalism that includes the essential attributes of being a professional in a school of nursing. Materials and Methods: Qualitative descriptive design using content analysis in three consecutive phases: 1) Integrative review between 2009 and 2019 in the databases Pubmed, CINAHL, Nursing (Proquest), in the references of the selected studies and in the pages of international scientific societies, without language limitations. From the 33 full texts selected, definitions of professionalism and its attributes were identified through the five stages proposed by Whittemore and Knafl; 2) Exploration with a qualitative approach, whose intentional sample included key informants from the nursing study program, such as final year students, instructors, graduates and employers; 3) Integration of the information collected through a group construction, generating records of definitions and common attributes, which were related under a system of categories until saturation was reached. Finally, a proposal was made for a conceptual definition and attributes of professionalism, validated by a participant in each category. Results: The attributes identified were the provision of humanized care based on sound scientific knowledge, with leadership, responsibility and respect for individuals, families and communities. Conclusions: Professionalism was defined using five attributes that are consistent with the international literature. It is relevant that instructors, clinical tutors and preceptors embrace these attributes, because they ultimately contribute to the training of future professionals.
Objetivo: Construir uma definição consensual de profissionalismo que contenha os atributos essenciais para um profissional em uma escola de enfermagem. Material e Método: Estudo descritivo qualitativo que utilizou a análise de conteúdo em três fases sequenciais: 1) Revisão integrativa entre 2009 e 2019 nos bancos de dados Pubmed, CINAHL, Nursing (Proquest), nas referências dos estudos selecionados e nas páginas de sociedades científicas internacionais, sem limitações de idioma. A partir dos 33 textos completos selecionados, foram identificadas as definições de profissionalismo e seus atributos por meio das cinco etapas propostas por Whittemore e Knafl; 2) Exploração de abordagem qualitativa com amostra intencional que incluiu informantes-chave do programa de estudos de enfermagem, como alunos do último ano, docentes, graduados e empregadores; 3) Integração das informações coletadas por meio de uma construção em grupo, gerando registros de definições e atributos comuns que foram relacionados sob um sistema de categorias até atingir a saturação. Finalmente, foi feita uma proposta de definição conceitual e de atributos de profissionalismo, validada por um participante de cada categoria. Resultados: Os atributos identificados foram a prestação de cuidados humanizados, com base em conhecimento científico sólido, com liderança, responsabilidade e respeito pelos indivíduos, famílias e comunidades. Conclusão: O profissionalismo foi definido por meio de cinco atributos que são consistentes com a literatura internacional. É importante que os docentes, tutores clínicos e preceptores adotem esses atributos, já que eles contribuem para a formação dos futuros profissionais.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Chilean National Nursing Examination Commission, COENENF, developed a national nursing exam (ENENF). Since 2013, COENENF has implemented a validated opinion survey at the time of the national examination to strengthen the quality of the exam and facilitate its continuous improvement. AIM: To determine the perception of nursing students about general aspects, specific areas, representativeness, mastery and usefulness of the 2018 ENENF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, using a self-administered Likert-type survey, was administered in 2018 to 2949 last-year nursing students from 29 nursing schools who took the ENENF. The survey comprised three areas: representativeness of the questions, student mastery of each area, and the usefulness of the exam. RESULTS: Students had a positive perception of the Chilean ENENF and its application. Theoretical knowledge is effectively assessed and close to half of the sample agreed that the ENENF is useful. The results also suggest areas that should be improved. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students had a positive perception of the ENENF.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Nursing/psychology , Perception , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is one of the diseases that cause the highest premature mortality and disability worldwide. Sleep disturbances have been associated with the onset of metabolic disorders and increased levels of glycated haemoglobin in diabetics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of sleep of people with type 2 diabetes and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study of 223 patients with DM2 between 20 and 64 years old, controlled in a primary health care centre in Chile. RESULTS: Most were women (66.4%), average age 54.7 years. Only 33% slept the required number of hours (7-9â¯h) to maintain health. Fifty-seven point seven percent were metabolically unbalanced (Hb1Acâ¯>â¯7%). Seventy-five point two percent presented sleep problems of varying severity, which were associated with being a woman, night pain, nocturia, time of diagnosis of diabetes, and depressive symptoms. Persons with poor sleep quality were 73% more likely to be metabolically decompensated, however, this result was not statistically significant: ORâ¯=â¯1.73 (CI: 78-3.87). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of poor sleep quality and metabolic decompensation in the sample stands out, which could complicate DM2. The association between poor sleep quality and DM2 decompensation is inconclusive. Future research will contribute to elucidating the role of sleep in metabolic compensation and in the prevention of metabolic disorders.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Sleep Wake Disorders , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Sleep , Sleep Quality , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Young AdultABSTRACT
La diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) es una de las enfermedades que causa mayor mortalidad prematura y discapacidad a nivel mundial. Las alteraciones del sueño se han asociado a la aparición de trastornos metabólicos y a mayores niveles de hemoglobina glucosilada en personas diabéticas.Objetivo:Evaluar la calidad del sueño de personas con DM2 y su asociación con características sociodemográficas, clínicas y metabólicas.Métodos:Estudio observacional, transversal, analítico en 223 personas con DM2 entre 20 y 64 años controladas en un centro de atención primaria de salud.Resultados:La mayoría eran mujeres (66,4%), edad promedio 54,7 años y solo el 33% duerme las horas necesarias (7 a 9 horas). Un 57,7% se encontraba metabólicamente descompensado (Hb1Ac>7%). Un 75,2% de los participantes presentó problemas de sueño de diversa gravedad, que se asoció a ser mujer, dolor nocturno, nicturia, tiempo de diagnóstico de la diabetes y síntomas depresivos. Las personas con mala calidad de sueño tuvieron 73% más probabilidad de estar descompensados metabólicamente, sin embargo, este resultado no fue estadísticamente significativo OR=1,73 (IC: 0,78-3,87).Conclusiones:Destaca la alta frecuencia de mala calidad de sueño y descompensación metabólica en la muestra, lo que podría complicar la DM2. No es concluyente la asociación entre mala calidad de sueño y descompensación de la DM2. Futuras investigaciones contribuirán a dilucidar el papel del sueño en la compensación metabólica y en la prevención de trastornos metabólicos.
Type 2 diabetes (DM2) is one of the diseases that cause the highest premature mortality and disability worldwide. Sleep disturbances have been associated with the onset of metabolic disorders and increased levels of glycated haemoglobin in diabetics.Objective:To evaluate the quality of sleep of people with type 2 diabetes and its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and metabolic characteristics.Methods:Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study of 223 patients with DM2 between 20 and 64 years old, controlled in a primary health care centre in Chile.Results:Most were women (66.4%), average age 54.7 years. Only 33% slept the required number of hours (7 to 9hours) to maintain health. Fifty-seven point seven percent were metabolically unbalanced (Hb1Ac>7%). Seventy-five point two percent presented sleep problems of varying severity, which were associated with being a woman, night pain, nocturia, time of diagnosis of diabetes, and depressive symptoms. Persons with poor sleep quality were 73% more likely to be metabolically decompensated, however, this result was not statistically significant: OR=1.73 (CI:78-3.87).Conclusions:The high frequency of poor sleep quality and metabolic decompensation in the sample stands out, which could complicate DM2. The association between poor sleep quality and DM2 decompensation is inconclusive. Future research will contribute to elucidating the role of sleep in metabolic compensation and in the prevention of metabolic disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Sleep Wake Disorders , Glycated Hemoglobin , Sleep Hygiene , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Chilean National Nursing Examination Commission, COENENF, developed a national nursing exam (ENENF). Since 2013, COENENF has implemented a validated opinion survey at the time of the national examination to strengthen the quality of the exam and facilitate its continuous improvement. AIM: To determine the perception of nursing students about general aspects, specific areas, representativeness, mastery and usefulness of the 2018 ENENF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study, using a self-administered Likert-type survey, was administered in 2018 to 2949 last-year nursing students from 29 nursing schools who took the ENENF. The survey comprised three areas: representativeness of the questions, student mastery of each area, and the usefulness of the exam. RESULTS: Students had a positive perception of the Chilean ENENF and its application. Theoretical knowledge is effectively assessed and close to half of the sample agreed that the ENENF is useful. The results also suggest areas that should be improved. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing students had a positive perception of the ENENF.
Subject(s)
Students, Nursing , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , PerceptionABSTRACT
Investigación descriptivacuantitativa y cualitativa. Objetivo: validarencuesta de percepción de los egresados deEnfermería en Chile, respecto al ExamenNacional de Enfermería. Metodología: locualitativo consideró el método Delphiparticipando expertos en la disciplina deenfermería y del área educación yevaluación. Para lo cuantitativo se utilizó elanálisis de alfa de Cronbach, usando elsistema SPSS. Resultados: El K obtenido porlos expertos estuvo entre el 0,95 a 1 lo quedeterminó que todos tenían un alto grado decompetencia en el tema sobre el cual se lesconsultó. Los expertos vincularon losobjetivos propuestos con cada uno de los 21ítems de la encuesta. En 8 de ellos el 100%de los expertos coincidió con lo plateado porla Comisión del Examen Nacional deEnfermería, en 10 de los ítems un 80%, en 2de los ítems un 50% y en 1 ítem un 33%. Elalpha de Cronbach obtenido fue de 0,97, loque demuestra un alto grado de consistenciainterna del instrumento. Conclusiones: Sevalida la encuesta de opinión, cumpliendo demanera rigurosa y lógica con todas susetapas, demostrando su validez yconfiabilidad.(AU)
Quantitative and qualitativedescriptive research. Objective: to validatethe survey on the perception of nursinggraduates in Chile, regarding the NationalExam taken and applied. Methodology:qualitative, using the Delphi method withexperts in the areas of nursing, education,and evaluation; and quantitative, usingCronbach's alpha analysis with the SPSSsystem. Results: The K was between 0.95 to 1, which suggests that all of the experts hada high degree of competence in the opiniontopic. The objectives proposed in the 21-item survey were linked. In 8 items 100% ofthe experts stated their agreement with theaspects raised by the National Nursing ExamCommission; in 10 items 80%, in 2 items50% and in 1 item 33%. Cronbach's alphamethod estimated the internal consistencyreliability of the instrument to be 0.97,demonstrating a high degree of internalconsistency among the items analyzed.Conclusions: to validate an instrument it isnecessary to rigorously complete each stepwith a sequence that allows one to accountfor validity and reliability.(AU)
Quantitative and qualitativedescriptive research. Objective: to validatethe perception survey of nursing graduates inChile, regarding the National Nursing Exam.Methodology: the Delphi method wasconsidered qualitative, involving experts inthe nursing discipline and in the educationand evaluation area. For the quantitativeanalysis, Cronbach's alpha was used, usingthe SPSS system. Results: The K obtainedby the experts was between 0.95 to 1, whichdetermined that all of them had a high degreeof competence in the subject on which theywere consulted. The experts linked theproposed objectives with each of the 21items in the survey. In 8 of them, 100% ofthe experts agreed with what was stated bythe National Nursing Exam Commission, in10 of the items 80%, in 2 of the items 50%and in 1 item 33%. The Cronbach's alphaobtained was 0.97, which shows a highdegree of internal consistency of theinstrument. Conclusions: The opinion poll isvalidated, rigorously and logicallycomplying with all its stages, demonstratingits validity and reliability.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Nursing , Reproducibility of Results , Faculty, Nursing , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Academic Performance , Students, Nursing , Surveys and Questionnaires , Chile , NursingABSTRACT
Se trata de la experiencia vivida con un grupo de alumnas de un colegio del gran Santiago, donde a partir de un diagnóstico aplicando el Modelo Precede se implementa y aplica un programa de educación sobre autoexámen de mama. Se visualiza esta experiencia como una forma de poder influir en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de mamas a través del autocuidado
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Breast Self-Examination , Breast Self-Examination/nursing , Breast Self-Examination/instrumentation , Health Education/methodsABSTRACT
El proyecto denominado estrategias para la enseñanza de la enfermería, se apoya en un estudio de opiniones sobre el curriculo enfermera matrona y las expectativas de conocimientos pedagógicos de un grupo de docentes clínicos. El proyecto incluye dos seminarios; La docencia en el campo clínico y Evaluación de los aprendizajes en clínica y terreno. Su realización permitió a los asistentes estudiar aspectos acerca de la planificación y evaluación del proceso educativo, mejorar la relación profesor alumno y ampliar conocimientos en el quehacer docente asistencial
Subject(s)
Chile , Health Strategies , Curriculum , Education, Nursing , Schools, Nursing , ChileABSTRACT
El trabajo presenta una nueva forma de tratamiento de los problemas de sueño o dormir, por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Aborda la dificultad para mantener o conciliar el sueño desde el punto de vista del cambio de hábitos, evitando el uso de terapia medicamentosa. Se utiliza la "higienización del sueño" para alcanzar la meta del sueño reparador
Subject(s)
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Sleep/physiology , Sleep Wake Disorders , ChileABSTRACT
Se destaca la importancia del sueño en la salud del hombre, y se presenta una visión de algunas patologías que ocurren por su privación. Incluye un análisis sobre la ocurrencia de perturbación de sueño en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios de medicina y cirugía de una clínica de Santiago de Chile del área médico quirúrgica, de allí se deriva la elaboración de un programa educativo. Está dirigido al personal de salud, cuyo propósito apunta al mejoramiento de las condiciones ambientales para tratar y prevenir alteraciones de sueño en los pacientes
