ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that has a significant impact not only in the patient but also in the entire family as well. Caregivers assume almost the totality of the patient care. This responsibility exposes caregivers to an intense burden with negative consequences for them and the rest of the family system. This is an updated review of existing literature about burden on families with schizophrenia patients. METHOD: An electronic search of articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles published between 2008 and 2013. RESULTS: A systematization of information and frequency analysis revealed the existence of eight factors related to burden that were present in almost all the reviewed literature: Programs of family treatment, Ethnic group, Expressed Emotion, Stress and Burden, Preoccupations of the caregiver, Kind of caregiver, Social networks, Social support, Finances and Coping Strategies. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the statements of different theories reflecting the complexity of schizophrenia caregivers' burden and these, in turn, may be related to the above factors
ANTECEDENTES: la esquizofrenia es una enfermedad mental grave que no solo tiene un impacto significativo en el paciente, sino también en la familia. Los cuidadores asumen casi la totalidad de los cuidados de los pacientes. Esta responsabilidad expone a los cuidadores a una intensa sobrecarga con consecuencias negativas para ellos y el resto del sistema familiar. Este estudio se trata de una revisión actualizada de la bibliografía existente acerca de la sobrecarga en familias con pacientes con esquizofrenia. MÉTODO: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de artículos de bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA, EBSCO y Cochrane para artículos publicados entre 2008 y 2013. RESULTADOS: una sistematización de la información y un análisis de frecuencia reveló la existencia de ocho factores relacionados con la sobrecarga que se presentaron en casi toda la literatura revisada: programas de tratamiento familiar, grupo étnico, Emoción Expresada, estrés y sobrecarga, preocupaciones del cuidador, tipo de persona que lo cuida, redes sociales, apoyo social, finanzas y estrategias de afrontamiento. CONCLUSIONES: este estudio evidencia el apoyo a las diversas teorías planteadas sobre el tema, reflejando la complejidad de la relación de los factores mencionados anteriormente en la sobrecarga de los cuidadores de pacientes con esquizofrenia
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Caregivers/psychology , Caregivers , Schizophrenic Psychology , Bibliometrics , Social Support , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Expressed Emotion/physiology , Databases as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Databases as Topic , Caregivers/classification , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Caregivers/standards , Social NetworkingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that has a significant impact not only in the patient but also in the entire family as well. Caregivers assume almost the totality of the patient care. This responsibility exposes caregivers to an intense burden with negative consequences for them and the rest of the family system. This is an updated review of existing literature about burden on families with schizophrenia patients. METHOD: An electronic search of articles from MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles published between 2008 and 2013. RESULTS: A systematization of information and frequency analysis revealed the existence of eight factors related to burden that were present in almost all the reviewed literature: Programs of family treatment, Ethnic group, Expressed Emotion, Stress and Burden, Preoccupations of the caregiver, Kind of caregiver, Social networks, Social support, Finances and Coping Strategies. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the statements of different theories reflecting the complexity of schizophrenia caregivers' burden and these, in turn, may be related to the above factors.
Subject(s)
Caregivers/psychology , Schizophrenia , Adaptation, Psychological , Caregivers/economics , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Cost of Illness , Culture , Ethnicity/psychology , Expressed Emotion , Family Relations , Humans , Models, Psychological , Role , Schizophrenia/economics , Schizophrenia/ethnology , Social Isolation , Social Support , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/etiologyABSTRACT
La Terapia de Estimulación Cognitiva (TEC) es una intervención psicosocial para personas con demencia que ha obtenido buenos resultados en población anglosajona. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficacia de la TEC en una muestra de personas chilenas. Participaron 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) en fase leve a moderada, pertenecientes a un centro asistencial de la ciudad de Quillota, Chile. Para determinar la eficacia del programa, se definió un diseño experimental mixto 2x2 de medidas repetidas, asignándose aleatoriamente la muestra a dos grupos: intervención (GI) y control (GC). Se establecieron tres dimensiones para evaluar: cognición, calidad de vida y capacidad funcional de la persona con demencia. Posterior a la intervención, el GI presentó una mejoría significativa en sus indicadores de deterioro cognitivo y calidad de vida; por el contrario, el GC no evidenció cambios positivos en ninguna dimensión, empeorando el declive cognitivo. Ninguno de los grupos experimentó cambios significativos en la capacidad funcional. Si bien en la comparación intergrupo no existieron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable, el GI presentó una mejoría sustancial de la función cognitiva, en comparación con el aumento en la progresión del deterioro cognitivo en el GC. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones contrasten dichos resultados utilizando una muestra más grande de personas con EA.
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a psychosocial intervention for people with dementia that has been successful in Anglo-Saxon population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of CST in a sample of Chilean elders. The participants were 22 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mild to moderate stage, who were living in a residential care home in the town of Quillota, Chile. In order to determine the effectiveness of the program, an experimental mixed design 2x2 (repeated measures) was employed. The sample was randomly assigned into two groups: intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). Three dimensions were assessed: cognition, quality of life and functional ability. After the intervention, the IG presented a significant improvement in their cognitive function and quality life. In contrast, the CG did not show positive changes in any dimension. In fact, CG showed a worsening in its cognitive deterioration. Both groups did not showed significant changes in functional ability. Even though intergroup comparisons did not yield significant differences, the IG showed an important improvement in cognitive function, compared with an increase in the progression of cognitive impairment in the CG. It is recommended that future research will contrast these results using a larger sample of people with AD.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Alzheimer Disease , Latin AmericaABSTRACT
The employability and access to the productive market are considered key elements for the full integration of the patient with mental disability. The aim of this review was to describe and analyze the scientific literature for the main employability strategies: traditional vocational rehabilitation (sheltered work and social firms) and supported employment (particularly in its mode of individualized supported employment). The results of the review suggest that individualized supported employment is the most effective approach in obtaining employment for people with mental disabilities.
La inserción laboral y el acceso al mercado productivo son considerados elementos claves para la plena integración del paciente con discapacidad mental. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue describir y analizar la literatura científica correspondiente a las principales estrategias de inserción laboral: rehabilitación vocacional tradicional (empleo protegido y empresas sociales) y empleo con apoyo (particularmente en su modalidad de empleo con apoyo individualizado). Los resultados de la revisión indican que el empleo con apoyo individualizado es el abordaje más efectivo en la obtención de empleo en personas con discapacidad mental.
