ABSTRACT
Social interactions are a crucial aspect of human behaviour. Numerous neurophysiological studies have focused on socio-cognitive processes associated with the so-called theory of mind-the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others. Theory of mind is closely related to social intelligence defined as a set of abilities that facilitate effective social interactions. Social intelligence encompasses multiple theory of mind components and can be measured by the Four Factor Test of Social Intelligence (the Guilford-Sullivan test). However, it is unclear whether the differences in social intelligence are reflected in structural brain differences. During the experiment, 48 healthy right-handed individuals completed the Guilford-Sullivan test. T1-weighted structural MRI images were obtained for all participants. Voxel-based morphometry analysis was performed to reveal grey matter volume differences between the two groups (24 subjects in each)-with high social intelligence scores and with low social intelligence scores, respectively. Participants with high social intelligence scores had larger grey matter volumes of the bilateral caudate. The obtained results suggest the caudate nucleus involvement in the neural system of socio-cognitive processes, reflected by its structural characteristics.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Gray Matter , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Emotional Intelligence , Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Magnetic Resonance ImagingSubject(s)
Frontal Sinus , Osteoma , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms , Adolescent , Frontal Sinus/surgery , Humans , Male , Osteoma/surgery , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Efficiency of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in combination with antioxidants was studied in 36 children aged 1-14 years with neurosensory hypoacusis vs standard treatment. A course of HBO consisted of 10 sessions (1.4 atm) for 40 min. The response was registered in 72.2% patients. It manifested in improvement of sound perception at 5-25 dB. The highest effectiveness was seen in acute neurosensory hypoacusis. Thus, HBO in combination with antioxidants is recommended in combined treatment of neurosensory hypoacusis in children.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/therapy , Hyperbaric Oxygenation , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/drug therapy , Humans , Infant , Male , Sex Factors , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Chemodectomas and hemangiomas of the ear account for 53.9% of overall occurrence of benign tumors of the ear. Recurrences are also a frequent finding. The leading treatment approach is surgical. The recurrences are managed surgically in combination with cryotherapy delivered by means of optic quantum generators. Follow-up of 45 patients established the maximal time of recurrence onset--10 years. Tumors which arise later should be considered as metachronous multifocal.
Subject(s)
Ear Neoplasms , Hemangioma , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal , Adult , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ear Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Hemangioma/surgery , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/diagnosis , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/surgery , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Early and initial symptoms of benign tumors of the ear are detailed. Clinical presentation of auricular new growths and those of external acoustic meatus, difficulties and errors in diagnosing ceruminoma, neurinoma, hemangioma and chemodectoma are outlined. The above errors can be minimized and prevented if the order of the above symptoms onset is taken into consideration. Early diagnosis is important for good outcome of such surgery.
Subject(s)
Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ear, External , Ear, Middle , Cerumen , Diagnosis, Differential , Ear Diseases/diagnosis , Hemangioma/diagnosis , Humans , Keloid/diagnosis , Keratosis/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Nevus/congenital , Nevus/diagnosis , Papilloma/diagnosis , Paraganglioma, Extra-Adrenal/diagnosis , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Thirty-seven patients (15 women and 22 men), aged 22 to 67 years, with various frontal sinus pathologies were examined. The pathology was unilateral in all the patients. The following pathologies were identified: mucocele of frontal sinuses--2 cases; mucocele of the frontoethmoid area--4 cases; acute frontitis--5 cases; exacerbation of chronic frontitis (state after frontoethmoid trepanation)--14 cases; suppurative hemisinusitis--7 cases; frontal sinus cyst--2 cases; frontal sinus osteoma--3 cases. Final diagnosis was made with the aid of computer tomography because routine tomography proved inadequate. Computer tomography made it possible to clarify the state of the posterior and upper walls of the frontal sinus in the case of inflammation, mucocele, cysts, and osteomas and thus helped to elaborate adequate conservative or surgical therapy.
