ABSTRACT
Neoplasms of the small bowel are rare and comprise only 1-5% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms. The most frequent malignant tumors located in the small bowel are adenocarcinomas, lymphomas and neuroendocrine tumors. Rarely observed are gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), leiomyosarcomas and leiomyomas. Leiomyomas are most frequently seen in the jejunum followed by the ileum and lastly the duodenum. In most cases, a definite diagnosis of these tumors is not possible prior to surgical treatment. The treatment of choice for these tumors is surgery. Surgical treatment of duodenal leiomyomas has been local tumor excision, segmental duodenal resection and pancreaticoduodenectomy. The prognosis for these well-differentiated smooth muscle tumors is favorable. The authors of this article presented a case of a 61-year-old white man who was admitted to the hospital because of diagnosed duodenal tumor. The patient was suffering for periodically appearing blunt pain in the upper abdomen and periodic vomiting for three months. He underwent surgical excision of a benign duodenum neoplasm and left the ward on the seventh day after surgery. After operation, the symptoms of disease were alleviated. The author performed a review of the literature concerning duodenal leiomyoma.
Subject(s)
Duodenal Neoplasms/surgery , Leiomyoma/surgery , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/methods , Duodenal Neoplasms/pathology , Duodenum/pathology , Duodenum/surgery , Humans , Leiomyoma/pathology , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pleiomorphic adenoma gene-like 1 (PLAGL1) protein was originally shown to induce cell-cycle arrest and promote apoptosis in several types of human tumors and therefore it was considered a candidate tumor suppressor. The involvement of PLAGL1 gene in the etiology and pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to determine the expression level of PLAGL1 in ccRCC and to investigate its potential utility as a prognostic factor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We applied quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemistry to measure PLAGL1 mRNA/protein contents in paired tumor and kidney specimens of 40 patients with ccRCC. RESULTS: PLAGL1 mRNA and protein levels were increased in tumor tissues as determined by QPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The average content of PLAGL1 protein measured by western blotting did not differ between tumor and non-cancerous kidney tissues. However, increased PLAGL1 protein level in ccRCC tissue positively correlated with the presence of distant metastases and worse patient outcome. CONCLUSION: These results suggest an oncogenic role of PLAGL1 in the progression of ccRCC and its potential value as a prognostic marker.
