ABSTRACT
Iron-deficiency anemia is still a health problem worldwide. Iron supplementation of some foods such as milk formulas and cereals apparently has not been the solution due to bioavailability of iron. In Mexico, there is high prevalence of anemia in children to date, mainly those under 2 years of age and predominantly in the Southern part of the country. Probably the main causes are iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women, recurrent infections, such as gastroenteritis and parasites, and the most important one undoubtedly, deficient iron intake.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/therapy , Dietary Supplements , Iron/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mexico/epidemiologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a common disease in children less one year old. It is present around 10% of unselected infant population. 40-50% have abnormal 24 h pH monitoring. An early diagnosis and treatment should be done in order to avoid complications. AIM: To establish the consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of children with GER, to rule out similar diseases avoid the use of unnecessary drugs and the secondary side effects as well as unnecessary surgery. METHOD: The consensus was done with the participation of general pediatricians, pediatrics gastroenterologist, pediatric surgeons, radiologist and endoscopist. An initial paper was done by pediatric surgeon and pediatric gastroenterologist who submitted to the rest of participants. Second stage: the paper was review through E-mail for all participants who send their suggestions and modifications. A new paper was done and discussed by medical and surgery area. During the Congress of Pediatric Surgery, in an open session was discuss again with the participation of the main authors and all the audience present. Finally, a paper was done and review for the main authors.
Subject(s)
Gastroesophageal Reflux/therapy , Child , Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Humans , Mexico , Practice Guidelines as TopicABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a frequent cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. It is present in 3-4% of the population < 21 years of age and represents 90% of all polyps in childhood. The most common complaints are hematoquezia, abdominal pain, and polyp prolapse. METHODS: A descriptive, observational, transversal study of 225 children with histopatologic diagnosis of JP seen at the Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, between January 1985 and December 2000. Variables studied included age of presentation, gender, frequency, clinical manifestations, type, location, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods. RESULTS: Frequency was one polyp per 162 patient seen during the same period (0.61%) and age 2 to 8 years (82%), a total of 235 patients, 120 females and 273 total polyps were found rectum the most common site 82% (224 polyps) followed by sigmoid. Mean distance from anal margin was 6.5 cm. Of all polyps, 82.9% were in the first 10 cm of anal margin. Of all patients, 92.3% had a single polyp and 7.7% had multiple polyps. A baritated study was made in 39 patients (16.6%) with diagnostic efficacy of 74%. No additional baritated studies were needed because of high diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of the rectosigmoidoscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Rectosigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy remain as the diagnosis and therapeutic method in children with JP.
