Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Kidney Transplantation/immunology , Kidney Transplantation/trends , Creatinine/urine , Diuresis , Graft Rejection/immunology , Humans , Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use , Interleukin-2/physiology , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Lebanon , Signal Transduction , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Amino Acids/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Liver/drug effects , Administration, Oral , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Glucose/metabolism , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Liver/enzymology , Liver/metabolism , Male , Protein Biosynthesis , RatsSubject(s)
Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Liver Glycogen/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Acetohexamide/pharmacology , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Depression, Chemical , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Liver/drug effects , Liver/enzymology , Male , Metformin/pharmacology , Phenformin/pharmacology , Phosphorylases/metabolism , Rats , Sulfonamides/pharmacology , Tolbutamide/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Earlier work has shown that penicillamine reduces the acute toxicity of antimonyl potassium tartrate (APT) as well as the abnormal ECG changes it induces. In the present study, the possible protective effect of penicillamine on the hepatic toxicity of APT was investigated. Tests of liver function showed changes in the level of serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and of alkaline phosphatase, and in the beta-/alpha-lipoprotein ratio, in response to antimony treatment. The changes were significantly reduced by penicillamine, though the effect depended on the dose. Penicillamine was found to give the best overall protection without affecting the antischistosomal efficacy of the antimonial when a 1:2 APT/penicillamine ratio was used. The findings provide further evidence of the potential usefulness of penicillamine in the antimonial treatment of schistosomiasis.