ABSTRACT
The first few minutes after a neonate's birth may determine the quality of its entire life. Immediate care includes prevention of hypothermia, clearing of nasal and oral passages, stimulation of ventilation and oxygenation, and, in a few cases, advanced life support. Any additional stress during the first weeks of life can also result in neonatal morbidity and mortality. Care of the diseased newborn must focus not only on treatment of the underlying disease but on aggressive supportive care. A safe, warm, clean, proper environment and adequate nutrition are essential.
Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn/physiology , Cat Diseases/therapy , Dog Diseases/therapy , Resuscitation/veterinary , Animals , Cats , DogsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiographic features of septic and aseptic failure of two femoral endoprostheses and their successful revision. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS OR SAMPLE POPULATION: Two skeletally mature male research dogs. METHODS: An uncemented porous-coated anatomic (PCA) endoprosthesis was implanted in a single-stage revision procedure after thorough debridement and lavage of the femoral canal. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was used in dog 2 (aseptic loosening). Serial clinical and radiographic examinations were performed postoperatively. The dogs were euthanatized 1 year (dog 1) and 2 years (dog 2) after revision surgery, and necropsy was performed. High-resolution contact radiographs and histopathologic evaluation of femoral sections were obtained. RESULTS: The cause of implant failure was septic loosening in dog 1 and aseptic loosening in dog 2. In both dogs, clinical function returned to normal after revision. Serial radiographic assessment after revision documented disappearance of the bone pedestal and the periprosthetic lucency. Cancellous hypertrophy seen adjacent to the proximal porous-coated region of the implants provided radiographic evidence of bony fixation. Histological evaluation of femoral sections documented successful implant integration with bone and fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: Revision with an uncemented implant in a single-stage procedure was successful in the two dogs described in this report. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This report provides a detailed description of the clinical course and serial radiographic assessment of septic and aseptic loosening of two femoral endoprostheses. Single-stage revision is a potential treatment for either condition as demonstrated by the successful outcome in these two dogs.
Subject(s)
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/veterinary , Dogs/surgery , Hip Prosthesis/veterinary , Animals , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Hip Joint/pathology , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Results of total hip arthroplasty in 84 dogs (96 hips) were evaluated. Eight (9.5%) of the 84 dogs developed 1 or more complications after total hip arthroplasty. Complications resolved or were corrected in 4 of the dogs; all 4 ultimately achieved good or excellent hip function. Complications necessitated removal of the prosthesis in the other 4 dogs; 3 ultimately achieved fair hip function and 1 had only poor hip function. Therefore, after resolution of complications, 96% of the hips had good or excellent function. Force plate analysis was performed on 6 dogs with excellent hip function; peak vertical force for the limb that had been operated on was greater than or equal to peak vertical force for the contralateral limb. Radiographically, a radiolucent zone was visible around the acetabular component in 89% of the hips and around the femoral component in 26%. The radiolucent zone around the acetabular and femoral components widened in 14% (6 of 43) and 27% (3 of 11), respectively, of the hips with adequate radiographic follow-up. Aseptic loosening of the acetabular component developed in 3 (3%) of 96 hips; one was successfully revised. Aseptic loosening of the femoral component was not apparent in any of the dogs in this study. Other complications included femoral fracture (n = 3), neurapraxia (3), luxation (1), and unexplained lameness that required implant removal (1). None of the dogs had evidence of wound infection.
Subject(s)
Dogs/surgery , Hip Joint/diagnostic imaging , Hip Prosthesis/veterinary , Animals , Bone Cements , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Femoral Fractures/etiology , Femoral Fractures/veterinary , Follow-Up Studies , Joint Dislocations/etiology , Joint Dislocations/veterinary , Lameness, Animal/etiology , Male , Neural Conduction , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Postoperative Complications/veterinary , Radiography , Retrospective Studies , Sciatic Nerve/physiopathology , Suction/veterinary , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Cystourethropexy was performed in 10 bitches with refractory urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. All animals had an abnormally shaped vesicourethral junction. The bladder neck was located in the pelvic canal in nine dogs (pelvic bladder). Surgery alone restored urinary continence in two cases and markedly improved incontinence in two cases. Surgery combined with medical therapy (phenylpropanolamine, 1.5 mg/kg orally once or twice a day, using a sustained-action preparation) restored urinary continence in four cases and markedly improved continence in one case. Surgery, with medical therapy, was completely ineffective in one case. No major complications were encountered in any dogs. In four cases, histopathologic evaluation of the dorsal bladder wall and neck revealed the presence of a single, perinuclear, clear vacuole in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle fibers. Electron microscopic examination showed that the vacuoles represented a dilatation of normal membrane organelles. Such abnormalities have the potential to alter the smooth muscle motility. This study indicates that cystourethropexy alone restored urinary continence only temporarily in the majority of the patients. The significance and frequency of the histopathologic findings requires further investigation.
