ABSTRACT
In this study we sought to determine whether interpersonal cognitive problem-solving skills could distinguish adjusted from nonadjusted classroom behavior among children with mild mental retardation. Discriminant analyses indicated that, irrespective of age or IQ, adjusted children had a larger number of relevant solutions to common problems as well as a higher ratio of aggressive solutions. Findings suggest that cognitive interpersonal skills may be as important, if not even more important, for this population as for youngsters without mental retardation.
Subject(s)
Cognition , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Interpersonal Relations , Problem Solving , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Female , Humans , Intelligence , MaleSubject(s)
Labor, Obstetric , Mothers/psychology , Patient Education as Topic , Adult , Community Health Centers , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Mental Disorders/prevention & control , Mother-Child Relations , Natural Childbirth , Obstetric Labor Complications/prevention & control , Pennsylvania , Pregnancy , Risk , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
This paper reviews recent changes in perspectives of development in the prenatal, neonatal, and infancy periods and describes exemplary preventive interventions and their evaluation. Particular emphasis is placed on expanding criteria for successful early interventions to include measures of socioemotional and physical health as well as the more traditional measures of intellectual development. A theme which emerges is the need for peer and professional support for early parenting.
Subject(s)
Maternal Health Services , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Intelligence Tests , Maternal Behavior , Object Attachment , Parent-Child Relations , Pregnancy , United StatesABSTRACT
Male offspring of prenatally stressed rats showed low levels of copulatory behavior during a series of brief tests with estrous females but successfully impregnated female cagemates during long term tests of breeding effectiveness. Sexual performance on the short term tests was inversely related to open field activity with the offspring of prenatally handled mothers exhibiting more sexual behavior and less open field activity. The results support the notion that prenatal stress influences both the sexual behavior and emotional reactivity of male offspring. Deficits observed during short term tests of breeding effectiveness appear to be reversible under optimal conditions.
