Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: A rare entity.

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a genetic disorder which involves a complex group of inherited conditions. This condition is characterised by the failed development of two or more ectodermal derived anatomic structure; for example, the skin, hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands. It is a phenotypically heterogenous group of illnesses including anodontia with conical teeth, generalised spacing, reduced ability to sweat, very less hair growth, etc. The pattern of inheritance of HED varies from person to person depending on the type of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). The patterns include X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant, autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and spontaneous mutation. There is one such common type of ED more in female than male. It is an X-linked HED (XLHED), characterised by hypohidrosis, sparse hair, and teeth abnormalities. The other type can affect both male and female equally and may be inherited in different ways. The present case is a 21-year-old male who presented with hair, teeth, and sweat gland abnormalities.

In Vivo Comparison of the Efficiency of En-Masse Retraction Using Temporary Anchorage Devices With and Without Orthodontic Appliances on the Posterior Teeth.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of en-masse retraction of maxillary anterior teeth using temporary anchorage devices with and without orthodontic appliances on the posterior teeth. METHODS: In the study, 20 participants (18.25 ± 4.07 years) meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups using the sequentially numbered opaque sealed envelopes method. In group I (control group, n = 10), en-masse retraction was carried out with conventional high hooks soldered to the retraction wire and posterior teeth were included. In group II (experimental group, n = 10), the en-masse retraction was carried out without an orthodontic appliance on posterior teeth and a modified retraction wire was incorporated. In both groups, mini-implants were placed bilaterally between the maxillary second premolar and maxillary first molar, and a retraction force of 6 ounces (180 g) was applied using power chains. Lateral cephalograms and study models were taken before retraction and 4 months after retraction. All statistical analyses were performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences soft- ware with a statistically significant level of 5%. We used unpaired t-tests for the comparison, and the error of the method was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and the Bland-Altman method. RESULTS: The maxillary incisor apex retraction, change in maxillary incisor in the vertical plane, and its inclination showed statistically significant differences (P < .05). The rate of retraction was significantly greater in the experimental group when evaluated clinically and in the study models (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The rate/amount of retraction evaluated clinically and in the study models was significantly faster/greater when the pos- terior teeth were not included during anterior retraction. Also, a greater amount of bodily retraction of anterior teeth was achieved.

Staining the Ground Section of the Tooth Using an Innovative Plant Stain Found in the Pravara Region, India.

AIMS: To assess the staining efficacy of the innovative "Pravara" stain on ground sections of human teeth under a stereomicroscope. In this study, the ground sections were stained with the innovative stain. The stain is obtained from a leafless tree called Terminalia chebula. Terminalia chebula, commonly known as Harad, is found in South Asia from India. Few species are found in the Pravara region of Maharashtra, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 extracted teeth were collected and ground sections of each tooth were prepared. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: group I-control (without stain), group II-study group (the samples in this group were stained with the help of innovative "Pravara" stain). The sections were graded from I to III according to the differentiation and contrast of tissues. RESULTS: The ground sections in group II stained with Pravara stain demonstrated better contrast for structures within sections under a microscope in comparison with group I (control group). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the efficacy of a new innovative Pravara stain, which is a simple, economical, quick, and effective staining method for the ground sections of the teeth. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This innovative Pravara stain is cost-effective, saves time, ecofriendly, and highlights the anatomical structures more effectively and does not fade easily with time.