ABSTRACT
Pelvic organ prolapse refers to protrusion of the pelvic organ into or out of the vaginal canal. One in four women in the USA suffer from some type of pelvic floor disorder including pelvic organ prolapse and frequency of pelvic organ prolapse is more with increasing age. In Bangladesh, 15.6% women suffered from pelvic organ prolapse and more than 11.0% of women require surgical correction of prolapse in their life times. According to few researches, there is an observed association between low vitamin D levels with pelvic organ prolapse but this finding is not unequivocal. This case control study has been conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from October 2018 to August 2020 to investigate the level of vitamin D in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse to explore the association of low vitamin D with pelvic organ prolapse. A total 148 participants of 52 years or older attending the out or inpatient department were enrolled in the study. The study population was divided into two groups, a case group (n=74) consisting of patients with pelvic organ prolapse and a control group (n=74) comprising of women without pelvic organ prolapse. After taking informed written consent the serum vitamin D level of all participants was measured by CMIA technology with flexible assay protocols at Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department of the same institute. All necessary Data were collected on variables of interest by using the structured questionnaire pre-designed for interview, observation, clinical examination, and biochemical Data collection. Distributions were expressed by mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and by frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Student's t-test and Chi square test were done to see the significance of differences between Group I and Group II. Odds ratio, correlation coefficient, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association of low vitamin D level with pelvic organ prolapse. Mean±SD level of Vitamin D in the case group was 13.96±5.18ng/ml and in the control group was 21.08±5.77ng/ml respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the vitamin D levels were inversely proportionate with the severity of pelvic organ prolapse. OR (95% CI), of two groups showed risk of developing pelvic organ prolapse 5.63 times higher in women with decreased vitamin D level. Thus it can be concluded that women having low level of vitamin D have more chance of developing pelvic organ prolapse.
Subject(s)
Pelvic Floor Disorders , Pelvic Organ Prolapse , Pregnancy , Humans , Female , Male , Case-Control Studies , Postmenopause , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/epidemiology , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/etiology , Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery , Pelvic Floor Disorders/epidemiology , Vitamin D , VitaminsABSTRACT
Polymeric nanocomposites embedded with nontoxic antimicrobial agents have recently gained potential industrial significance, mainly for their applicability to preserve food quality and ensure safety. In this study, a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/organoclay (CMMT) based nanocomposite film doped with sodium benzoate (SB) as antimicrobial agent was prepared by a solution mixing process. A homogenous dispersion of organoclay (cetyltrimethylammonium-modified montmorillonite [CMMT]) in PBAT matrix was observed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. PBAT/CMMT nanocomposite film showed higher barrier properties against water and methanol vapor compared to the PBAT film. The release of SB from PBAT and its nanocomposite film was measured and the relevant data were fitted to the Weibull model. The higher values of Weibull's shape factor and scale parameter as corroborated by experimental findings indicated faster rate of SB release from PBAT/CMMT/SB nanocomposite film, when compared to the pristine PBAT film. Bacterial inhibition studies were accomplished against 2 food pathogenic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, by determining the zone of inhibition and corresponding growth profiles. Both bacterial inhibition studies and growth profiles established that PBAT/CMMT/SB demonstrated better antimicrobial activity than PBAT/SB film. Therefore, PBAT/CMMT/SB nanocomposite film can be used for food packaging application as it showed good barrier properties and antimicrobial activity against food pathogenic bacteria.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bentonite/chemistry , Food Packaging/methods , Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Sodium Benzoate/pharmacology , Adipates/chemistry , Alkenes/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Bacillus subtilis/growth & development , Food Microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Phthalic Acids/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Sodium Benzoate/chemistry , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/growth & development , Tensile Strength , Water , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite films are prepared by solution intercalation method. Mechanical, thermal, moisture absorption, optical clarity and water vapor permeability of HPMC/MMT nanocomposite films are measured. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) results establish formation of partially intercalated and partially exfoliated HPMC/MMT nanocomposite films. In presence of MMT, the tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break of HPMC films are improved. The thermal stability of HPMC/MMT nanocomposites is better than pure HPMC. The moisture absorption of HPMC film measured in 75% of constant relative humidity is reduced with loading of MMT. Optical clarity of HPMC film is almost unaffected in presence of MMT. Water vapor permeability of HPMC decreases in presence of nanoclay due to increasing tortuous path for diffusion.
Subject(s)
Bentonite/chemistry , Methylcellulose/analogs & derivatives , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Food Packaging , Hypromellose Derivatives , Methylcellulose/chemistry , Tensile Strength , Thermogravimetry , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
En este libro se reúnen una serie de ensayos, de autores de las más diversas corrientes, referidos a la bisexualidad y a la diferenciación sexual en los seres humanos
ABSTRACT
En este libro se reúnen una serie de ensayos, de autores de las más diversas corrientes, referidos a la bisexualidad y a la diferenciación sexual en los seres humanos
ABSTRACT
Se ha realizado para este libro una cuidadosa selección de importantes estudios de psicoanalisatas y psicólogos sobre la homosexualidad en el hombre y en la mujer, la impotencia, la frigidez, el exhibicionismo, el fetichismo y el transvestismo
